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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moratorium call (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 334 (1988), S. 560-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-We read with deep concern the letter by Braude et al (Nature 332,459-460; 1988) regarding the activation of the human embryonic genome. We feel that in this study the ethical bounds of scientific work have been overstepped. Although biologists have developed techniques to manipulate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334560b0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of hypaxial muscle development (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Somite patterning ; Hypaxial muscles ; Cell migration ; Pax3 ; cMet ; Lbx1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The majority of skeletal muscles in higher vertebrates are hypaxial and stem from the lateral lip of the dermomyotomes. Various external signals converge on the dorsolateral quadrant of the somite to specify the hypaxial muscle precursors, to discriminate between migratory and non-migratory cells and to allow delamination of precursors destined for long-range migration. Within the somite, Pax3 acts as upstream regulator of hypaxial muscle development. Downstream targets are cMet and Lbx1, which may independently control identity, differentiation and motility of migratory muscle precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051278
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Reactive nitrogen requirements to feed the world in 2050 and potential to mitigate nitrogen pollution (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-15
    Description: Article As global population and food demand rises, it is increasingly unclear how reactive nitrogen pollution will be mitigated. Bodirsky et al. run a series of model simulations and show that even under ambitious mitigation, reactive nitrogen pollution is likely to exceed critical environmental thresholds in the year 2050. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4858 Authors: Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Alexander Popp, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Susanne Rolinski, Isabelle Weindl, Christoph Schmitz, Christoph Müller, Markus Bonsch, Florian Humpenöder, Anne Biewald, Miodrag Stevanovic
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Trade-offs between land and water requirements for large-scale bioenergy production (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Bioenergy is expected to play an important role in the future energy mix as it can substitute fossil fuels and contribute to climate change mitigation. However, large-scale bioenergy cultivation may put substantial pressure on land and water resources. While irrigated bioenergy production can reduce the pressure on land due to higher yields, associated irrigation water requirements may lead to degradation of freshwater ecosystems and to conflicts with other potential users. In this article, we investigate the trade-offs between land and water requirements of large-scale bioenergy production. To this end, we adopt an exogenous demand trajectory for bioenergy from dedicated energy crops, targeted at limiting greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector to 1100 Gt carbon dioxide equivalent until 2095. We then use the spatially explicit global land- and water-use allocation model MAgPIE to project the implications of this bioenergy target for global land and water resources. We find that producing 300 EJ yr −1 of bioenergy in 2095 from dedicated bioenergy crops is likely to double agricultural water withdrawals if no explicit water protection policies are implemented. Since current human water withdrawals are dominated by agriculture and already lead to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, such a doubling will pose a severe threat to freshwater ecosystems. If irrigated bioenergy production is prohibited to prevent negative impacts of bioenergy cultivation on water resources, bioenergy land requirements for meeting a 300 EJ yr −1 bioenergy target increase substantially (+ 41%) – mainly at the expense of pasture areas and tropical forests. Thus, avoiding negative environmental impacts of large-scale bioenergy production will require policies that balance associated water and land requirements.
    Print ISSN: 1757-1693
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-1707
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Water, Vol. 8, Pages 252: Effects of Data and Model Simplification on the Results of a Wetland Water Resource Management Model (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: This paper presents the development of a wetland water balance model for use in a large river basin with many different wetlands. The basic model was primarily developed for a single wetland with a complex water management system involving large amounts of specialized input data and water management details. The aim was to simplify the model structure and to use only commonly available data as input for the model, with the least possible loss of accuracy. Results from different variants of the model and data adaptation were tested against results from a detailed model. This shows that using commonly available data and unifying and simplifying the input data is tolerable up to a certain level. The simplification of the model has greater effects on the evaluated water balance components than the data adaptation. Because this simplification was necessary for large-scale use, we suggest that, for reasons of comparability, simpler models should always be applied with uniform data bases for large regions, though these should only be moderately simplified. Further, we recommend using these simplified models only for large-scale comparisons and using more specific, detailed models for investigations on smaller scales.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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