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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 1496-1502 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The bulk and surface diffusion of Cu deposited on a treated low dielectric constant fluoropolymer (FLARE™ 1.0, AlliedSignal) was studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Copper was found to be relatively unreactive on untreated, N2 and O2 plasma treated, and Ar+ sputtered surfaces. Shifts in the Cu 2p3/2 binding energy showed that larger Cu islands formed when Cu was evaporated on the untreated surface. Because sputter deposition of Cu damaged the fluoropolymer and formed nucleation sites for Cu islands, many smaller islands were found for Cu sputter deposited on untreated polymer. The competition between bulk and surface diffusion also plays a role in Cu island size: Plasma treatments and sputtering limit diffusion of Cu into the bulk of the polymer below the glass transition temperature Tg. The plasma treatments increase the surface reactivity and the plasma treatments and sputtering increase the cross linking in the surface region. Above Tg, no treatment was found to effectively limit diffusion into the bulk. Bulk diffusion during Cu deposition, however, is found to limit island size. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 856-857 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 2980-2982 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure which offers computational advantages over the customary formalism is presented for calculating the shifts of the energy levels of discrete states embedded in a continuum. Numerical procedures are described and applied to the vibrational level shifts of the B 3Σ−u state of 16O2 interacting with the 5Πu continuum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 2375-2383 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical formulation is presented of the predissociation of vibrational levels of the C 3Πg Rydberg state of O2 in terms of an inhomogeneous driven equation which takes account of couplings between the Rydberg state and the lowest two 3Πg valence states and the coupling between the valence states. The branching ratios for decay to the end products O(3P)+O(1D) and O(3P)+O(3P) are obtained and it is found that by a suitable choice of potential energy curves and coupling interactions agreement can be obtained with the experimental data. Utility of the Landau–Zener model is investigated and it is shown to be highly successful in describing the decay paths of the low-lying vibrational levels but it fails for the high-lying levels because of the occurrence of quantal interference between the channels. It is demonstrated that because of flux conservation the total width of the Rydberg vibrational state is independent of the coupling between the valence states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 8840-8843 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An amplitude method is described for determining the partial and total widths and the energies of resonances in multichannel processes in which resonance states may decay into many channels. The method is tested by application to a model problem and by a study of the predissociation of the C 3Πg Rydberg state of O2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 4180-4194 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recently developed technique of time-resolved spectroscopy with phase-locked optical pulse pairs is further explored with additional experimental data and more detailed comparison to theory. This spectroscopic method is sensitive to the overall phase evolution of an optically prepared nuclear wave packet. The phase locking scheme, demonstrated for the B←X transition of gas phase molecular iodine, is extended through the use of in-quadrature locked pulses and by examination of the dispersed fluorescence signal. The excited state population following the interaction with both pulses is detected as the resultant two-field-dependent fluorescence emission from the B state. The observed signals have periodically recurring features that result from rovibrational wave packet dynamics of the molecule on the excited state electronic potential energy curve. Quantum interference effects cause the magnitude and sign of the periodic features to be strongly modulated. The two-pulse phase-locked interferograms are interpreted with first order time-dependent perturbation theory. Excellent agreement is found between the experimental interferograms and those calculated from literature values of the parameters governing the electronic, vibrational and rotational structure of I2. A relationship between the phase-locked interferograms and the time-dependent linear susceptibility is obtained. The in-phase and in-quadrature phase-locked interferograms together provide a complete record of the optical free induction decay. Thus by combining the in-phase and in-quadrature data, we obtain the contributions to both the absorptive and dispersive linear susceptibilities arising from transitions within the pulse spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Breast rolls with 6 antimicrobial additive treatments—no preservatives (control), 0.1% potassium benzoate (PB), 2% sodium lactate (SL), 0.1% potassium benzoate plus 2% sodium lactate (PB + SL), 2% sodium lactate plus 0.1% sodium diacetate (SL + SDA), and 0.1% potassum benzoate, 2% sodium lactate, and 0.1% sodium diacetate (PB + SL + SDA)—were prepared. Samples were irradiated at 0, 1.0, or 2.0 kGy, and then the quality characteristics of turkey rolls were analyzed. Adding 2% SL increased the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience of breast rolls. Addition of PB or SDA, and irradiation had no significant effect on texture. Adding 2% SL affected color values. The color a* and b* values of turkey rolls with 2% SL added were significantly lower than those of the control, and this difference was maintained after irradiation and during storage. No difference in color and texture was observed between turkey rolls added with SL and those added with SL + PB + SDA. Breast rolls containing antimicrobials had more lipid oxidation than control. Irradiation and storage slightly enhanced lipid oxidation, although the overall lipid oxidation was very low. Irradiation promoted the formation of dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide. Adding PB in breast rolls greatly increased the formation of benzene during irradiation, whereas other antimicrobial additives had no significant effects on volatiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic packaging significantly increased cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in cooked turkey, pork, and beef patties after 7-d storage, but vacuum packaging was very effective in preventing cholesterol and lipid oxidation. Packaging of meat after cooking had a much stronger effect on COPs formation than before cooking, and irradiation had only a minor effect. The amount of total COPs correlated well with TBARS in cooked meat. Turkey had the highest rates of COPs and TBARS formation and beef had the lowest rates after 7-d storage, which were closely related to the fatty acid composition of meats. 7a-hydroxycholesterol, 7p-hydroxycholesterol, and 7-ketocholesterol were the major COPs detected in all 3 cooked meat patties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The relationship between volatile substances and manufacturing procedures of Chinese traditional Jinhua ham and Cantonese sausage were determined. Ethanol and its alcohol esters were the major volatiles of Cantonese sausage suggesting that ethanol added to meat at the formulation stage was the most important factor for the characteristic flavor of Cantonese sausage. Small amounts of fatty acid and amino acid breakdown products were also detected in Cantonese sausage. In Jinhua ham, alkanes and alkenes were the major volatiles, but branched aldehydes and sulfur compounds were also detected. This indicated that many complicated chemical reactions occurring in Jinhua ham during ripening contribute to its characteristic flavor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electron-beam irradiation significantly increased the oxidation of docosahexaenoic, arachidonic and linolenic acids, and cholesterol in egg yolk powder. Arachidonic-acid content was reduced from 4.58% to 3.07%, and total cholesterol oxidation products increased from 11 μg/g to 467 μg/g after 5.0 kGy irradiation. Further oxidation occurred during storage. Vacuum-packaging significantly reduced, but the use of antioxidants had no effect on the fatty acids and cholesterol oxidation during irradiation and storage. Irradiation caused color change in egg yolk powder. The Hunter color a- (redness) values decreased from 3.89 to 2.48 and 1.94, respectively, after 2.5 and 5.0 kGy irradiation. Hunter color a- and b-values were also decreased during storage. Vacuum-packaging and antioxidants significantly reduced color changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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