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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 150 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    In:  Supplement to: Schulte, Peter; Deutsch, Alexander; Salge, T; Berndt, J; Kontny, A; MacLeod, Kenneth G; Neuser, R D; Krumm, Stefan H (2009): A dual-layer Chicxulub ejecta sequence with shocked carbonates from the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, Demerara Rise, western Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(4), 1180-1204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.011
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: An up to 2-cm thick Chicxulub ejecta deposit marking the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary (the "K-T" boundary) was recovered in six holes drilled during ODP Leg 207 (Demerara Rise, tropical western Atlantic). Stunning features of this deposit are its uniformity over an area of 30 km2 and the total absence of bioturbation, allowing documentation of the original sedimentary sequence. High-resolution mineralogical, petrological, elemental, isotopic (Sr-Nd), and rock magnetic data reveal a distinct microstratigraphy and a range of ejecta components. The deposit is normally graded and composed predominantly of rounded, 0.1- to max. 1-mm sized spherules. Spherules are altered to dioctahedral aluminous smectite, though occasionally relict Si-Al-rich hydrated glass is also present, suggesting acidic precursor lithologies. Spherule textures vary from hollow to vesicle-rich to massive; some show in situ collapse, others include distinct Fe-Mg-Ca-Ti-rich melt globules and lath-shaped Al-rich quench crystals. Both altered glass spherules and the clay matrix (Site 1259B) display strongly negative epsilon-Nd (T=65Ma) values (-17) indicating uptake of Nd from contemporaneous ocean water during alteration. Finally, Fe-Mg-rich spherules, shocked quartz and feldspar grains, few lithic clasts, as well as abundant accretionary and porous carbonate clasts are concentrated in the uppermost 0.5-0.7 mm of the deposit. The carbonate clasts display in part very unusual textures, which are interpreted to be of shock-metamorphic origin. The preservation of delicate spherule textures, normal grading with lack of evidence for traction transport, and sub-millimeter scale compositional trends provide evidence for this spherule deposit representing a primary air-fall deposit not affected by significant reworking. The ODP Leg 207 spherule deposit is the first known dual-layer K-Pg boundary in marine settings; it incorporates compositional and stratigraphic aspects of both proximal and distal marine sites. Its stratigraphy strongly resembles the dual-layer K-Pg boundary deposits in the terrestrial Western Interior of North America (although there carbonate phases are not preserved). The occurrence of a dual ejecta layer in these quite different sedimentary environments - separated by several thousands of kilometers - provides additional evidence for an original sedimentary sequence. Therefore, the layered nature of the deposit may document compositional differences between ballistic Chicxulub ejecta forming the majority of the spherule deposit, and material falling out from the vapor (ejecta) plume, which is concentrated in the uppermost part.
    Keywords: 207-1258B; 207-1259B; 207-1259C; Agosta; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; HAND; Joides Resolution; Leg207; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sampling by hand; South Atlantic Ocean; Spain; Stevns-Klint
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 207-1258B; Aluminium; Aluminium (IV); Aluminium (VI); Aluminium oxide; Calcium; Calcium oxide; Calculated based on oxygen number; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elements, total; Iron 2+ and 3+; Iron number; Iron oxide, FeO; Joides Resolution; Leg207; Magnesium; Magnesium oxide; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Potassium; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Sample comment; Silicon; Silicon dioxide; Sodium; Sodium oxide; South Atlantic Ocean; Sum; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; X-ray diffraction (XRD)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 270 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 207-1259B; Aluminium (IV); Aluminium (IV), standard deviation; Aluminium (VI); Aluminium (VI), standard deviation; Aluminium oxide; Aluminium oxide, standard deviation; Calcium; Calcium, standard deviation; Calcium oxide; Calcium oxide, standard deviation; Calculated based on oxygen number; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elements, total; Elements, total, standard deviation; Iron, standard deviation; Iron 2+ and 3+; Iron number; Iron number, standard deviation; Iron oxide, FeO; Iron oxide, FeO, standard deviation; Joides Resolution; Leg207; Magnesium; Magnesium, standard deviation; Magnesium oxide; Magnesium oxide, standard deviation; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Potassium; Potassium, standard deviation; Potassium oxide; Potassium oxide, standard deviation; Sample amount; Sample code/label; Sample comment; Silicon; Silicon, standard deviation; Silicon dioxide; Silicon dioxide, standard deviation; Sodium; Sodium, standard deviation; Sodium oxide; Sodium oxide, standard deviation; South Atlantic Ocean; Standard deviation; Sum; Titanium; Titanium, standard deviation; Titanium dioxide; Titanium dioxide, standard deviation; X-ray diffraction (XRD)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 276 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 207-1258B; 207-1259B; 207-1259C; Agosta; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Geological age; HAND; Joides Resolution; Leg207; Neodymium; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio, error; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Rubidium; Rubidium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Samarium; Samarium-147/Neodymium-144 ratio; Sample code/label; Sample comment; Sampling by hand; South Atlantic Ocean; Spain; Stevns-Klint; Strontium; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 136 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 207-1258B; Aluminium oxide; Aluminium oxide, standard deviation; Calcium oxide; Calcium oxide, standard deviation; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elements, total; Elements, total, standard deviation; Iron oxide, FeO; Iron oxide, FeO, standard deviation; Joides Resolution; Leg207; Magnesium oxide; Magnesium oxide, standard deviation; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Potassium oxide; Potassium oxide, standard deviation; Sample amount; Sample code/label; Sample comment; Silicon dioxide; Silicon dioxide, standard deviation; Sodium oxide; Sodium oxide, standard deviation; South Atlantic Ocean; Titanium dioxide; Titanium dioxide, standard deviation; X-ray diffraction (XRD)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 126 data points
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In a recent article in Terra Nova, Kristan-Tollmann and Tollmann (1994) suggested that the Biblical Flood can be explained by seven fragments of a comet that impacted the ocean at seven locations on Earth at 03.00h (C.E.T.) on 23 September, 9545 yr BP. We demonstrate that all the ‘geological proofs’ that allegedly support their conclusions are not supported by the available data on impact cratering. Their hypothesis is based on insufficient and ambiguous data, selective citation, and incomplete comprehension of previous research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 7 (1983), S. 522-526 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le taux élevé de la pathologie abdominale dans une population croissante de gens âgés et le fait que le corps chirurgical est plus disposé à affronter les problèmes majeurs chez le vieillard expliquent l'augmentation du nombre des interventions dans ce groupe. 400 cas consécutifs d'interventions abdominales majeures chez des sujets âgés de plus de 70 ans ont été soumis à une analyse informatique, le but de cette enquête étant de déterminer les facteurs principaux affectant la morbidité et la mortalité. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de constater que les affections biliaires étaient les plus fréquentes et qu'elles précédaient l'occlusion intestinale due à des affections bénignes ou malignes. La décision d'intervenir chez le vieillard doit tenir compte non seulement des facteurs médicaux mais aussi des conditions éthiques médicolégales et économiques. L'analyse des données fournies par cette étude a permis d'aboutir aux conclusions suivantes: 1- Le taux de la mortalité est en déclin dans le cas de chirurgie élective chez le vieillard en l'absence de la propagation d'un processus malin. 2- Le moment de l'intervention revêt une grande importance, les interventions précoces donnant de meilleurs résultats que les opérations immédiates ou que les opérations tardives. 3- Les méthodes thérapeutiques radicales sont parfois moins graves et moins onéreuses que les méthodes palliatives. 4- Les principales causes de la mort sont l'existence d'un processus tumoral malin, la péritonite diffuse et l'altération modérée ou grave des fonctions vitales.
    Abstract: Resumen Las altas incidencias de patología abdominal en una creciente población de pacientes geriátricos y la mayor disposición del cirujano de enfrentarse a los serios problemas del anciano, son factores que contribuyen a un aumento constante en el número de procedimientos abdominales en este grupo. Cuatrocientos procedimientos quirúrgicos abdominales mayores en pacientes de más de 70 años fueron sometidos a análisis por computador, con el propósito de determinar los principales factores que afectan la mortalidad y la morbilidad. El perfil etiológico de la cirugía abdominal en el anciano se caracteriza por un elevado porcentaje de procedimientos relativos al tracto biliar; el segundo grupo en magnitud estuvo representado por obstrucción intestinal debida a condiciones benignas y malignas. El proceso de decisión en la cirugía geriátrica es de gran importancia, y requiere la consideración de factores éticos, médico-legales y económicos, además de los puramente médicos. El análisis de los datos presentados en esta serie lleva a las siguientes conclusiones: 1. Existe una mortalidad decreciente en todas las operaciones electivas en los ancianos, en ausencia de neoplasia maligna diseminada. 2. La escogencia del momento oportuno para operar es de importancia capital en las emergencias abdominales del anciano, y las operaciones tempranas generalmente son más exitosas que las operaciones inmediatas o las operaciones tardías. 3. Los procedimientos definitivos son en ocasiones de mayor seguridad y de mejor efectividad de costo que los procedimientos mínimos que se realizan en tales circunstancias. 4. Los factores principales que llevan a una elevada mortalidad son la presencia de neoplasia maligna, la peritonitis generalizada y la involucración moderada o severa de sistemas de soporte vital.
    Notes: Abstract The high rates of abdominal disorders in a growing population of geriatric patients and the greater willingness of the surgeon to cope with major problems in the elderly are factors contributing to a steady increase in abdominal procedures in this group. Four hundred consecutive major abdominal surgical procedures in patients over 70 years of age were submitted for computer analysis, the purpose of which was to determine the principal factors affecting mortality and morbidity. The etiological profile of abdominal surgery in the elderly was characterized by a high percentage of procedures related to the biliary tract, with the second largest group being those for intestinal obstruction due to benign and malignant conditions. The decision-making process in geriatric surgery is of great importance, requiring consideration of ethical, medico-legal and economic factors in addition to the purely medical ones. Analysis of data presented in this series leads to the following conclusions: 1. There is a declining mortality rate in all elective operations in the elderly, in the absence of widespread malignancy. 2. Timing is all important in abdominal emergencies in the elderly, and early operations are usually more successful than either immediate or delayed operations. 3. Definitive procedures are sometimes both safer and more cost effective than minimal procedures performed under such circumstances. 4. The principal factors leading to high mortality rates are the presence of malignancy, generalized peritonitis, and moderate-to-severe involvement of life-support systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 6 (1982), S. 195-198 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les maladies bénignes des voies biliaries représentent l'indication la plus fréquente de la chirurgie abdominale majeure. Les complications septiques jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans la morbidité et la mortalité des affections biliaires et de la chirurgie biliaire. L'étude rapportée concerne 800 cas de cholécystectomie lors desquels fut pratiqué un examen bactériologique de la bile dont les données furent confrontées aux données cliniques. Le taux global de culture biliaire positive s'est élevé à 27 pour cent. Les malades à culture positive (patient à haut risque) présentaient une cholécystite aiguë, un ictère, des calculs, un diabète, une vésicule exclue, étaient âgés de plus de 70 ans. Les autres qui n'étaient affectés d'aucun de ces facteurs (patient à bas risque) n'avaient une culture positive que dans 7,1 pour cent des cas. Le plus souvent la bile contenait des germes gram négatif sensibles à la Gentamycine dans 21 pour cent des cas. Il existait une corrélation nette entre la présence de ces germes dans la bile et la fréquence des complications septiques. Cette étude permet d'affirmer que l'antibiothérapie pré-opératoire et post-opératoire n'est nécessaire que chez les “malades à haut risque.”
    Notes: Abstract Benign disease of the biliary tract has become the most common indication for major abdominal surgery. Septic complications play an increasingly important role in the morbidity and mortality of biliary tract disease and biliary surgery. This prospective study deals with 800 consecutive cholecystectomies in which bacteriology data were studied and correlated with clinical data. The general incidence of positive bile cultures was 27%. Patients with a high incidence of positive cultures (high-risk group) included those with acute cholecystitis, jaundice, choledochal stones, diabetes mellitus, nonfunctioning gallbladders, and patients over 70. Patients not presenting any of the above features (low-risk group) had a very low incidence of positive bile cultures (less than 7.1%). The types of bacteria cultured were gram-negative bacteria in the great majority of cases, gentamicin showing the highest sensitivity rate (91%). Close correlation was found between positive bile cultures and the incidence of septic complications. The results of this study support the view that perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary surgery should be given only to those patients defined as high risk. In the low-risk group, about 60% of all cases, antibiotics can be omitted safely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 14 (1990), S. 567-570 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Alors que la chirurgie de la cholécystite aiguë est devenue l'une des plus fréquentes de la chirurgie abdominale hospitalière, certains aspects de son traitement restent controversés. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer les tendances actuelles en comparant 2 séries de patients opérés à 10 ans d'intervalle. On a comparé 256 cas de cholécystite aiguë opérés entre 1970 et 1977 (groupe O) avec 260 cas opérés entre 1980 et 1987 (groupe N). Trente-six variables ont été enregistrées dans chaque cas, entrés dans un ordinateur et analysés. Les résultats montrent que dans le groupe N (par rapport au group O): 1. l'âge était significativement plus élevé; la proportion d'hommes et de diabétiques était plus importante; 2. il y avait plus de lithiases de la voie biliaire principale, de cholécystite alithiasique et de gangrène de la vésicule; 3. il y avait significativement plus de patients opérés dans les premières 48 heures après l'admission; 4. il y avait significativement plus de patients sans antécédents biliaires; 5. il y avait significativement moins d'abcès de parois, mais pas de différence de mortalité (N: 3.0%; O: 2.7%); 6. la durée moyenne d'hospitalisation post-opératoire était plus courte de 3.2 jours. Malgré une population plus âgée et plus malade dans le groupe N, il n'y avait pas de différence significative de mortalité et la durée moyenne du séjour hospitalier était moindre.
    Abstract: Resumen La cirugía por colecistitis aguda ha venido a ser la operación abdominal más frecuente en la mayoría de los hospitales; sin embargo varios aspectos relativos a su manejo continúan siendo motivo de controversia. El propósito del presente estudio fue identificar las tendencias recientes mediante la demonstración de las diferencias entre 2 series de pacientes operados en períodos de 10 años. Dos cientos cincuenta y seis operaciones consecutivas por colecistitis aguda fueron realizadas entre 1970 y 1977 (grupo O); se hizo la comparación con 260 casos operados entre 1980 y 1987 (grupo N). Se registraron 36 variables en cada caso. La totalidad de los datos fue registrada y analizada por computador. 1. La población en el grupo N apareció considerablemente más anciana y con una mayor proporción de hombres y de diabéticos. 2. Se observó un incremento en el número de pacientes con cálculos en el colédoco, con colecistitis acalculosa, y con alteraciones gangrenosas en la vesícula biliar. 3. Hubo un aumento significativo en el número de pacientes operados en las primeras 48 horas de su admisión. 4. Se presentó un aumento significativo en el número de pacientes sin historia previa de sintomas biliares. 5. Hubo un descenso significativo en la tasa de infección de herida sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mortalidad (N: 3.0%, O: 2.7%). 6. Se observó una hospitalización más corta, de 3.2 días menos. A pesar de que la población del grupo N fue más anciana y más enferma, no se presentó un aumento significativo en la mortalidad y se redujo el período postoperatorio de hospitalización.
    Notes: Abstract Surgery for acute cholecystitis has become the most frequent abdominal surgery in most hospitals, yet aspects of its management remain controversial. The aim of this study was to focus on the recent trends by demonstrating the principal differences between 2 series of patients operated on during 10-year intervals. Two hundred fifty-six consecutive operations for acute cholecystitis were performed from 1970 to 1977 (group O) and were compared to 260 cases operated from 1980 to 1987 (group N). Thirty-six variables were recorded in each case. All data obtained were computer recorded and analyzed. Several trends were observed in group N: 1. The population was significantly older with a higher proportion of males and diabetics. 2. There was a marked increase in common bile duct stones, acalculous cholecystitis, and gangrenous changes in the gallbladder. 3. There was a significant increase in patients operated on within 48 hours of admission. 4. There was a significant increase in the number of patients without previous history of biliary symptoms. 5. There was a significant decrease in the rate of wound infections and no statistically significant differences in mortality (N: 3.0%, O: 2.7%). 6. A decrease of the average postoperative hospital stay of 3.2 days was observed. In spite of the older and sicker population in group N, no significant increase in mortality occurred and the postoperative hospital stay was reduced.
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