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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of matrix graft modification using acrylic acid on the PP/Mg(OH)2 composites and its possible mechanism (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 7 (2000), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Polypropylene ; Acrylic acid ; Matrix graft modification ; Magnesium hydroxide ; Flame retardant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The matrix graft modification using an acrylic acid (AAc) was employed on the polypropylene/Mg(OH)2 flame-retardant composite. The graft modification of PP matrix was carried out via an in-situ reactive extrusion by a twin-screw extruder. The tensile strength of the composites was analyzed using an equation developed by Pukanszky from which both matrix tensile strength σ0 and interfacial adhesion strength were found to be increased. The enhancement of σ0 is due to the intermolecular crosslinking of PP by AAc grafting. This crosslinking causes increases of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, impact resistance, and thermal resistance, but decreases the elongation at break of the composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0099-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of N-(4-carboxyphenyl)maleimide with acrylonitrile and the properties of its membrane (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 7 (2000), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: N-(4-Carboxyphenyl)maleimide ; Acrylonitrile ; Monomer reactivity ratios ; Q, e Scheme ; Pervaporation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract N-(4-Carboxyphenyl)maleimide (N-4-CPMI, M1) was copolymerized with acrylonitrile (AN, M2) to prepare the copolymer. The monomer reactivity ratios and Alfrey-Price Q, e values were determined as r1 = 0.56, r2 = 0.84, Q 1 = 2.0, Q 2 = 0.6 and e 1 = 2.06, e 2 = 1.2. The membrane of copolymer containing 0.25% CPMI had a good tensile property (67.3 MPa). The 0.75 mole% membrane had an excellent selectivity factor (α = 45.3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0127-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surface treatment of carbon fiber on the electrical and mechanical properties of high-impact polystyrene composite (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 2 (1995), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Carbon fiber ; Polyurethane ; Coupling agent ; High impact polystyrene ; Electromagnetic interference ; Shielding effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Carbon fiber (CF), PU(polyurethane)-coated carbon fiber (CF-PU) and Ni-coated fiber (NCF) treated with a coupling agent (CA) were used to prepare composites for high impact polystyrene (HIPS) by melt blending. The optimum concentration of the titanate CA is 1.5 phf (per hundred parts of filler) when coupled with the carbon fibers. A composite prepared by adding a CA directly into the matrix which was then reinforced with fibers was investigated for comparison. These composites were evaluated for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, dispersion, and adhesion between the polymer and the filler by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of CA generally improved the shielding effectiveness; this is especially apparent when the matrix was pretreated with CA before compounding with the fibers. The tensile properties were also improved upon CA addition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01493207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of maleimide capped polyurethane/allyl novolac resin AB crosslinked polymers (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 4 (1997), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: AB crosslinked polymer ; Polyurethane ; Maleimide ; Allyl novolacs ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To improve the miscibility and tensile strength of the ABCPs material, we conducted a study in which maleimide end-capped polyurethane was prepared from the PU prepolymer and maleimide by reacting 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO), whose molecular weights were Mn=600∼700 (PA650), Mn=900∼1050 (PA1000) and Mn=1900∼2100 (PA2000). AB crosslinked polymers (ABCPs), synthesized from the PU prepolymer and the novolac resin, were studied. The study confirmed the occurrence of phase mixing. Further investigation through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the tensile strength and phase mixing were,improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0023-1
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of electroconductive acrylonitrile grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) modified nembrane (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Graft copolymer ; Poly(vinylalcohol) ; Acrylonitrile graft copolymer ; Electroconductivity ; Photoconductivity ; Metal chelated film
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract PVA-g-AN was prepared, the yield and the graft efficiency were determined. A PVA-g-AN metal chelated film was then prepared by mixing and soaking methods, separately. After treatment with NaBH4 aqueous solution or H2S gas, the electrical and photoconductive properties were investigated. In order to increase the adsorption amount for metal ion in the soaking method, the amidoxime group was introduced into the PVA-g-AN film in various conditions. The proposed structures of the metal chelated PVA-g-AN films were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378591
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of liquid mixtures by using polymer membranes. II. Water-alcohol separation by pervaporation through porous PVA membranesPart 1 cf.25. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 157-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde das Permeations- und Trennverhalten von Alkohol/Wasser-Systemen durch poröse PVA-Membranen untersucht. PVA-Membranen mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl und Große von Poren wurden über Mischungen in Lösung mit verschiedenen synthetisierten Polymeren und Copolymeren, wie Polyacrylsäure, Polyacrylnitril, Polyacrylamid, Poly(Methylmethacrylat-co-Maleinsäureanhydrid) etc., anschließendes Gießen von Filmen und Extraktion der Polymeren oder Copolymeren durch Lösungsmittel hergestellt. Die Abhängigkeit der Durchlässigkeit und Trennwirkung von der Größe und Form der permeierenden Moleköle wurde qualitativ diskutiert. Des weiteren wurde die Selektivität der Trennwirkung in Abhangigkeit von der Zusammensetzung von Alkohol/Wasser-Gemischen und von der Größe und Anzahl der Poren untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Selektivität von der Menge und dem Molekulargewicht der in die Membranen eingebrachten Polymeren abhängt. Wenn der Gewichtsanteil des verwendeten Polymeren größer als 0,1 war, permeierte bevorzugt der Alkoholanteil bei methanolischen Msungen, wobei der Trennfaktor mit steigender Methanolkonzentration anstieg. In Gemischen mit anderen Alkoholen zeigten die Membranen andererseits eine selektive Durchlässigkeit für Wasser. Der Einfluß der Versuchsbedingungen wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: The permeation and separation characteristics of alcohol/water systems through porous PVA membranes were investigated. Porous PVA membranes with different pore size and number were prepared by solution blending of PVA with several synthesized polymers or copolymers, such as polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, and methylmethacrylate-co-maleic anhydride, etc. Then casting, and finally extracting the blended polymers or copolymers by solvent from the membranes. The dependency of both permeation and separation on the molecular size and shape of the permeating species was dicussed qualitatively. Moreover, the permselectivity was investigated with attention to the feed composition of alcohol/water mixture and the effect of pore size and number. The selectivity was found to depend on the weight ratio and the molecular weight of polymer introduced to the membrane. When the weight ratio of polymer introduced into the membrane was larger than 0.1, methanol was permeated through membrane preferentially in methanol/water system, and the separation factor increased with increasing the methanol feed concentration. On the other hand, membrane had a selective permeability for water in the other alcohol/water systems. The influence of operating conditions was also studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyacetal/poly(tetrafluoroethylene) blends, I. The effect of Na-treated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) on polyacetal (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 196 (1992), S. 21-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die verschiedenartigen Eigenschaften von Polymerlegierungen aus Polyoxymethylen (POM) und bis zu 20 Gew.-% chemische oberf;ächenbehandeltem Poly(tetrafluorethylen) (CPTFE) wurden untersucht und denen unbahandelter POM/PTFE- Blends gegenübergestellt. PTFE iwrd POM zugesetzt, um dessen Oberflächenabriebseigenschaften Anteil zunehmend verschlechtert. Durch die bessere Phasenanbindung in den oberflächenbehandelten POM/CPTFE- Blends konnten die doppelten Zugfestigkeiten und EModuli wie bei unbehandelten POM/PTEF- Blends erreicht werden. Mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikroskopie (SEM) konnte gezeigt werden, daß die PTEF-Agglomerate in der POM-Matrix eine Größe von 30 bis 100 μm haben, während die CPTFE-Teilchengrößbe unter 1 μum liegt.
    Notes: The various properties of the blends of polyacetal (POM) with up to 20 wt.-% chemically surface-treated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (CPTFE) were investigated and compared with those of POM/PTFE blends. The PTFE is added to POM to improve the wear properties, however, the mechanical properties of POM/PTFE blends decrease with increasing PTFE content, but tensile strength and Young's modulus of POM/CPTFE blends are more than 2 times higher than that of the POM/PTFE blends. SEM shows that the size of inherent agglomerative PTFE is in the range of 30 to 100 μm. The particle size of major CPTFE dispersed in POM is smaller than 1 μm.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051960102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of silicon-containing copolymers for near-UV resists, IIPart I, cf.12.. Poly[(N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide)-alt-(p-trimethylsilyl-α-methylstyrene)] (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 205 (1993), S. 75-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly[(N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimid)-alt-(p-trimethylsilyl-a-methylstryol)] (a-PHTMMS) und einige N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimid-alt-p-trimethylisilyl-a-methylstyrol-enthaltende Copolymere wurden synthetisiert, um mit Diazonaphtochinonsulfonat neue Resists für den nahen UV-Bereich (DNS) zu entwickeln.Durch die kettenversteifende Wirkung der Maleimid-Gruppe wurde eine hohe thermische Stabilität mit einer Glasübergangstemperatur von 240°C und einer Zersetzungstemperatur von 425°C erreicht. Daraus hergestellte lithographische Biler widerstanden noch bei 250°C thermischer Verformung. Die hergestellten siliciumhaltigen Resists wurden auch als oberste Schicht in zweischichtigen Materialien für die Anwendung in der Mikrolithographie untersucht.
    Notes: Poly[(N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide)-alt-(p-trimethylsilyl-α-methylstyrene)] (α-PHTMMS) and several N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide -alt-p-α-methylstyrene related copolymers were synthesized for novel positive near-UV resists containing diazonaphthoquinone sulfonate (DNS). The chain-stiffening effect of the maleimide group was responsible for high thermal resistance. Thus, a high glass transition temperature of 240°C and thermal decomposition temperature of 425°C were obtained. Lithographic positive images were obtained which resisted thermal deformation at 250°C. The prepared silicon-containing resists were also used as the top imaging layer of a bilayer resist for microlithographic application.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052050106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image formation of alkyl-pendent aromatic polyimide by photocoupling with aromatic ketones (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 214 (1994), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Positive und negative Photostrukturen wurden in einem Polyimid (PI) aus 4,4′-Biphthalsäureanhydrid (BPA) und 4,4′-Diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethan (DADMDPM), PI(BPA/DADMDPM) erzeugt, nachdem dieses mit Michlers Keton (MK) bzw. Benzophenon (BP) dotiert und einer ultravioletten Strahlung von 400 ± 50 nm ausgesetzt und naß entwickelt wurde. Das Prinzip der positiven Abbildung basiert auf dem Photokupplungseffekt von MK mit PI, der die Löslichkeit des Polyimids erhöht und so die Entwicklung eines Positivmusters ermöglicht. Die Erzeugung negativer Muster wird durch intermakromolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen der Carbonylgruppe des Imid-Rings und der Hydroxygruppe, die bei der photoinduzierten Kupplung von Benzophenon mit dem Polyimid gebildet wird, bewirkt. Die lithographische Auswertung zeigt, daß der mit MK dotierte, positive Polyimidfilm nicht in der Lage ist, brauchbare Muster zu erzeugen, da die UV-Wellenlängen von MK absorbiert werden, wodurch die Photokupplung in den tieferen Schichten des Films verhindert wird. Andererseits können in dem 0,6 μm dicken, mit Benzophenon dotierten Polyimidfilm sogar 2 μm schmale Linien aufgelöst werden.
    Notes: Positive and negative photostructures are formed after the polyimide (PI) of 4,4′-biphthalic anhydride (BPA) and 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane (DADMDPM), PI(BPA/DADMDPM) is doped with Michler′s ketone (MK) and benzophenone (BP), respectively, and is subjected to UV light (400 ± 50 nm) irradiation and solvent development. The principle of positive feature formation is based on the photocoupling of MK with PI, which increases PI solubility and thus enables a positive pattern to be developed. The phenomenon of negative photopatterning results from intermacromolecular H-bonding between the carbonyl group of the imide ring and the hydroxy group which is formed in the photoinduced coupling reaction between BP and PI. Lithographic evaluation shows that the MK-doped positive-acting PI film cannot form useful patterns because UV wavelengths are strongly absorbed by MK, which limits the depth of photocoupling in the film. On the other hand, 2-μm-wide lines can be resolved in the BP-doped negative-acting 0.6-μm-thick PI film.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052140106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of UV-curable polydimethylsiloxane urethane acrylate (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 41-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde ein neuer Typ eines UV-härtbaren Polyurethanacrylatharzes synthetisiert, das auf hydroxyterminierten Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS)-Weichsegmenten mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1800 und 2,4-Toluoldiisocyanat (TDI)/2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA) Hartsegmenten basiert. Die Reaktivität von 2,4-TDI mit den Hydroxygruppen von Silanol und HEMA wurde anhand von IR-Messungen diskutiert. Die charakteristischen Absorptionspeaks der NCO-Gruppen von 2,4-TDI in para- und ortho-Stellung sollten mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit abnehmen.Die Meßmethodik der wesentlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser Art von UV-härtbaren Materialien wurde ebenso wie auch der Einfluß verschiedener reaktiver Verdünnungsmittel und einiger Pigmente untersucht. Dieses Harz mit guten optischen, elektrischisolierenden und Hafteigenschaften an verschiedenen Matrizes konnte in den chemischen Eigenschaften verbessert und die Viskosität reduziert werden, während die Beschichtungsverarbeitbarkeit durch Mischen mit verschiedenen reaktiven Verdünnern gefördert wurde. Die hervorragenden Hafteigenschaften auf Glasplatten wurden der ähnlichen Struktur zwischen den PDMS Weichsegmenten und Glas zugeschrieben, was eine breite Anwendung in der Beschichtungsindustrie erschließt.
    Notes: A new type of a UV-curable polyurethane acrylate resin based on hydroxyterminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft segments with molecular weight 1800 and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI)/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hard segments were synthesized. The reactivity of 2,4-TDI with the hydroxy groups of silanol and HEMA was discussed by means of IR measurements. The characteristic absorption peaks of the  - NCO groups of 2,4-TDI in the para- and ortho-position should decline with increasing the reaction time. The measurements of fundamental physical properties of this type of UV-curable materials had been widely studied in addition to the effects of using various reactive diluents and some pigments. This kind of resin with good optical, electrical insulating, and adhesive properties on various matrices, could be improved in chemical properties and reduced in viscosity while promoting the coating processability by mixing with various reactive diluents. The excellent adhesive properties on glass plates can be attributed to the similar structure between the PDMS soft segments and glass which makes the application in the coating industry possible.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051600104
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