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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The formation and evolution of Africa : a synopsis of 3.8 Ga of earth history (2011)
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Geology ; Geologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Afrika ; Kontinentale Erdkruste ; Entstehung ; Tektogenese
    Description / Table of Contents: The African continent preserves a long geological record that covers almost 75% of Earth's history. The Pan-Africanorogeny (c. 600-500 Ma) brought together old continental kernels (West Africa, Congo, Kalahari and Tanzania) to form Gondwana and subsequently the supercontinent Pangaea by the late Palaeozoic. The break-up of Pangaea since the Jurassic and Cretaceous, primarily through opening of the Central Atlantic, Indian, and South Atlantic oceans, in combination with the complicated subduction history to the north, gradually shaped the African continent. This volume contains 18 contributions that discuss the geology of Africa from the Archaean to the present day. It celebrates African geology in two ways: first, it highlights multidisciplinary Earth science research by viewing the formation and evolution of Africa from 18 different angles; second, it celebrates the work of Kevin Burke and Lewis Ashwal and portrays the wide range of interests and research angles that have characterized these two scientists throughout their careers, working in Africa, and studying African geology--
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 378 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862393354 , 9781862393356
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 357
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/357/1
    URL: https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/DE0088F964523B546236CC1257A1C0027038D.pdf
    DDC: 556
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    A numerical investigation of continental collision styles (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: Continental collision after closure of an ocean can lead to different deformation styles: subduction of continental crust and lithosphere, lithospheric thickening, folding of the unsubducted continents, Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instabilities and/or slab break-off. We use 2-D thermomechanical models of oceanic subduction followed by continental collision to investigate the sensitivity of these collision styles to driving velocity, crustal and lithospheric temperature, continental rheology and the initial density difference between the oceanic lithosphere and the asthenosphere. We find that these parameters influence the collision system, but that driving velocity, rheology and lithospheric (rather than Moho and mantle) temperature can be classified as important controls, whereas reasonable variations in the initial density contrast between oceanic lithosphere and asthenosphere are not necessarily important. Stable continental subduction occurs over a relatively large range of values of driving velocity and lithospheric temperature. Fast and cold systems are more likely to show folding, whereas slow and warm systems can experience RT-type dripping. Our results show that a continent with a strong upper crust can experience subduction of the entire crust and is more likely to fold. Accretion of the upper crust at the trench is feasible when the upper crust has a moderate to weak strength, whereas the entire crust can be scraped-off in the case of a weak lower crust. We also illustrate that weakening of the lithospheric mantle promotes RT-type of dripping in a collision system. We use a dynamic collision model, in which collision is driven by slab pull only, to illustrate that adjacent plates can play an important role in continental collision systems. In dynamic collision models, exhumation of subducted continental material and sediments is triggered by slab retreat and opening of a subduction channel, which allows upward flow of buoyant materials. Exhumation continues after slab break-off by reverse motion of the subducting plate (‘eduction’) caused by the reduced slab pull. We illustrate how a simple force balance of slab pull, slab push, slab bending, viscous resistance and buoyancy can explain the different collision styles caused by variations in velocity, temperature, rheology, density differences and the interaction with adjacent plates.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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