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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary origins of two tightly linked mutations in arylsulfatase-A pseudodeficiency (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 101 (1997), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Deficient arylsulfatase A activity causes the neurodegenerative disease metachromatic leukodystrophy. However, some individuals with deficient enzyme activity appear clinically normal. This “pseudodeficiency” allele commonly found among many reported populations (frequency ∼ 0.10) is associated with two A→G transitions in cis in the arylsulfatase A gene causing the simultaneous loss of an N-glycosylation and a polyadenylation signal. To understand the evolutionary relationship between such common and tightly linked mutations, we studied 400 individuals in the African, European, Indian and East Asian populations and found none carrying the polyadenylation mutation alone. However, the N-glycosylation mutation could occur independently. Its frequency varied from 0.01 in Indians, 0.06 in Europeans, 0.21 in East Asians to 0.32 in Africans. The frequencies of both mutations occurring together ranged from almost non-existent in the Africans and East Asians, to 0.075 in the Europeans and 0.125 in the Indians. These frequencies were significantly different among populations. Haplotype analysis among homozygous pseudodeficiency individuals and eight multi-generation families with six polymorphic enzymes showed that, of the five haplotypes found in the general population, only one was linked to the double mutations. Alleles among the four populations with only the N-glycosylation mutation also supported linkage to the same haplotype except in some Europeans whose alleles were discordant. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the N-glycosylation mutation may be a recurrent event among the Europeans but first occurred in an ancestral allele before the emergence of modern Homo sapiens from Africa at ∼100 000–200 000 years ago. Subsequently, the polyadenylation mutation occurred in this ancient allele with the N-glycosylation mutation, an event that likely took place after the divergence between the European and East Asian lineages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050602
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  • 2
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    Hurricanes and climate: the U.S. CLIVAR working group on hurricanes (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: While a quantitative climate theory of tropical cyclone formation remains elusive, considerable progress has been made recently in our ability to simulate tropical cyclone climatologies and understand the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation. Climate models are now able to simulate a realistic rate of global tropical cyclone formation, although simulation of the Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology remains challenging unless horizontal resolutions finer than 50 km are employed. This article summarizes published research from the idealized experiments of the Hurricane Working Group of U.S. CLIVAR (CLImate VARiability and predictability of the ocean-atmosphere system). This work, combined with results from other model simulations, has strengthened relationships between tropical cyclone formation rates and climate variables such as mid-tropospheric vertical velocity, with decreased climatological vertical velocities leading to decreased tropical cyclone formation. Systematic differences are shown between experiments in which only sea surface temperature is increased versus experiments where only atmospheric carbon dioxide is increased, with the carbon dioxide experiments more likely to demonstrate the decrease in tropical cyclone numbers previously shown to be a common response of climate models in a warmer climate. Experiments where the two effects are combined also show decreases in numbers, but these tend to be less for models that demonstrate a strong tropical cyclone response to increased sea surface temperatures. Further experiments are proposed that may improve our understanding of the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation, including experiments with two-way interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere and variations in atmospheric aerosols.
    Description: Published
    Description: 997–1017
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: tropical cyclones ; hurricanes ; climate change ; CLIVAR ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    The Benefits of Global High Resolution for Climate Simulation: Process Understanding and the Enabling of Stakeholder Decisions at the Regional Scale (2018)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 99(11), pp. 2341-2359, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 (2016)
    EGU
    In:  EPIC3Geoscientific Model Development, EGU, 9, pp. 4185-4208, ISSN: 1991-959X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-26
    Description: Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. The role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improved process representation in all components of the climate system is of growing interest, particularly as some recent simulations suggest both the possibility of significant changes in large-scale aspects of circulation as well as improvements in small-scale processes and extremes. However, such high-resolution global simulations at climate timescales, with resolutions of at least 50 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, have been performed at relatively few research centres and generally without overall coordination, primarily due to their computational cost. Assessing the robustness of the response of simulated climate to model resolution requires a large multi-model ensemble using a coordinated set of experiments. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) is the ideal framework within which to conduct such a study, due to the strong link to models being developed for the CMIP DECK experiments and other model intercomparison projects (MIPs). Increases in high-performance computing (HPC) resources, as well as the revised experimental design for CMIP6, now enable a detailed investigation of the impact of increased resolution up to synoptic weather scales on the simulated mean climate and its variability. The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) presented in this paper applies, for the first time, a multi-model approach to the systematic investigation of the impact of horizontal resolution. A coordinated set of experiments has been designed to assess both a standard and an enhanced horizontal-resolution simulation in the atmosphere and ocean. The set of HighResMIP experiments is divided into three tiers consisting of atmosphere-only and coupled runs and spanning the period 1950–2050, with the possibility of extending to 2100, together with some additional targeted experiments. This paper describes the experimental set-up of HighResMIP, the analysis plan, the connection with the other CMIP6 endorsed MIPs, as well as the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations. HighResMIP thereby focuses on one of the CMIP6 broad questions, “what are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases?”, but we also discuss how it addresses the World Climte Research Program (WCRP) grand challenges.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Methane flux from miniseepage in mud volcanoes of SW Taiwan: Comparison with the data from Italy, Romania, and Azerbaijan (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mud volcanoes (MVs) are considered important methane (CH4) sources for the atmosphere; gas is not only released from macro-seepage, i.e., from craters and visible gas bubbling manifestations, but also from invisible and pervasive exhalation from the ground, named miniseepage. CH4 flux related to miniseepage was measured only in a few MVs, in Azerbaijan, Italy, Japan, Romania and Taiwan. This study examines in detail the flux data acquired in 5 MVs and 1 ‘‘dry’’ seep in SW Taiwan, and further compares with other 23 MVs in Italy, Romania and Azerbaijan. Miniseepage from the six manifestations in SW Taiwan MVs and seeps annually contribute at least 110 tons of methane directly to the atmosphere, and represents about 80% of total degassing during a quiescent period. Combining miniseepage flux and geo-electrical data from the Wu-shan-ding MV revealed a possible link between gas flux and electrical resistivity of the vadose zone. This suggests that unsaturated subsoil is a preferential zone for shallow gas accumulation and seepage to the atmosphere. Besides, miniseepage flux in Chu-huo everlasting fire decreases by increasing the distance from the main gas channeling zone and molecular fractionation (methane/ethane ratio) is higher for lower flux seepage, consistently with what observed in other MVs worldwide. Measurements from Azerbaijan, Italy, Romania, and Taiwan converge to indicate that miniseepage is directly proportional to the vent output and it is a significant component of the total methane budget of a MV. A miniseepage vs. macro-seepage flux equation has been statistically assessed and it can be used to estimate theoretically at least the order of magnitude of the flux of miniseepage for MVs of which only the flux from vents was evaluated, or will be evaluated in future. This will allow a more complete and objective quantification of gas emission in MVs, thus also refining the estimate of the global methane emission from geological sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3–12
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mud volcano ; Miniseepage ; Macro-seepage ; Global methane emission ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and reactivity toward acyl chlorides and enones of the new highly functionalized copper reagents RCu(CN)ZnI (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 53 (1988), S. 2390-2392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00245a057
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General approach to highly functionalized benzylic organometallics of zinc and copper (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 53 (1988), S. 5789-5791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00259a038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleophilic reactivity of zinc and copper carbenoids. Part II (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 54 (1989), S. 5202-5204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00283a006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The addition of the highly functionalized zinc-copper reagents RCu(CN)ZnI to nitro olefins (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 54 (1989), S. 5200-5202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00283a005
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc doping in gallium antimonide grown by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 56-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zn-doped GaSb epilayers grown on GaAs and GaSb substrates by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were studied. Triethylgallium and trimethylantimony were used as Ga and Sb sources, respectively. The carrier concentrations of p-type GaSb epilayers were affected by V/III ratio and growth temperature. Diethylzinc(DEZn) was used as the p-type dopant. The relationship between carrier concentration P and mole fraction [DEZn] is P=K[DEZn]2.3. Photoluminescence for different carrier concentration was compared. There exist two different regions for the carrier concentration versus growth temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353829
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