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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over 400 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) died and many others displayed signs of neurological dysfunction along the central California coast during May and June 1998. A bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia australis (diatom) was observed in the Monterey Bay region during the same period. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/47481
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic analysis of selected toxic and non-toxic bacterial strains isolated from the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recent evidence has implicated bacterial involvement in the production of paralytic shellfish poison toxins, which are normally associated with bloom-forming algal species, specifically toxic dinoflagellate algae. Preliminary reports of the identification of toxin-producing bacteria isolated from the toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense suggested that they belonged to the gamma sub-division of the Proteobacteria, specifically related to the bacterium Moraxella. Digoxigenin-labelled alpha, beta and gamma ribosomal rRNA probes, hybridized to both toxigenic and non-toxigenic bacteria isolated from several strains of Alexandrium tamarense, indicated that the bacteria belonged to the alpha sub-division of the Proteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA coding regions confirmed this and provided strong evidence that these bacteria are likely to represent a new genus in that group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00442.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalassiosira antarctica (Bacillariophyceae): Vegetative and resting stage ultrastructure of an ice-related marine diatom (1985)
    Springer
    Polar biology 4 (1985), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of T. antarctica var. antarctica vegetative and resting stages are compared using light and transmission electron microscopy. Resting spores contain noticeably more lipid reserves than do vegetative cells. Numerous mitochondria and generally fewer numbers of other organelles are eliminated from spores into an abortive daughter cell when the spore formation division sequence is terminated. The remaining spore contents are a compact arrangement of organelles with lipid bodies predominating. These two stages are thus ultrastructurally distinct, and differences in their chemical composition can be manifested as cytological modifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442908
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  • 4
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    Azaspiracid shellfish poisoning: a review on the chemistry, ecology, and toxicology with an emphasis on human health impacts (2021)
    In:  Mike.Twiner@noaa.gov | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14901 | 403 | 2014-03-10 19:58:44 | 14901 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine toxins that accumulate in various shellfish species and have been associated with severe gastrointestinal human intoxications since 1995. This toxin class has since been reported from several countries, including Morocco and much of western Europe. A regulatory limit of 160 μg AZA/kg wholeshellfish flesh was established by the EU in order to protect human health; however, in some cases, AZA concentrations far exceed the action level. Herein we discuss recent advances on the chemistry of various AZA analogs, review the ecology of AZAs, including the putative progenitor algal species, collectively interpret the in vitro and in vivo data on the toxicology of AZAs relating to human health issues, and outline the European legislature associated with AZAs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Health
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 39-72
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  • 5
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    Domoic acid contamination within eight representative species from the benthic food web of Monterey Bay, California, USA (2021)
    In:  rikk_kvitek@csumb.edu | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14907 | 403 | 2014-03-11 17:26:19 | 14907 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Benthic food webs often derive a significant fraction of their nutrient inputs from phytoplankton in the overlying waters. If the phytoplankton include harmful algal species like Pseudo-nitzschia australis, a diatom capable of producing the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), the benthic food web can become a depository for phycotoxins. We tested the general hypothesis that DA contaminates benthic organisms during local blooms of P. australis, a widespread toxin producer along the US west coast. To test for trophic transfer and uptake of DA into the benthic food web, we sampled 8 benthic species comprising 4 feeding groups: filter feeders (Emerita analoga and Urechis caupo); a predator (Citharichthys sordidus); scavengers (Nassarius fossatus and Pagurus samuelis) and deposit feeders (Neotrypaea californiensis, Dendraster excentricus and Olivella biplicata). Sampling occurred before, during and after blooms of P. australis in Monterey Bay, CA, USA during 2000 and 2001. DA was detected in all 8 species, with contamination persisting over variable time scales. Maximum DA levels in N. fossatus (674 ppm), E. analoga (278 ppm), C. sordidus (515 ppm), N. californiensis (145 ppm), P. samuelis (56 ppm), D. excentricus (15 ppm) and O. biplicata (3 ppm) coincided with P. australis blooms, while DA levels in U. caupo remained above 200 ppm (max. = 751 ppm) throughout the study period. DA in 6 species exceeded levels thought to be safe for higher level consumers (i.e. ≥20 ppm) and thus is likely to have deleterious effects on marine birds, sea lions and the endangered California sea otter, known to prey upon these benthic species.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 35-47
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  • 6
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    Field applications of the second-generation Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) for remote detection of harmful algae: 2006-2007 (2021)
    In:  dgreenfield@belle.baruch.sc.edu | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14913 | 403 | 2014-03-11 17:38:22 | 14913 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: We assess the application of the second-generation Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) for the detection of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species in field and laboratory settings using two molecular probe techniques: a sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). During spring 2006, the first time this new instrument was deployed, the ESP successfully automated application of DNA probe arrays for various HAB species and other planktonic taxa, but non-specific background binding on the SHA probe array support made results interpretation problematic. Following 2006, the DNA array support membrane that we were using was replaced with a different membrane, and the SHA chemistry was adjusted. The sensitivity and dynamic range of these modifications were assessed using 96-well plate and ESP array SHA formats for several HAB species found commonly in Monterey Bay over a range of concentrations; responses were significantly correlated (p 〈 0.01). Modified arrays were deployed in 2007. Compared to 2006, probe arrays showed improved signal:noise, and remote detection of various HAB species was demonstrated. We confirmed that the ESP and affiliated assays can detect HAB populations at levels below those posing human health concerns, and results can be related to prevailing environmental conditions in near real-time.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 667-679
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  • 7
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    Influence of microbial interactions on the susceptibility of Karenia spp. to algicidal bacteria (2021)
    In:  greg.doucette@noaa.gov | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14899 | 403 | 2014-03-11 19:24:22 | 14899 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: A bacterial strain (D38BY) belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae and antagonistic towards an algicidal bacterium (strain S03; Flavobacteriaceae) was isolated from a culture of the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis that had previously been characterized as resistant to attack by strain S03. This antagonistic bacterium increased the survival time of otherwise susceptible, bacteriafreeK. brevis cultures in a concentration-dependent manner during exposure to the algicidal bacterium. Experimental evidence indicated that direct contact was required in order for strain D38BY to inhibit the killing activity of algicidal strain S03. While further work is needed to determine its precise mode of action, the antagonistic properties of strain D38BY provide further evidence that the resistance or susceptibility of certain algal taxa to algicidal attack can be more a function of interactions within the ambient microbial community than an intrinsic property of the alga.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Health
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 251-259
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  • 8
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    New approaches and technologies for observing harmful algal blooms (2009)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 18, 2 (2005): 210-227.
    Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent a diverse range of phenomena that universally share only two characteristics: they produce effects on ecosystems or food resources that humans perceive as harmful, and their progression is fundamentally a process of population dynamics under oceanographic control. Because of the complexity, scales, and transient nature of HABs, their monitoring and prediction requires rapid, intensive, extensive, and sustained observations at sea. These requirements cannot be met with traditional approaches that depend on ships for sampling and laboratories for chemical or biological analyses. Fortunately, new sensing technologies that operate autonomously in situ will allow, in the near future, the development of comprehensive observation strategies for timely detection of HABs. In turn, developments in modeling will support prediction of these phenomena, based directly on real-time measurements.
    Description: The authors gratefully acknowledge the following agencies for their financial support of the Habwatch workshop: European Commission (EC), National Scientific Foundation (NSF), European Space Agency (ESA), Office of Naval Research (ONR), International Foreign Office of ONR, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), Scientific Commission on Oceanic Research (SCOR), Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploration de la MER (Ifremer), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Commission (NOAA).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Diversity and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia species in Monterey Bay : perspectives from targeted and adaptive sampling (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Harmful Algae 78 (2018): 129-141, doi:10.1016/j.hal.2018.08.006.
    Description: Monterey Bay, California experiences near-annual blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia that can affect marine animal health and the economy, including impacts to tourism and commercial/recreational fisheries. One species in particular, P. australis, has been implicated in the most toxic of events, however other species within the genus can contribute to widespread variability in community structure and associated toxicity across years. Current monitoring methods are limited in their spatial coverage as well as their ability to capture the full suite of species present, thereby hindering understanding of HAB events and limiting predictive accuracy. An integrated deployment of multiple in situ platforms, some with autonomous adaptive sampling capabilities, occurred during two divergent bloom years in the bay, and uncovered detailed aspects of population and toxicity dynamics. A bloom in 2013 was characterized by spatial differences in Pseudo39 nitzschia populations, with the low-toxin producer P. fraudulenta dominating the inshore community and toxic P. australis dominating the offshore community. An exceptionally toxic bloom in 2015 developed as a diverse Pseudo-nitzschia community abruptly transitioned into a bloom of highly toxic P. australis within the time frame of a week. Increases in cell density and proliferation coincided with strong upwelling of nutrients. High toxicity was driven by silicate limitation of the dense bloom. This temporal shift in species composition mirrored the shift observed further north in the California Current System off Oregon and Washington. The broad scope of sampling and unique platform capabilities employed during these studies revealed important patterns in bloom formation and persistence for Pseudo-nitzschia. Results underscore the benefit of expanded biological observing capabilities and targeted sampling methods to capture more comprehensive spatial and temporal scales for studying and predicting future events.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA11NOS4780055, NA11NOS4780056, NA11NOS4780030) and a fellowship to H. Bowers from the Packard Foundation.
    Keywords: Pseudo-nitzschia ; Monterey Bay ; Species diversity ; Harmful algal bloom ; Domoic acid ; Environmental Sample Processor ; ARISA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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