Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Alphabetical list of contents -- Notes on contributors -- Preface -- Buddha, fifth century BCE -- Chuang Tzu, fourth century BCE -- Aristotle, 384-322 BCE -- Virgil, 70-19 BCE -- Saint Francis of Assisi, 1181/2-1226 -- Wang Yang-ming, 1472-1528 -- Michel de Montaigne, 1533-92 -- Francis Bacon, 1561-1626 -- Benedict Spinoza, 1632-77 -- Basho, 1644-94 -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-78 -- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832 -- Thomas Robert Malthus, 1766-1834 -- William Wordsworth, 1770-1850 -- John Clare, 1793-1864 -- Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-82 -- Charles Darwin, 1809-82 -- Henry David Thoreau, 1817-62 -- Karl Marx, 1818-83 -- John Ruskin, 1819-1900 -- Frederick Law Olmsted, 1822-1903 -- John Muir, 1838-1914 -- Anna Botsford Comstock, 1854-1930 -- Rabindranath Tagore, 1861-1941 -- Black Elk, 1862-1950 -- Frank Lloyd Wright, 1867-1959 -- Mahatma Gandhi, 1869-1948 -- Albert Schweitzer, 1875-1965 -- Alda Leopold, 1887-1948 -- Robinson Jeffers, 1887-1962 -- Martin Heidegger, 1889-1976 -- Rachel Carson, 1907-64 -- Lynn White, Jr, 1907-87 -- E.P. Schumacher, 1911-77 -- Arne Naess, 1912- -- John Passmore, 1914- -- James Lovelock, 1919- -- Ian McHarg, 1920- -- Murray Bookchin, 1921- -- Edward Osborne Wilson, 1929- -- Paul Ehrlich, 1932- -- Holmes Rolston III, 1932- -- Rudolf Bahro, 1935-7 -- Gro Harlem Brundtland, 1939- -- Val Plumwood, 1939- -- J. Baird Callicott, 1941- -- Susan Griffin, 1943- -- Chico Mendes, 1944-8 -- Peter Singer, 1946- -- Vandana Shiva, 1952-.

Note: Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Notes on contributors -- Editors' preface -- 1 What do we owe future generations? -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- NOTES -- 2 The problem of absolute poverty: What are our moral obligations to the destitute? -- NOTES -- 3 Towards a more humane view of the beasts? -- PUZZLING PREDICAMENT -- THE DETRIBALIZATION OF CONTROVERSY -- THE MEANING OF COMPROMISE -- WHO ARE OUR NEIGHBOURS? -- SCIENTISTS AND THEIR KINDRED -- HOLDING THE SCALES -- NOTES -- 4 The ethics of tourism -- 5 The dumping of radioactive waste in the deep ocean: Scientific advice and ideological persuasion -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLES OF GREENPEACE AND THE NATIONAL UNION OF SEAMEN -- THE TERMS OF REFERENCE AND MEMBERSHIP -- SOME TECHNICAL FEATURES -- WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE WASTE ESCAPES? -- THE BEST PRACTICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL OPTION (BPEO) -- THE ROLE OF NIREX -- CONCLUSIONS -- 6 The ocean environment: Marine development, problems and pollution -- DUMPING AND ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE -- Sewage sludge -- Industrial waste -- Oil pollution -- Rubbish -- Dredged material -- Ocean incineration -- COMMERCIAL FISHING -- COASTAL DISTURBANCE -- GLOBAL WARMING -- MINING -- THE OCEANS AS A SOURCE OF ELECTRIC POWER -- LEGISLATION FOR MARINE AFFAIRS -- NOTE -- 7 Destruction of the rain forests: Principles or practices? -- WHAT IS BEING DESTROYED? -- WHY…AND SO WHAT? -- 8 Environment and water resources in the arid zone -- WATER INPUTS -- RUNOFF AND LAND EROSION -- GROUNDWATER -- IRRIGATION -- TOWARDS WATER RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT -- 9 Air pollution-with special reference to acid rain, the greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion -- MAJOR PROBLEMS OF AIR POLLUTION -- CONTAMINATION OF THE AIR WE BREATHE -- Vehicle emission reduction -- The chemical industry -- THE CREATION OF ACID RAIN -- Rivers and lakes. , Trees -- Buildings -- SO2 removal -- NOx removal -- Liming -- GLOBAL WARMING (THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT) -- DEPLETION OF THE OZONE LAYER -- CONCLUSION -- NOTE -- 10 Challenges in environmental ethics -- RESPECT FOR PLANTS AND ANIMALS -- RESPECT FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES -- RESPECT FOR ECOSYSTEMS -- NOTES -- 11 Responsibility, ethics and nature -- PROLOGUE -- 1 RESPONSIBILITY -- 2 RELIGIOUS RESPONSIBILITY FOR NATURE: THE JUDAEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION -- 3 DERIVED OR PRUDENTIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR NATURE -- 4 ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS -- 5 WHAT A THEORY OF ETHICAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY INVOLVES -- 6 LOVE, CONFLICT, DESIGN -- 7 CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- 12 The idea of environment -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- VI -- VII -- NOTES -- 13 Towards a sustainable future -- 14 Recovering the real meaning of sustainability -- 15 Technological risk: A budget of distinctions -- FACT/VALUE -- VOLUNTARY/INVOLUNTARY -- CONSUMER/CITIZEN -- AUTONOMY/HETERONOMY -- PUBLIC/PRIVATE -- ENGAGED/DETACHED -- NATURAL/ARTIFICIAL -- FAIR/UNFAIR -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- 16 Thinking, believing and persuading: Some issues for environmental activists -- ESTIMATING LIKELIHOODS -- Availability -- Vividness -- EVALUATING ARGUMENTS AND DRAWING CONCLUSIONS -- The belief bias effect -- Confirmation bias -- GROUP DECISION MAKING -- Extreme judgements -- Group collusion -- INFLUENCE AND PERSUASION -- LIVING WITH INCONSISTENCIES -- 17 Rethinking resources -- KEY ISSUES -- DEFINING RESOURCES -- PATTERNS OF USE -- ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING RESOURCE USE -- RETHINKING THE CONCEPT OF 'RESOURCE' -- TOWARDS SYSTEMIC THINKING -- TOWARDS AN ECOLOGY OF RESOURCES -- ETHICAL ISSUES -- TRANSITION -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Alphabetical list of contents -- Notes on contributors -- Preface -- CONFUCIUS, 551-479 BCE -- BUDDHA, FIFTH CENTURY BCE -- ZHUANGZI, c.370-c.286 BCE -- ARISTOTLE, 384-322 BCE -- VIRGIL, 70-19 BCE -- SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI, 1181/2-1226 -- WANG YANG-MING, 1472-1528 -- MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE 1533-1592 -- FRANCIS BACON, 1561-1626 -- BENEDICT SPINOZA, 1632-1677 -- BASHŌ, 1644-1694 -- JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, 1712-1778 -- IMMANUEL KANT, 1724-1804 -- JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE, 1749-1832 -- ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT, 1769-1859 -- WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, 1770-1850 -- JOHN CLARE, 1793-1864 -- RALPH WALDO EMERSON, 1803-1882 -- CHARLES DARWIN, 1809-1882 -- HENRY DAVID THOREAU, 1817-1862 -- KARL MARX, 1818-1883 -- JOHN RUSKIN, 1819-1900 -- FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED, 1822-1903 -- JOHN MUIR, 1838-1914 -- ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, 1854-1930 -- RABINDRANATH TAGORE, 1861-1941 -- BLACK ELK, 1862-1950 -- JAKOB VON UEXKÜLL, 1864-1944 -- FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, 1867-1959 -- MAHATMA GANDHI, 1869-1948 -- ALBERT SCHWEITZER, 1875-1965 -- ALDO LEOPOLD, 1887-1948 -- ROBINSON JEFFERS, 1887-1962 -- MARTIN HEIDEGGER, 1889-1976 -- EVE BALFOUR, 1898-1990 -- RACHEL CARSON, 1907-1964 -- LYNN WHITE, JR, 1907-1987 -- MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY, 1908-1961 -- E.F. SCHUMACHER, 1911-1977 -- JOHN CAGE, 1912-1992 -- ARNE NAESS, 1912-2009 -- JOHN PASSMORE, 1914-2004 -- JUDITH WRIGHT, 1915-2000 -- BARRY COMMONER, 1917-2012 -- JAMES LOVELOCK, 1919- -- MARY MIDGLEY, 1919- -- MURRAY BOOKCHIN, 1921-2006 -- THICH NHAT HANH, 1926- -- EDWARD OSBORNE WILSON, 1929- -- YI-FU TUAN, 1930- -- PAUL EHRLICH, 1932- -- HOLMES ROLSTON III, 1932- -- SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR, 1933- -- WENDELL BERRY, 1934- -- JANE GOODALL, 1934- -- RUDOLF BAHRO, 1935-1997 -- RODERICK NASH, 1939- -- VAL PLUMWOOD, 1939-2008 -- PATRIARCH BARTHOLOMEW, 1940- -- WANGARI MAATHAI, 1940-2011 -- J. BAIRD CALLICOTT, 1941-. , BOB HUNTER, 1941-2005 -- SUSAN GRIFFIN, 1943- -- CHICO MENDES, 1944-1988 -- BARRY LOPEZ, 1945- -- PETER SINGER, 1946- -- AL GORE, 1948- -- VANDANA SHIVA, 1952- -- BILL McKIBBEN, 1960- -- PAVAN SUKHDEV, 1960-.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Foreword / Edward O. Wilson -- Background and Concepts -- 1. Ecological Process Management / P. J. White, Robert A. Garrott, and Glenn E. Plumb -- 2. Understanding the Past: The History of Wildlife and Resource Management in the Greater Yellowstone Area / S. Thomas Olliff, Paul Schullery, Glenn E. Plumb, and Lee H. Whittlesey -- 3. Scale and Perception in Resource Management: Integrating Scientific Knowledge / Matthew S. Becker, Robert A. Garrott, and P. J. White -- Population Dynamics and Interactions Among Species -- 4. Popluation Dynamics: Influence of Resources and Other Factors on Animal Denistry / P.J. White and Kerry A. Gunther -- 5. Predation: Wolf Restoration and the Transition of Yellowstone Elk / P. J. White and Robert A. Garrott -- 6. Competition and Symbiosis: The Indirect Effect of Predation / Robert A. Garrott, Daniel R. Stahler, and P. J. White -- 7. Omnivory and the Terrestrial Food Web: Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Diets / Charles C. Schwartz, Mark A. Haroldson, Kerry A. Gunther, and Charles T. Robbins -- Communities and Landscape-Scale Processes -- 8. Natural Disturbance Dynamics: Shaping the Yellowstone Landscape / David B. McWethy, Wyatt F. Cross, Colden V. Baxter, Cathy Whitlock, and Robert E. Gresswell -- 9. Climate and Vegetation Phenology: Predicting the Effects of Warming Temperatures / Christopher C. Wilmers, Karthik Ram, Fred G. R. Watson, P. J. White, Douglas W. Smith, and Taal Levi -- 10. Migration and Dispersal: Key Processes for Conserving National Parks / P. J. White, Glenn E. Plumb, Rick L. Wallen, and Lisa M. Baril -- 11. Have Wolves Restored Riparian Willows in Northern Yellowstone? / N. Thompson Hobbs and David J. Cooper -- 12. Assessing the Effects of Climate Change and Wolf Restoration on Grassland Processes / Douglas A. Frank, Rick L. Wallen, and P. J. White -- Invasive, Non-Native Species. , 13. Altered Processes and the Demise of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in Yellowstone Lake / Robert E. Gresswell and Lusha M. Tronstad -- 14. Balancing Bison Conservation and Risk Management of the Non-Native Disease Brucellosis / John J. Treanor, P. J. White, and Rick L. Wallen -- 15. Exotic Fugus Acts with Natural Disturbance Agents to Alter Whiteback Pine Communities / S. Thomas Olliff, Roy A. Renkin, Daniel P. Reinhart, Kristin L. Legg, and Emily M. Wellington -- Conclusion -- 16. The Future of Ecological Process Management / P. J. White, Robert A. Garrott, and Glenn E. Plumb -- Reference List -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Valence Bond Theory -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. A Short History of VB Theory -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History: PreWWII -- 3. History: PostWWII and Automatic Computation -- 4. Early Ideas -- 5. Acknowledgment -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 2. Modern Valence-Bond Description of Gas-Phase Pericyclic Reactions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spin-Coupled Approach -- 3. Overview of CASVB -- 4. Pericyclic Reactions -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Complete Active Space Valence Bond (CASVB) Method and its Application to Chemical Reactions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of CASVB Method -- 3. Application to Chemical Reactions -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. TURTLE - A Gradient VBSCF Program. Theory and Studies of Aromaticity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wavefunction Optimisation -- 3. Expressions for the Energy and its Derivatives -- 4. Program -- 5. Applications -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Generalized Multistructural Method: Theoretical Foundations and Applications -- Abstract -- 1. Theoretical Foundations -- 2. Applications -- 3. Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. A Spin-Free Approach for Valence Bond Theory and its Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bonded Tableau Valence Bond Approach -- 3. Paired-Permanent-Determinant Algorithm for Nonorthogonal Valence Bond Method -- 4. Xiamen-99 - an Ab Initio Spin-Free Valence Bond Program -- 5. Applications -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. BOVB - A Valence Bond Method Incorporating Static and Dynamic Electron Correlation Effects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Electron Correlation in VB Theory -- 3. The Breathing Orbital Valence Bond Method -- 4. Summary and conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8. The Biorthogonal Valence Bond Method. , 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles of Biorthogonal Valence Bond Theory -- 3. Illustrative Calculations -- 4. Applications -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Recent Development of the SCVB Method -- 1. Introduction -- 2. SC Approach -- 3. SCVB -- 4. SCVB* -- 5. MR-SCVB* Approach -- 6. Applications of SCVB* and MR-SCVB* -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. The Generalized Multiconfiguration Spin-Coupled Method, STO Optimization, and the Electronic Structure of BH3 in its Ground State -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The GMCSC Method -- 3. The Need for Multiconfiguration Descriptions of the Electronic Structure -- 4. The Electronic Structure of BH3 (1Ai) -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11. Ab Initio Computational Approaches to Weakly Interacting Systems in the Framework of the Valence Bond Theory: From Small to Large van der Waals Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Examples of Applications -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Valence Bond Structures for Some Molecules with Four Singly-Occupied Active-Space Orbitals: Electronic Structures, Reaction Mechanisms, Metallic Orbitals -- 1. Singlet and Triplet Spin Wavefunctions for Four Singly- Occupied Active Space Orbitals -- 2. Valence Bond Considerations for HCNO -- 3. ONC-CNO and Isoelectronic Molecules -- 4. Some Other Singlet-Spin Conservation Reactions -- 5. O2(S = 1) + 2X(S = 1/2) -> -- XO2X(S = 0) or O2(S = 1) + Y(S = 1) -> -- YO2(S = 0) -- 6. Electron Conduction in Alkali Metals -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 13. The Spin-Free Valence Bond Method: Applications to Metallic and Electron Rich Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Insulator to Metal Transition in Hydrogen Under Pressure -- 3. Study of the Electronic Structure of Anionic Lithium Clusters. , 4. Study of the Electronic Structure of Neutral Lithium Clusters -- 5. Study of the Stability of Lithium Clusters -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14. VB Analysis of Wavefunctions Calculated for Chemical Reactions in Solution -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solvent Effect -- 3. Two Electron - Two Centre Bond Breaking -- 4. Four Electron - Three Centre Rearrangements -- 5. Elementary Processes Involving More Than Four Electrons -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 15. Resonating Valence-Bond Theories for Carbon л-Networks and Classical/Quantum Connections -- 1. Introductory Historical Survey -- 2. Theoretic Framework -- 3. Hierarchy of VB Models -- 4. Enumeration of Kekulé Structures -- 5. Conjugated Circuits Theory -- 6. Miscellanous Qualitative Approaches -- 7. Prognosis & -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 16. Clar's л-Aromatic Sextet Revisited -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Innate Degree of Freedom of Kekulé Structures -- 3. On Superposition of Kekulé Structures -- 4. Novel Definition of Clar Structures -- 5. On Generalized Clar Structures -- 6. On Construction of k-Clar Structures -- 7. Illustration of k-Clar Structures for Smaller Benzenoid Hydrocarbons -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 17. A Valence Bond View of Fullerenes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hüickel Versus Valence Bond Pi Electron Models -- 3. Conjugated Circuit Results -- 4. Heisenberg Calculations -- 5. Hubbard Calculations -- 6. PPP Calculations -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18. Valence-Bond Calculations and Their Applications to Medium-Sized Conjugated Hydrocarbons -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Applications to the π-Conjugated Molecules -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19. Symmetric Group Approach to the Theory of Heisenberg Lattices -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Definitions. , 3. The Model Hamiltonian -- 4. The Heisenberg Hamiltonian -- 5. Spectral Density Distributions -- 6. Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 20. Valence Bond Theory of Quantum Cell Models -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The VB Basis -- 3. The Eigenvalue Problem -- 4. Dynamical Properties of Interacting Models -- 5. л-Electronic Structure of Conjugated Molecules -- 6. Conjugated Polymers -- 7. Neutral-Ionic Transition in Organic Charge-transfer Salts -- 8. Kondo Chains and Magnetic Clusters -- 9. Ferromagnetism in Organic Systems -- 10. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21. Spin Permutation Technique in the Theory of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cyclic Spin Permutation Formalism for Hubbard Model with Infinite Repulsion -- 3. Effective Hamiltonians for the Lattices Formed by Weakly Interacted Segments -- 4. Emery Model -- References -- Chapter 22. Many Body VB Ansätze. From Polymers and Ladder Materials to the Square Lattice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantum Antiferromagnetic Spin-½ Strips -- 3. Model Hamiltonians for Quantum Spin-½ Strips -- 4. The Néel-State-Based Cluster-Expanded Ansätze -- 5. The Resonating-Valence-Bond Ansätze -- 6. The Ground State Energy -- 7. Results and Discussion -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 23. Exact Ground State of One- and Two-Dimensional Frustrated Quantum Spin Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Zigzag Spin Model -- 3. Spin Ladder Model -- 4. Valence-Bond-State Models -- 5. Electronic Models -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Index.