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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended dissimilarity: a method of robust estimation of ecological distances from high beta diversity data (1999)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 144 (1999), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Flexible shortest path adjustment ; Gradient analysis ; Multidimensional scaling ; Ordination ; Principal coordinates analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is widely accepted that reliable ordination of ecological data requires a strong linear or ordinal relationship between the dissimilarity of sites, based on species composition, and the ecological distance between them. Certain dissimilarity measures, having the property that they take a fixed maximum value when sites have no species in common, have been shown to be strongly correlated with ecological distance. For ecological gradients of moderate length (moderate beta diversity), such measures, in conjunction with non-metric multidimensional scaling, will reliably yield successful ordinations. However, as beta diversity increases, more sites have no species in common, and such measures invariably under-estimate ecological distance for such sites. Thus ordinations of data with high species turnover (high beta diversity) may fail. Extended dissimilarities are defined using an iterative adaptation of flexible shortest path adjustment applied to the matrix of dissimilarities with fixed maximum values. By means of theoretical argument and simulations, this is shown to lead to far stronger correlations between the adjusted site dissimilarity and ecological distance for ecological gradients of greater length than previously considered. Hence ordinations of extended dissimilarities, by means of either metric or non-metric scaling techniques, are shown to outperform corresponding ordinations of unadjusted dissimilarities, with the difference increasing with increasing beta diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009763730207
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Ocean acidification reduces demersal zooplankton that reside in tropical coral reefs (2016)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 6 . pp. 1124-1129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-06
    Description: The in situ effects of ocean acidification on zooplankton communities remain largely unexplored. Using natural volcanic CO2 seep sites around tropical coral communities, we show a threefold reduction in the biomass of demersal zooplankton in high-CO2 sites compared with sites with ambient CO2. Differences were consistent across two reefs and three expeditions. Abundances were reduced in most taxonomic groups. There were no regime shifts in zooplankton community composition and no differences in fatty acid composition between CO2 levels, suggesting that ocean acidification affects the food quantity but not the quality for nocturnal plankton feeders. Emergence trap data show that the observed reduction in demersal plankton may be partly attributable to altered habitat. Ocean acidification changes coral community composition from branching to massive bouldering coral species, and our data suggest that bouldering corals represent inferior daytime shelter for demersal zooplankton. Since zooplankton represent a major source of nutrients for corals, fish and other planktivores, this ecological feedback may represent an additional mechanism of how coral reefs will be affected by ocean acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3122
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 1 (3). pp. 165-169.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: Experiments have shown that ocean acidification due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations has deleterious effects on the performance of many marine organisms(1-4). However, few empirical or modelling studies have addressed the long-term consequences of ocean acidification for marine ecosystems(5-7). Here we show that as pH declines from 8.1 to 7.8 (the change expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from 390 to 750 ppm, consistent with some scenarios for the end of this century) some organisms benefit, but many more lose out. We investigated coral reefs, seagrasses and sediments that are acclimatized to low pH at three cool and shallow volcanic carbon dioxide seeps in Papua New Guinea. At reduced pH, we observed reductions in coral diversity, recruitment and abundances of structurally complex framework builders, and shifts in competitive interactions between taxa. However, coral cover remained constant between pH 8.1 and similar to 7.8, because massive Porites corals established dominance over structural corals, despite low rates of calcification. Reef development ceased below pH 7.7. Our empirical data from this unique field setting confirm model predictions that ocean acidification, together with temperature stress, will probably lead to severely reduced diversity, structural complexity and resilience Of Indo-Pacific coral reefs within this century
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1122
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Ocean acidification reduces demersal zooplankton that reside in tropical coral reefs (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, 6, pp. 1124-1129, ISSN: 1758-678X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-28
    Description: The in situ effects of ocean acidification on zooplankton communities remain largely unexplored. Using natural volcanic CO2 seep sites around tropical coral communities, we show a threefold reduction in the biomass of demersal zooplankton in high-CO2 sites compared with sites with ambient CO2. Differences were consistent across two reefs and three expeditions. Abundances were reduced in most taxonomic groups. There were no regime shifts in zooplankton community composition and no differences in fatty acid composition between CO2 levels, suggesting that ocean acidification affects the food quantity but not the quality for nocturnal plankton feeders. Emergence trap data show that the observed reduction in demersal plankton may be partly attributable to altered habitat. Ocean acidification changes coral community composition from branching to massive bouldering coral species, and our data suggest that bouldering corals represent inferior daytime shelter for demersal zooplankton. Since zooplankton represent a major source of nutrients for corals, fish and other planktivores, this ecological feedback may represent an additional mechanism of how coral reefs will be affected by ocean acidification.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
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