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  • 1
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    A roadmap to climate data rescue services
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Geoscience Data Journal Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2018-06), p. 28-39
    Details
    In: Geoscience Data Journal, Wiley, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2018-06), p. 28-39
    Kurzfassung: Quantitative approaches to climate risk management such as mapping or impact modelling rely on past meteorological data with daily or sub‐daily resolution, a large fraction of which have not yet been digitized. Over the last decade or so, a number of projects have contributed to the rescue of some of these data. Here we provide a summary of a survey we have undertaken of several meteorological and climate data rescue projects, in order to identify the needs of climate data rescue services. To make these efforts more sustainable, additional integrated activities are needed. We argue that meteorological and climate data rescue must be seen as a continuous, coordinated long‐term effort. Technical developments (e.g. data assimilation), new scientific questions (e.g. process understanding of extreme events) and new social (e.g. risk assessment, health) or economic (e.g. new renewable energy sources, agriculture and forestry, tourism, infrastructure, etc.) services are highlighting the immense value of data previously neglected or never considered. This continuous effort is currently undertaken by projects of various sizes, structure, funding and staffing, as well as by dedicated programmes, ranging from those within many national weather services down to “grassroots” initiatives. These activities are often not sufficiently coordinated, staffed, or funded at an international level and will benefit considerably from climate data rescue services being established within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) ( https://climate.copernicus.eu/ ). Open Practices This article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki .
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2049-6060 , 2049-6060
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/gdj3.56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2745699-7
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  • 2
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    The global historical climate database HCLIM
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Data Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-01-19)
    Details
    In: Scientific Data, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-01-19)
    Kurzfassung: There is a growing need for past weather and climate data to support science and decision-making. This paper describes the compilation and construction of a global multivariable (air temperature, pressure, precipitation sum, number of precipitation days) monthly instrumental climate database that encompasses a substantial body of the known early instrumental time series. The dataset contains series compiled from existing databases that start before 1890 (though continuing to the present) as well as a large amount of newly rescued data. All series underwent a quality control procedure and subdaily series were processed to monthly mean values. An inventory was compiled, and the collection was deduplicated based on coordinates and mutual correlations. The data are provided in a common format accompanied by the inventory. The collection totals 12452 meteorological records in 118 countries. The data can be used for climate reconstructions and analyses. It is the most comprehensive global monthly climate dataset for the preindustrial period so far.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2052-4463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01919-w
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2775191-0
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  • 3
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    The EUSTACE Project: Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. E1924-E1947
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. E1924-E1947
    Kurzfassung: Day-to-day variations in surface air temperature affect society in many ways, but daily surface air temperature measurements are not available everywhere. Therefore, a global daily picture cannot be achieved with measurements made in situ alone and needs to incorporate estimates from satellite retrievals. This article presents the science developed in the EU Horizon 2020–funded EUSTACE project (2015–19, www.eustaceproject.org ) to produce global and European multidecadal ensembles of daily analyses of surface air temperature complementary to those from dynamical reanalyses, integrating different ground-based and satellite-borne data types. Relationships between surface air temperature measurements and satellite-based estimates of surface skin temperature over all surfaces of Earth (land, ocean, ice, and lakes) are quantified. Information contained in the satellite retrievals then helps to estimate air temperature and create global fields in the past, using statistical models of how surface air temperature varies in a connected way from place to place; this needs efficient statistical analysis methods to cope with the considerable data volumes. Daily fields are presented as ensembles to enable propagation of uncertainties through applications. Estimated temperatures and their uncertainties are evaluated against independent measurements and other surface temperature datasets. Achievements in the EUSTACE project have also included fundamental preparatory work useful to others, for example, gathering user requirements, identifying inhomogeneities in daily surface air temperature measurement series from weather stations, carefully quantifying uncertainties in satellite skin and air temperature estimates, exploring the interaction between air temperature and lakes, developing statistical models relevant to non-Gaussian variables, and methods for efficient computation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0095.1
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0095.2
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2029396-3
    ZDB Id: 419957-1
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  • 4
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    Instrumental Meteorological Records before 1850: An Inventory
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 101, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 43-47
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 101, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 43-47
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0040.A
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2029396-3
    ZDB Id: 419957-1
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  • 5
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    A note on air temperature and precipitation variability and extremes over Asmara: 1914–2015
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 39, No. 14 ( 2019-11-30), p. 5215-5227
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 14 ( 2019-11-30), p. 5215-5227
    Kurzfassung: Meteorological series (daily precipitation, minimum and maximum air temperature) for Asmara (Eritrea) for the last 100 years (1914–2015) are analysed. The data were quality‐controlled and homogenized using publicly available data from surrounding countries as well as newly recovered data from 12 stations in Eritrea. Overall, the Asmara data showed a consistent pattern and there were no outliers outside of four standard deviations from the corresponding reference. Climate indices were calculated using the program RClimDex. Overall, 8 indices for description of the air temperature data and 10 for precipitation data were calculated. The analyses of averages and indices reveal large climatic variations in the central highlands of Eritrea. The results indicate significant changes in air temperature since 1943, with daily minimum and maximum air temperature increasing at a similar rate of 0.22 and 0.19°C/decade, respectively. The diurnal air temperature range shows a non‐significant decreasing trend over the study period. No significant variation was found in the annual total and the seasonal precipitation over the last century. Significant trends were detected for some daily precipitation indices, although the lack of reference series prevents an evaluation of their reliability.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v39.14
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6134
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
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    Homogenization of daily temperature and humidity series in the UK
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2023-03-30), p. 1693-1709
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2023-03-30), p. 1693-1709
    Kurzfassung: Building on previous experience with continental and global data sets, we use a quantile‐matching approach to homogenize temperature and humidity series measured by a network of 220 stations in the United Kingdom (UK). The data set spans 160 years at daily resolution, although data coverage varies greatly in time, space, and across variables. We use the homogenized data to analyse trends of the mean values as well as the lowest and highest quantiles of the distribution over the last 100 and 50 years. For the latter period, we find large regional differences, particularly between the southeastern and the northern part of the UK. The southeast has seen a faster warming, particularly for maximum temperatures in spring and summer, and a reduction of relative humidity; the northern mainland has become more humid and only slightly warmer. These differences become more evident for the highest quantiles and reflect a well‐known pattern of climate change affecting the extra‐tropics. Among the studied variables, the increases of wet bulb temperature and specific humidity are the most spatially homogeneous and are statistically significant for most stations in all seasons except winter.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v43.4
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.7941
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 7
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    Unlocking weather observations from the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792)
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Climate of the Past Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2021-11-15), p. 2361-2379
    Details
    In: Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2021-11-15), p. 2361-2379
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. In recent years, instrumental observations have become increasingly important in climate research, allowing past daily-to-decadal climate variability and weather extremes to be explored in greater detail. The 18th century saw the formation of several short-lived meteorological networks of which the one organised by the Societas Meteorologica Palatina is arguably the most well known. This network stood out as one of the few that efficiently managed to control its members, integrating, refining, and publishing measurements taken from numerous stations around Europe and beyond. Although much has been written about the network in both history, science, and individual prominent series used for climatological studies, the actual measurements have not yet been digitised and published in extenso. This paper represents an important step towards filling this perceived gap in research. Here, we provide an inventory listing the availability of observed variables for the 37 stations that belonged to the society's network and discuss their historical context. Most of these observations have been digitised, and a considerable fraction has been converted and formatted. In this paper, we focus on the temperature and pressure measurements, which have been corrected and homogenised. We then demonstrate their potential for climate research by analysing two cases of extreme weather. The recovered series will have wide applications and could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind climatic variations and extremes as well as the societal reactions to adverse weather. Even the shorter series could be ingested into reanalyses and improve the quality of large-scale reconstructions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1814-9332
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-17-2361-2021
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-17-2361-2021-supplement
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2217985-9
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  • 8
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    The BernClim plant phenological data set from the canton of Bern (Switzerland) 1970–2018
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-11-11), p. 1645-1654
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-11-11), p. 1645-1654
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. In 1970, the Institute of Geography of the University of Bern initiated the phenological observation network BernClim. Seasonality information from plants, fog and snow was originally available for applications in urban and regional planning and agricultural and touristic suitability and is now a valuable data set for climate change impact studies. Covering the growing season, volunteer observers record the dates of key development stages of hazel (Corylus avellana), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), apple tree (Pyrus malus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). All observations consist of detailed site information, including location, altitude, exposition (aspect) and inclination, that makes BernClim unique in its richness in detail on decadal timescales. Quality control (QC) by experts and statistical analyses of the data have been performed to flag impossible dates, dates outside the biologically plausible range, repeated dates in the same year, stretches of consecutive identical dates and statistically inconsistent dates (outliers in time or in space). Here, we report BernClim data of 7414 plant phenological observations from 1970 to 2018 from 1304 sites at 110 stations, the QC procedure and selected applications (Rutishauser et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.900102). The QC points to very good internal consistency (only 0.2 % were flagged as internally inconsistent) and likely high quality of the data. BernClim data indicate a trend towards an extended growing season. They also track the regime shift in the late 1980s well to pronounced earlier dates like numerous other phenological records across the Northern Hemisphere.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-11-1645-2019
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2475469-9
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  • 9
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    A 258-year-long data set of temperature and precipitation fields for Switzerland since 1763
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Climate of the Past Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2023-03-29), p. 703-729
    Details
    In: Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2023-03-29), p. 703-729
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. Climate reconstructions give insights in monthly and seasonal climate variability in the past few hundred years. However, for understanding past extreme weather events and for relating them to impacts, for example through crop yield simulations or hydrological modelling, reconstructions on a weather timescale are needed. Here, we present a data set of 258 years of daily temperature and precipitation fields for Switzerland from 1763 to 2020. The data set was reconstructed with the analogue resampling method, which resamples meteorological fields for a historical period based on the most similar day in a reference period. These fields are subsequently improved with data assimilation for temperature and bias correction for precipitation. Even for an early period prior to 1800 with scarce data availability, we found good validation results for the temperature reconstruction especially in the Swiss Plateau. For the precipitation reconstruction, skills are considerably lower, which can be related to the few precipitation measurements available and the heterogeneous nature of precipitation. By means of a case study of the wet and cold years from 1769 to 1772, which triggered widespread famine across Europe, we show that this data set allows more detailed analyses than hitherto possible.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1814-9332
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-19-703-2023
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-19-703-2023-supplement
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2217985-9
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  • 10
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    A decade of cold Eurasian winters reconstructed for the early 19th century
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-04-19)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-04-19)
    Kurzfassung: Annual-to-decadal variability in northern midlatitude temperature is dominated by the cold season. However, climate field reconstructions are often based on tree rings that represent the growing season. Here we present cold-season (October-to-May average) temperature field reconstructions for the northern midlatitudes, 1701-1905, based on extensive phenological data (freezing and thawing dates of rivers, plant observations). Northern midlatitude land temperatures exceeded the variability range of the 18th and 19th centuries by the 1940s, to which recent warming has added another 1.5 °C. A sequences of cold winters 1808/9-1815/6 can be explained by two volcanic eruptions and unusual atmospheric flow. Weak southwesterlies over Western Europe in early winter caused low Eurasian temperatures, which persisted into spring even though the flow pattern did not. Twentieth century data and model simulations confirm this persistence and point to increased snow cover as a cause, consistent with sparse information on Eurasian snow in the early 19th century.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29677-8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2553671-0
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