Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The Future Is Now -- Chapter 2: Manifest Destiny and the Growth of America: Cheap Energy and Spending Natural Capital -- Historic Settlement Patterns in the United States -- Trends in Urbanization and the Emerging Mega Regions in Population -- The 11 Megaregions -- The American Melting Pot -- The Urban-Rural Imbalance -- Chapter 3: The Myth of Urban Self Sufficiency -- The Myth of the Self Sufficient City -- Some Conclusions and What's Next -- Chapter 4: A Tale of Twelve Cities and Ten Regions -- New York City, New York: The Capital City of the World -- Population -- History -- Flint, Michigan: Rust Belt Return to Nature -- History -- Asheville, North Carolina: Blue Ridge Chic -- Population -- History -- Orlando, Florida: Rollercoaster to an Uncertain Future -- Population -- History -- The Lower Mississippi River and the Central Gulf Coast: Wetlands, Steamboats, and Oil -- New Orleans, Louisiana: The Big Easy in the Big Bowl -- Population -- History -- Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Red Stick Above the Waters -- History -- Houston, Texas: Oil City, USA -- Population -- History -- Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Small Metropolis on the Fertile Plain -- History -- Amarillo, Texas: Cattle and Oil on the Semi-arid Plain -- History -- Las Vegas, Nevada: Betting on the Uncertain Future of Water -- History -- Los Angeles, California: Life in the Desert Fast Lane -- History -- Portland, Oregon: Green Paradise, Or Is It? -- History -- Summary -- Chapter 5: The Wealth of Nature Is the Wealth of Nations: Ecosystem Services and Their Value to Society -- What Are Ecosystem Goods and Services and Why Are They Important? -- What Are the Types of Ecosystem Services? -- How Are Ecosystem Services Valued, and How Much Are They Worth? -- Variation in Ecosystem Goods and Services across the Landscape. , Ecosystem Services Across the Landscape -- Chapter 6: Global Climate Change: A Warmer and More Unpredictable Future -- Introduction -- The Southwest -- Evidence for Climate Change -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- The Temperature-Precipitation Feedback Loop -- The Great Plains -- The Mississippi Valley -- Coastal Areas -- Perfect Storms and Other Weather Events -- Orchestrated Denial -- Chapter 7: Energy: The Master Resource -- Introduction -- It's the Energy, Stupid! -- Energy vs. Power -- The Laws of Thermodynamics -- History of Human Energy Use -- World and U.S. Patterns of Energy Production and Consumption -- Peak Oil -- Energy Return on Investment: Why "Drill, Baby, Drill" Is Not a Sustainable Strategy -- Will Unconventional Oil and Gas Replace Conventional Supplies? -- The 100-Year Supply and Other Myths -- Tar Sands -- Coal -- Renewable Energy to the Rescue? -- How Much Energy Does Society Need? -- Landscape Implications -- Chapter 8: Feeding America's Cities: Putting Food on the Table in the Twenty-First Century -- A Brief History of Food Production -- Crop Production in the U.S. -- Livestock, Dairy, and Seafood Production in the US, Where and How Much -- International Trade of Food Products -- The Family Meal -- What Does It Take to Produce Our Food? -- Vast Expanses of Suitable Land -- Energy -- Fertilizers, Other Chemicals, and Irrigated Water -- The Capacity of Different U.S. Cities and Regions to Produce Food -- Impacts of Megatrends on Food Production -- Chapter 9: Moving Away from a Ptolemic View of the Human Economy -- Introduction -- What's Wrong with GDP? -- An Empty World to a Full World -- A Two-Edged Sword -- High Oil Prices and Regional Sustainability -- Chapter 10: Revisiting and Ranking the Cities and Regions -- Sustainability of the Cities and Regions -- New York City -- Flint -- Asheville -- Orlando -- Cedar Rapids. , The Lower Mississippi River and the North Central Gulf-New Orleans-Baton Rouge-Houston -- Amarillo -- Las Vegas -- Los Angeles -- Portland -- Global Versus Local Constraints on Local Sustainability -- Sustainability at the National Scale -- Chapter 11: Summing It Up. Alternative Routes for the Way Forward -- Contemporary Economics Cannot Solve These Problems -- The Limits to Technology -- Adaptation: Learning from History -- Regionalism in a Globalized World -- Biographical Information -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Coasts and Estuaries: The Future -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Preface: Why This Book? -- Chapter 1: A Synthesis: What Is the Future for Coasts, Estuaries, Deltas and Other Transitional Habitats in 2050 and Beyond? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Setting the Scene: The DAPSI(W)R(M) Framework -- 3 Current Status of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems -- 3.1 Estuaries -- 3.2 Deltas -- 3.3 Wetlands, Lagoons, and Catchments -- 3.4 Enclosed, Semienclosed, and Open Coasts -- 3.5 Coral Reefs -- 4 Quantifying Changes: The Need to Accommodate Moving Baselines -- 5 Changes to Stressors: The Input of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Pollutants and the Extraction of Biological Resources -- 5.1 Dredging -- 5.2 Legacy Pollution -- 5.3 Invasive Species -- 6 Additional Future Threats and Challenges -- 6.1 Increasing Globalization and Human Population Growth -- 6.2 Climate Change -- 7 Tools and Approaches for the Management of New Changes -- 7.1 Monitoring to Inform Management -- 7.2 Environmental Impact Modeling to Guide Management -- 7.3 Community Involvement and Culture -- 7.4 National Planning -- 7.5 International Water Governance -- 7.6 Coastal Cities -- 7.7 Examples of Arguably the Earth's Last Pristine Catchment to Estuarine Ecosystems -- 8 Changes to Stressors: Responses to Increasing Coastal Populations, Their Environment, and Infrastructure -- 9 Sustainable Solutions -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Acknowledgment -- Section A: Estuaries -- Chapter 2: An Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary, China -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Water Transfer Projects -- 1.2 Three Gorges Dam: Changing Hydrology at Seasonal Scales -- 1.3 Sea Level Rise -- 2 Data Sources and Observation -- 2.1 Discharge Variations -- 2.2 Salinity Variations -- 2.3 Water Diversion -- 2.4 Tide Level. , 3 Discussions -- 3.1 Freshwater Sources-Dry Season Shortage -- 3.2 Salinity Distribution in Relation to Freshwater Availability -- 3.3 Water Diversion-Present and Future Case -- 3.4 Sea Level Rise-Equivalent to Increase in Salinity and Decrease in Discharge -- 4 Future Scenarios -- 5 The Way Forward -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3: Río de la Plata: A Neotropical Estuarine System -- 1 General Introduction -- 1.1 Geographical and Morphological Features -- 1.2 Biodiversity -- 1.3 Management -- 2 Major Anthropogenic Driving Forces at RDLP -- 2.1 Food Supply -- 2.1.1 Agriculture and Livestock -- 2.1.2 Fishing -- 2.2 Marine Traffic -- 3 Minor Drivers: Industry, Urbanization, and Tourism -- 4 The Future of the RdlP Estuary -- References -- Chapter 4: Estuaries and Coastal Zones in the Northern Persian Gulf (Iran) -- 1 Geology and Geomorphology of the Persian Gulf -- 2 Climatic Conditions and Recent Changes -- 3 Hydrology and Circulation in the Persian Gulf -- 4 Biodiversity of the Iranian Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf -- 4.1 Coral Reefs -- 4.2 Mangrove Forests -- 4.3 Phytoplankton Community -- 4.4 Macrobenthic Community -- 5 Anthropogenic Stresses in the Northern Persian Gulf -- 5.1 Oil Pollution -- 5.2 Fisheries and Overfishing -- 6 The Future Changes to the Persian Gulf -- 6.1 Increasing Urban Populations -- 6.2 An Unstable Political Situation -- 6.3 Fisheries and Fish Species Conservation -- 6.4 Impacts of Climate Change on the Persian Gulf Ecosystem -- References -- Chapter 5: Protecting Water Quality in Urban Estuaries: Australian Case Studies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case Study Examples -- 2.1 Port Jackson -- 2.2 Gold Coast Broadwater (Southern Moreton Bay) -- 2.3 Ross River Estuary -- 3 Considerations and Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Management of Megafauna in Estuaries and Coastal Waters: Moreton Bay as a Case Study. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Moreton Bay: A Megafauna Case Study -- 3 Moreton Bay-Physical Characteristics -- 4 Moreton Bay Megafauna -- 4.1 Sea Turtles -- 4.2 Dugongs -- 4.3 Whales and Dolphins -- 4.4 Humpback Whales -- 4.5 Southern Right Whales -- 4.6 Dolphins -- 5 Protective Measures for Moreton Bay Megafauna -- 5.1 Protective Legislation -- 5.2 Management of Water Quality -- 5.3 Monitoring Population Size and Trends -- 5.4 Health Assessment of Wildlife -- 6 The Future -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Peel-Harvey Estuary, Western Australia -- 1 Overview -- 2 The Peel-Harvey System -- 3 Historical Socio-Ecological Developments -- 4 Estuary Responses Over Recent Decades -- 4.1 Hydrology and Water Quality -- 4.2 Sediment Condition -- 4.3 Submerged and Fringing Vegetation -- 4.4 Benthic Macroinvertebrates -- 4.5 Fish -- 5 Current Socio-Ecological Characteristics -- 5.1 Catchment Land Use -- 5.2 Estuary Condition -- 5.3 Socioeconomic System -- 5.4 Management and Science -- 6 Looking Forward -- 6.1 Population Growth -- 6.2 Climate and Hydrology Predictions -- 6.3 Ecological Responses -- 6.4 Strategies to Mitigate Impacts of a Drying Trend -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section B: Deltas -- Chapter 8: Arctic Deltas and Estuaries: A Canadian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sediment Balance and Delta Stability -- 1.2 Arctic Estuaries -- 2 Environmental Forcing -- 2.1 Crustal Motion -- 2.2 Ice in Arctic Deltas -- 2.2.1 Permafrost and Ground Ice -- 2.2.2 Snow, Ice, and Arctic Runoff Hydrology -- 2.2.3 Sea Ice -- 2.2.4 Glacial Ice and Ice Shelves -- 2.2.5 Vegetation -- 3 Arctic Estuaries and Deltas -- 3.1 Fjords -- 3.2 Proglacial Deltas in Fjords -- 3.3 Incised Terraced Deltas on Low-Relief Coasts -- 3.4 Breached-Lake Estuaries of the Arctic Coastal Plain -- 3.5 Small Transgressive Deltas. , 3.6 Large Transgressive Deltas -- 3.6.1 Spring Breakup Flooding -- 3.6.2 Storm-Surge Flooding -- 3.6.3 Potential for Delta Inundation -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Arctic Tidewater Ice Fronts and Ice Shelves -- 4.2 Arctic Deltas -- 4.3 Sediment Supply -- 4.4 Vulnerability to Environmental Change -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Delta Winners and Losers in the Anthropocene -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Framework for Understanding the Development, Functioning, and Sustainability of Deltas and the Role of Energetic Forci ... -- 3 Perspectives on Delta Sustainability -- 4 Impact of Climate Change and Resource Scarcity on Deltas -- 5 Classification of Delta Types in Relationship to Sustainability -- 6 Delta Winners and Losers-Sustainability of Individual Deltas -- 7 Sustainability of Individual Deltas -- 8 Asian Deltas -- 8.1 Yangtze (Changjiang) -- 8.2 Mekong -- 8.3 Ganges -- 8.4 Other Indian Deltas -- 8.5 Mahanadi -- 8.6 Godavari-Krishna -- 8.7 Cauvery -- 8.8 Indus -- 9 European and African Deltas -- 9.1 Mediterranean Deltas -- 9.2 The Nile -- 9.3 Senegal and Pangani Deltas -- 9.4 Danube -- 9.5 Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt -- 10 American Deltas -- 10.1 Mississippi Delta -- 10.2 Usumacinta-Grijalva Delta -- 10.3 Rio de la Plata and the Parana Delta -- 10.4 Mackenzie Delta -- 11 Ranking Sustainability -- 12 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Mississippi Delta Restoration and Protection: Shifting Baselines, Diminishing Resilience, and Growing Nonsusta ... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Development of the Delta -- 3 Deterioration of the Delta -- 4 Global Change Constraints on Coastal Protection and Restoration -- 5 Coastal Protection and Restoration -- 6 Coastal Protection and Restoration in a Climate-Challenged, Energy-Scarce Future -- 6.1 Flood and Storm Protection -- 6.2 Hurricane Surge and Waves -- 6.3 The Mississippi River. , 6.4 Flooding Due to Extremely Heavy Rainfall -- 6.5 A Truly Sustainable New Orleans -- 7 Moving Forward on Coastal Protection -- 7.1 Managed Retreat -- 7.2 Delta Restoration -- 7.3 River Diversions-Crevasses, Large Diversions, Reactivated Distributaries -- 7.4 Marsh Creation -- 7.5 Abandonment of Lower Delta -- 7.6 The Atchafalaya River Delta Region-An Underused Resource -- 7.7 The Chenier Plain-Potential for Sustainable Management -- 7.8 Coastal Forested Wetlands-A Vanishing Resource -- 7.9 Wasted Freshwater Resources -- 7.10 Restoration of Basin Inputs -- 8 Shifting Baselines and Diminishing Resilience -- 9 Comprehensive Planning-The Importance of Global Change -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11: Integrated Management of the Ganges Delta, India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Ganges and the GBM Delta -- 1.1.1 Ganges Basin -- 1.1.2 River Flow -- 1.1.3 Sediment Discharge -- 1.1.4 GBM Delta -- 1.1.5 The Ganges Delta -- 1.2 Challenges in the Ganges Delta -- 2 Upstream Effects -- 2.1 Water Flows -- 2.2 Sediment Transport -- 2.3 Impacts of Changes in Water and Sediment Transport Regimes on the Ganges Delta -- 3 Coastal Effects -- 3.1 Floods and Inundation -- 3.2 SLR and Delta Subsidence -- 3.3 Coastal Erosion -- 3.4 Impacts of Coastal Effects on the Ganges Delta -- 3.5 Anthropogenic Challenges -- 3.5.1 Population Pressures -- 3.5.2 Land Use Change -- 3.5.3 Livelihoods -- 3.5.4 Pollution -- 3.5.5 Anthropogenic Impacts on the Delta -- 3.6 Integrated Management of the Ganges delta -- 3.6.1 The Interrelated Cascading Impacts -- 3.6.2 Delta Sustainability and Integrated Management -- 4 Conclusions -- Annex 1 -- Facts and Figures and Pollution Status Along the Coast of West Bengal with Particular Reference to the Ganges Delta -- Harmful Algal Blooms -- References -- Chapter 12: The Indus Delta-Catchment, River, Coast, and People. , 1 Origin of the River.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introductory Quotation -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction: Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta -- Introduction -- Outline of Chapters -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta -- Chapter 2. The Once and Future Delta -- Chapter 3. How Deltas Work: A Brief Look at the Mississippi River Delta in a Global Context -- Chapter 4. The Last Naturally Active Delta Complexes of the Mississippi River (LNDM): Discovery and Implications -- Chapter 5. Adapting to Change in the Lowermost Mississippi River : Implications for Navigation, Flood Control and Restoration of the Delta Ecosystem -- Chapter 6. Using What We Have: Optimizing Sediment Management in Mississippi River Delta Restoration to Improve the Economic Viability of the Nation -- Chapter 7. Fisheries in a Changing Delta -- Chapter 8. The Influence of Nutrients on the Coastal Wetlands of the Mississippi Delta -- Chapter 9. Complexities of Resilience: Adaptation and Change within Human Communities of Coastal Louisiana -- Chapter 10. The Importance of Mississippi Delta Restoration on the Local and National Economies -- Chapter 11. The Threats to the Value of Ecosystem Goods and Services of the Mississippi Delta -- Chapter 12. The Impact of Global Climate Change and Energy Scarcity on Mississippi Delta Restoration -- Chapter 13. Summary and Conclusions: The Cost of Inaction and the Need for Urgency -- References -- The Once and Future Delta -- The Baseline -- A Shifting Baseline -- The Anthropocene in the Mississippi River Delta -- Change in Worldview -- Primum Non Nocere -- Ignorance-Based Versus Knowledge-Based World Views -- Impediments to System Restoration -- Deep Draft Navigation -- Fisheries -- Communities -- A Narrative of Denial -- There is Not Enough Sediment. , There is Not Enough Time -- Conclusion: The Very Ground We Stand On -- References -- How Deltas Work: A Brief Look at the Mississippi River Delta in a Global Context -- A Primer on Deltas -- Delta Dynamics: Natural vs. Engineered -- History of Development of the Mississippi River Delta -- References -- The Last Naturally Active Delta Complexes of the Mississippi River (LNDM): Discovery and Implications -- Introduction -- The Critical Discrepancy in Louisiana's Coastal Restoration Plan -- Our Objectives and Hypotheses -- Chaves' Authority -- Frazier's Authority and Deficiencies -- Materials and Methods -- Translation and Examination of Chaves -- Statistical Test of Hypothesis 1(Chaves' Latitudes) -- Statistical Test of Hypothesis 2 (Chaves' League) -- Test of Hypothesis 3 (Chaves' LNDM Candidates) -- Test of Hypothesis 4 (Locating Chaves' LNDM) -- Test of Hypothesis 5 (Conformity of Record) -- Test of Hypothesis 6 (Conformity to Chronostratigraphic Model) -- Results -- Hypothesis 1 (Chaves' Latitudes) -- Hypothesis 2 (Chaves' League) -- Hypothesis 3 (Chaves' LNDM Candidates) -- Hypothesis 4 (Locating Chaves' LNMD) -- Hypothesis 5 (Conformity of Record) -- Barroto 1686 -- Iberville, 1699 -- Evía and Dumain, 1785-1807 -- General Consistency of the Protohistoric and Colonial Record -- Hypothesis 6 (Conformity to Chronostratigraphic Model) -- Viewing the LNDM -- Implications -- Sustainable Benchmarks for Restoring Coastal Louisiana -- The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Temporary Sand Berms -- Berms to Barriers -- The Plan is not an Exception -- Re-evaluating Our Basic Understanding of the Americas -- Epilogue: Barrier Island Restoration: Are the Plan's efforts working? -- References -- Adapting to Change in the Lowermost Mississippi River: Implications for Navigation, Flood Control and Restoration of the Delta Ecosystem -- Introduction. , Geologic and Historical Setting -- Deltaic Geology -- Rise and Fall of the Plaquemines-Balize Delta -- USACE Management of the LMMR -- Twentieth Century River Engineering -- Old River Control Structures and Sediment Transport -- Navigation Dredging -- LMMR Channel Response to Engineered Modifications -- Land-Loss and Restoration in the Mississippi River Delta -- Deep- and Shallow-Draft Navigation on the LMMR -- 1973 and 2011 Floods and 2012 Low Flow -- LMMR Hydraulics -- Conclusion -- References -- Using What We Have: Optimizing Sediment Management in Mississippi River Delta Restoration to Improve the Economic Viability of the Nation -- Introduction -- Sediment Availability and the Delta Cycle -- Sediment Deposition -- River Diversions -- Types of River Diversions -- Case Studies -- Wax Lake Delta -- Cubits Gap Subdelta -- Caernarvon Diversion -- Bonnet Carre Spillway -- West Bay Delta -- Timescales and Components of Delta/Subdelta Development -- Significance of Events -- Diversion Design and Operation -- References -- Fisheries in a Changing Delta -- Introduction -- Trends In Louisiana Fisheries -- The Future of Louisiana Fisheries-Examples from Other Deltaic Ecosystems -- The Way Forward-Ecosystem Restoration and Louisiana Fisheries -- References -- The Influence of Nutrients on the Coastal Wetlands of the Mississippi Delta -- Introduction -- The Fate of Nitrogen -- Effects on Productivity and Community -- Effects on Belowground Biomass-Empirical Studies -- Biomass Partitioning-The Theory -- Effects on Sediment Organic Matter -- Summary -- References -- Complexities of Resilience: Adaptation and Change within Human Communities of Coastal Louisiana -- Introduction -- Twenty Years of Population Change -- Population Change in Plaquemines Parish -- Population Change in St. Bernard Parish -- Pathways Forward. , Staying in Place but With Major Structural/Spatial/Physical Community Changes -- In Place Response of Adaptation/Mitigation/Non-Structural -- Long Commutes for Harvesters and Seasonal Use of the Coast -- Relocation -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- The Importance of Mississippi Delta Restoration on the Local and National Economies -- Introduction -- Standard Indices of Economic Activity for Louisiana -- Fisheries -- Other Natural Resource-Dependent Activities -- Tourism -- Oil and Gas -- Agriculture -- Ports -- Transportation -- Value of Ecosystem Services -- Water Supply -- Water Quality (Nutrient Regulation) -- Fisheries Production -- Raw Materials: Wild Fur and Alligator Production -- Carbon Sequestration -- Recreation -- Storm Protection -- Water Flow Regulation -- Habitat Refugium -- Low-cost Transportation -- Investment Required for Coastal Restoration -- Present Cost of Inaction -- Coastal Restoration is an Investment in Communities -- The Ability of Restoration to Improve the Economic Viability of the Nation -- Navigation and Mississippi River Commerce -- Flood Control and Disaster-Response Costs -- Energy Production -- Fisheries and Wildlife -- Status Quo Costs -- Accounting for Natural Capital -- Conclusions -- References -- The Threats to the Value of Ecosystem Goods and Services of the Mississippi Delta -- Introduction -- Ecosystem Services -- Valuation -- Objectives -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methods -- Mississippi River Delta Ecosystem Services -- Water Supply -- Water Quality (Nutrient Regulation) -- Fisheries Production -- Raw Materials: Wild Fur and Alligator Production -- Carbon Sequestration -- Recreation -- Storm Protection (Disturbance Regulation) -- Other Wetland Ecosystem Values -- Water Flow Regulation: Flood Protection -- Habitat Refugium -- Upland Ecosystems -- Restoration Scenarios. , Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- The Impact of Global Climate Change and Energy Scarcity on Mississippi Delta Restoration -- Introduction -- Climate Change -- Energy -- Summary -- References -- Summary and Conclusions: The Cost of Inaction and the Need for Urgency -- Introduction -- Cost of Restoration -- Final Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Index.

Note: COVER -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- PART I - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES -- INTRODUCTION -- A -- B -- C -- E -- G -- H -- L -- M -- O -- P -- S -- PART II - ENVIRONMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- K -- L -- P -- S -- U -- V -- PART III - PARADIGMS/CONCEPTS -- INTRODUCTION -- B -- C -- D -- E -- G -- H -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- PART IV - PROCES PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS -- INTRODUCTION -- A -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- L -- M -- N -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- W -- PART V - SCALES AND TECHNIQUES -- INTRODUCTION -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- PART VI - ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -- INTRODUCTION -- A -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- W -- Z -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface to the Day and Erdman Text -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction - Changing Conditions in the Mississippi Delta from 1700 to 2100 and Beyond: Avoiding Folly -- No Living Memory - Paradise Lost -- Background for This Book -- Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta -- Changing Course: A Bold and Pragmatic Future -- Context of the Competition -- The Future Is Now -- References -- A Brief History of Delta Formation and Deterioration -- Formation of the Mississippi Delta -- Deterioration of the Mississippi Delta -- Mississippi River Water Quality Changes and Offshore Hypoxia -- Wetland Loss in the Twentieth Century -- Hydrologic Alteration -- Human Induced Subsidence -- Sea-Level Rise -- Long-Term Water Level Cycles -- Species Conversion as a Measure of Climate Change -- References -- Levees and the Making of a Dysfunctional Floodplain -- The Levee Compulsion, 1718-1927 -- Controlled Connections for Flood Control -- Restoring Connections to Wetlands -- Conclusions -- References -- The Nutria in Louisiana: A Current and Historical Perspective -- Nutria in Louisiana Wetlands: A Current and Historical Perspective -- Introduction -- A Short History of the Nutria in Louisiana -- Reproductive Potential of Nutria -- Movements, Home Range, Dispersal -- Habitat Preferences -- Food Selection -- Nutria Grazing Impacts to Coastal Louisiana Wetlands -- Nutria Biomass Consumption Relative to Marsh Production -- Historical Nutria Abundance Estimates -- Contemporary Harvest of Nutria as an Indication of Abundance -- Habitat Type -- Region -- Methods to Control Nutria Populations -- Nutria Population Control at Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge -- Coastwide Nutria Control Program -- CNCP Nutria-Damaged Marsh Distribution -- CNCP Program Success. , The Importance of Alligators as Predators on Nutria -- Summary -- References -- Optimum Use of Fresh Water to Restore Baldcypress - Water Tupelo Swamps and Freshwater Marshes and Protect Against Salt Water ... -- Introduction and Statement of the Problem -- Restoring and Maintaining Baldcypress-Water Tupelo Swamps and Freshwater Marshes -- Sources of Fresh Water to the Pontchartrain Basin -- Local River Input -- Freshwater Diversions -- Un-gauged Non-point Source Runoff -- Direct Rainfall on Wetlands Surrounding Lake Pontchartrain -- Storm Water Pumps -- Treated Municipal Effluent -- Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants -- Decentralized Treatment systems -- Wetland Assimilation -- GIS Analysis of Freshwater Resources -- Water Budgets -- Hydrological Restoration -- Other Issues -- References -- Energy and Climate - Global Trends and Their Implications for Delta Restoration -- Introduction -- Climate Change -- What Is Climate Change? -- Anthropogenic Effects - Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect -- Risks of Climate Change -- Temperature Rise -- Sea-Level Rise -- Tropical Storms and Hurricanes -- Increase in Mississippi River Discharge -- Other Extreme Weather Events -- Implications for the Mississippi River Delta and Coastal Louisiana -- Energy -- World Energy Production and Consumption -- Future Production of Fossil Fuels -- Resource Availability -- Resource Accessibility -- The Future of Energy -- Nonconventional Oil and Gas Substitutes -- Renewable Energy -- Implications for Coastal Louisiana -- Conclusions -- References -- The Costs and Sustainability of Ongoing Efforts to Restore and Protect Louisiana´s Coast -- Coastal Restoration and Protection in Louisiana -- Objectives and Overview -- Review of Recent Coastal Restoration and Protection Policies -- Coevolution of the Coastal Master Plan and Numerical Models -- Restoration Projects. , Trends in Restoration Funding and Allocation -- From Planning to Project Completion -- Tradeoffs of Land Building Approaches -- Hydraulic Dredging (Marsh Creation and Dune Restoration) -- River Diversions -- Comparing the Options -- Sustainable Steps Forward for the Mississippi Delta -- Financial Constraints -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Large Infrequently Operated River Diversions for Mississippi Delta Restoration -- Introduction: Historical Perspective -- Existing Natural and Artificial Diversions as Models -- Major Delta Lobe Development vs. Crevasse Formation -- Benefits of Large Infrequent Diversions -- The Relative Costs of Restoration -- Issues Related to Diversions: Inundation, Salinity, Fisheries, and Water Quality -- Inundation -- Flooding Threat to Human Infrastructure -- Sediment Retention and Consolidation -- Salinity -- Fisheries -- Water Quality -- Nutrients Cause Marsh Deterioration -- Implications of Climate Change and Energy Scarcity for Coastal Restoration -- Climate Change -- Energy Scarcity -- Summary -- Investigation 1: A Large, Intermittent River Diversion into the Maurepas Swamp -- Investigation 2: The Impacts of Oil Price and Suspended Sediments on Marsh Creation Costs -- Literature Cited -- References for Addendum -- Raising Urban Land: Historical Perspectives on Adaptation -- Introduction -- Human Adaptations to Wetlands in Louisiana -- Draining and Building Land Beyond Louisiana -- Changing the Urban Alignment -- Raising New Orleans -- Environmental Equity and Citizen Engagement -- Conclusions -- References -- Raising Buildings: The Resilience of Elevated Structures -- Introduction -- Louisiana Response to Building -- Elevated Structures: Foundations -- Elevated Structures: Access -- Stairs -- Ramps -- Elevators -- Amphibious Structures -- Building Materials -- Risk -- The Civics of Individual Buildings. , Conclusion -- References -- Raising New Orleans: The Marais Design Strategy -- Introduction -- The Marais Design Strategy -- Conclusions -- References -- Eroding Communities and Diverting Populations: Historical Population Dynamics in Coastal Louisiana -- Introduction -- Defining and Measuring Resilience as a Factor in Population Change -- Importance of Understanding Historical Resilience and Population Dynamics -- Resilience and Recovery in Coastal Louisiana -- Historical Changes in Social Vulnerability -- Historical Population Change and Transitions -- Increasing Adaptive Capacity -- References -- Developing Legal Strategies for a Sustainable Coast -- Introduction -- National Flood Insurance Program -- Eminent Domain -- State Powers - ``Kelo Issues´´ -- Federal Programs That Affect Relocation -- Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act (URA) -- Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act (GOMESA), and the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Reviv... -- Discussion -- Moving Forward -- Third Party Standards/Private Regulation -- Summary and Conclusions -- Final Summary -- References -- Index.

Note: A Wiley-Interscience publication

Note: IntroductionManifest Destiny and the Growth of America: Cheap Energy and Spending Natural Capital -- The Myth of Urban Self Sufficiency -- A Tale of Twelve Cities and Ten Regions -- The Wealth of Nature is the Wealth of Nations: Ecosystem Services and Their Value to Society -- Global Climate Change: A Warmer and More Unpredictable Future -- Energy - The Master Resource -- Feeding America’s Cities: Putting Food on the Table in the 21st Century -- Moving Away From a Ptolemic View of the Human Economy -- Revisiting the Cities and Regions -- Summing It Up: Alternative Routes for the Way Forward. .