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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural tracers in dietary studies: data for 210Po and 210Pb in decapod shrimp and other pelagic organisms in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 507-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the concentrations of the naturally-occurring radioactive nuclides 210Po and 210Pb in a large number of pelagic organisms from the Atlantic Ocean made in the spring/summer of 1984 and 1985 are reported. Marine shrimp are particularly well represented, and in many cases data were obtained for shrimp hepatopancreas, stomach-contents, and posterior intestine plus contents, as well as for whole individuals. The wide ranges found in 210Po concentrations group into categories: the shrimp, for example, divide into four categories, two penaeid and two carid. These groupings are explained on the basis of variations in diet between the different categories. A clear difference was also observed between the 210Po levels in shrimp of similar species and size from opposite sides of an oceanographic front; this difference too can be explained plausibly in terms of a change in certain penaeid shrimp, and attention is drawn to the need for investigation of cytological and/or genetic effects which could possibly be caused by the very high natural radiation doses to which such organisms are exposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polonium-210 and lead-210 in Antarctic marine biota and sea water (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 96 (1987), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of the naturally-ocurring radionuclides 210Po and 210Pb were measured in krill (Euphausia superba), mesozooplankton, phytoplankton and sea water collected during the South African SIBEX cruise to the Antarctic in autumn 1984. The data reported constitute the first substantial measurements on 210Po and 210Pb in such samples in the Antarctic Ocean. The concentrations of 210Po in mesozooplankton and phytoplankton are unexceptional in comparison with those from other oceans. The SIBEX E. superba, however, have higher levels of 210Po than usually found in euphausiids. The 210Po data, combined with reasonable estimates of biological quantitites such as the fractional assimilation, are used to obtain information about the diet of E. superba. It is suggested that the higher 210Po in the SIBEX E. superba reflects a change from an almost entirely phytoplanktonic diet in summer to a more omnivorous diet as winter approaches. The data show that there are allometric relationships between the 210Po content of euphausiids and animal size; these are discussed briefly. The limited sea-water data presented are characterized by unusually high 210Po:210Pb activity ratios and need further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412529
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polonium-210 in euphausiids: A detailed study (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A detailed study of 210Po, the predominant alpha-emitting nuclide found in most marine organisms, has been undertaken in a particular zooplanktonic species, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica. The purpose was to obtain information concerning the origin, the localization and the flux of the nuclide in and through this organism. Measurements of 210Po were made in euphausiids of different sizes, in dissected organs and tissues, and in excretion products. The results show higher concentrations in the smaller specimens; this fact cannot be explained on the basis of surface adsorption, but is probably related to the ingestion of food. Dissection results show that the distribution of 210Po in euphausiids is not homogeneous, but that the majority is concentrated in the internal organs, the alimentary tract and the hepatopancreas in particular. The natural radiation dose received by these organs is in consequence much higher than that received by the whole animal. Use of a dynamic model allowed the flux of 210Po through M. norvegica to be calculated. The calculations confirm that food is the principal source of 210Po for this species, and clearly show that fecal pellets constitute the major elimination route. Extrapolation of the data to zooplankton in general leads to the conclusion that zooplankton metabolic activity plays an important role in transporting 210Po from the surface layers of the ocean to depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390754
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    210Po and 210Pb in zooplankton fecal pellets (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 44 (1978), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in fecal pellets from the zooplanktonic euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica are reported. The 210Po:210Pb activity ratio is 2.2±0.3, a value in good agreement with that found in suspended particulate matter in surface seawater. Estimates of 210Po and 210Pb removal times from the mixed layer by fecal pellets alone yield values which are of the same order of magnitude as the removal times for these nuclides by all routes. It is suggested that there is a high probability that zooplanktonic fecal pellets play a significant role in the removal of both these nuclides from the surface layers of the ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390896
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine food chains (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 52 (1979), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 210Po and 210Pb have been measured systematically in whole animals, muscle and hepatopancreas of crustaceans and of molluscan cephalopods representative of a pelagic and benthic food chain. The same nuclides were also measured in liver, pyloric caecum, stomach contents and muscle of tuna. The concentration factors from sea water to whole animals were approximately constant along both food chains, being of the order of 104 for 210Po and 102 for 210Pb. The highest concentration factors were found in shrimp of the genus Sergestes. In muscle, the concentration factors were an order of magnitude less; in the hepatopancreas, they were an order of magnitude higher, reaching 106 in shrimp of the genus Sergestes. Such concentrations imply alpha-radiation doses of the order of 10 rem per year and more in this organ, which contains about 50 to 90% of the 210Po in the whole animal in the 11 species analyzed. A detailed study of the intracellular behaviour of 210Po in the hepatopancreas is clearly indicated. 210Po can be used as a sensitive natural tracer in biological systems. Thus, feeding Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the laboratory on food low in 210Po led to an approximate value of about 61/2 days for the biological half-life of 210Po in the hepatopancreas of this euphausiid. Furthermore, the data on 210Po and 210Pb in the cephalopod hepatopancreas allowed the time of conservation of frozen squid which had been bought at the market to be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398136
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for 6 2 He ‘Clusters’ in Nuclei (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 1434-1435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This evidence is obtained from a simple study of the neutron numbers, N, and atomic numbers, Z, of stable nuclei. If clusters are in fact entities inside the nucleus, one would expect the (N Z) systematics of stable nuclei to show a tendency for stable nuclei to be separated from each other by the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1821434b0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major Element Relationships in Tektites (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 680-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Following on from this, it seemed worth while to investigate the possible correlations between the concentrations of other elements in tektites. This has been done, utilizing the published data for australites* A notable fact emerges, namely, that silica concentration is significantly ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/187680a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural α-Radioactivity Concentrations in Bone and Liver from Various Animal Species (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 228 (1970), S. 1002-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In Table 1 we list our data for bone samples from various species. All samples were obtained from Southern Africa, and most were of femur bone. Activities are quoted in pCi/kg wet bone, and the mean concentration factor22 from the wet bone to the dry bone (as counted) state was 1*3. It is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2281002a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid removal of plutonium from the oceanic surface layer by zooplankton faecal pellets (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 266 (1977), S. 623-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The environmental levels of plutonium are extremely low, and collection of adequate sample material was a major problem; a faecal pellet collection system was devised11 which provided us with faecal pellet samples of about 100 mg dry mass. Oven-dried samples were acid-digested, treated with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/266623a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zooplankton fecal pellets and element residence times in the ocean (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 274 (1978), S. 246-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Determinations of element concentrations in the fecal pellets from a common zooplanktonic species, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica, are now available for 18 elements9. When we plotted the log of the concentration factor of each element in fecal pellets relative to seawater against the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/274246a0
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