Note: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction and Acknowledgments -- The Area -- A Brief History of Herpetology in the Carolinas and Virginia -- List of Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia -- Amphibians (Class Amphibia) -- Salamanders (Order Caudata) -- Frogs and Toads (Order Anura) -- Reptiles (Class Reptilia) -- Crocodiles and Alligators (Order Crocodilia) -- Turtles (Order Testudines = Chelonia) -- Lizards and Snakes (Order Squamata) -- Lizards (Suborder Sauria) -- Snakes (Suborder Serpentes) -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- X -- Useful References -- Photo Credits -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W.

Note: Front Cover -- Molecular Biology of RNA: New Perspectives -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- PART I: RNA as an Enzyme -- Chapter 1. Cleavage of RNA by RNAse P from Escherichia coli -- I. Introduction -- II. Aspects of the RNase P Reaction -- III. Studies of Enzyme-Substrate Interactions -- IV. Structure-Function Relationships in Ml RNA -- V. Studies of the Protein Subunit of RNase P -- VI. Hybrid Enzymes -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. Bacillus subtilis RNase P -- I. The RNase P Components -- II. Mechanism of RNase P Cleavage -- III. Toward the Higher-Order Structure of RNase P RNA -- IV. Structure-Function Relationships in the RNase P RNA -- V. Why Is the Catalytic Element of RNase P Composed of RNA? -- References -- Chapter 3. Multiple Enzymatic Activities of an Intervening Sequence RNA from Tetrahymena -- I. Introduction -- II. Self-Splicing RNA -- III. The IVS RNA Enzyme -- References -- Chapter 4. Processing and Genetic Characterization of Self-Splicing RNAs of Bacteriophage T4 -- I. Introduction -- II. Group I Splicing Mechanism for T4 td RNA -- III. Nondirected Mutagenesis and Delineation of Two Functional Domains for Splicing in the td Intron -- IV. Multiple Self-Splicing Introns in T4 -- V. Conclusions -- References -- PART II: RNA Splicing -- Chapter 5. The Mammalian Pre-Messenger RNA Splicing Apparatus: A Ribosome in Pieces? -- I. Introduction -- II. The Discovery of snRNPs -- III. The snRNPs-and-Splicing Hypothesis -- IV. snRNP Components and Structure -- V. Is Eukaryotic RNase P an Sm snRNP? -- VI. Ul snRNPs Bind 5' Splice Sites -- VII. U2, U5, and U4/U6 snRNPs Also Participate in Splicing -- VIII. The Spliceosome-Ribosome Analogy -- References -- Chapter 6. Exon Sequences and Splice Site Proximity Play a Role in Splice Site Selection -- I. Introduction. , II. Exon Sequences and Splice Site Proximity Play a Role in Splice Site Selection -- III. The Pattern of Splice Site Selection Is Altered in Different Extract Preparations and in Diluted Extracts -- IV. Splice Site Selection Can Be Altered by Competition in Trans -- V. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 7. Factors That Influence Alternative Splice Site Selection in Vitro -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 8. Messenger RNA Splicing in Yeast -- I. An Overview of Nuclear mRNA Splicing -- II. Preliminary in Vitro and in Vivo Characterization of Yeast mRNA Splicing -- III. Characterization of Mutations in the Splicing Process -- IV. The RNA Gene Products and the Spliceosome -- V. Speculation -- References -- Chapter 9. Architecture of Fungal Introns: Implications for Spliceosome Assembly -- I. Introduction -- II. Branch Site-3' Splice Junction Relationship -- III. Branch Site-5' Splice Junction Relationship -- IV. Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10. RNA Joining and Trypanosome Gene Expression -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion -- V. Summary -- References -- PART III: RNA Viruses -- Chapter 11. The Polio virus Genome: A Unique RNA in Structure, Gene Organization, and Replication -- I. Introduction -- II. Translation and Processing of the Polyprotein -- III. RNA Replication -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Permanent Expression of Influenza Virus Genes Coding for Transcriptase Complexes: Complementation of Viral Mutants -- I. Establishment of a Functional Expression System -- II. Addition of Nuclear Protein to the Transcription Complex -- III. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 13. Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis by HTLV-III -- Text -- References -- PART IV: RNA in DNA Replication. , Chapter 14. Changes in RNA Secondary Structure May Mediate the Regulation of Inc FII Plasmid Gene Expression and DNA Replication -- I. Introduction -- II. RNA Secondary Structure Predictions -- III. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 15. Regulation of Co IE 1 DNA Replication by Antisense RNA -- I. Introduction -- II. RNA Primer Formation -- III. Regulation of Primer Formation -- IV. Binding of RNA I to RNA II -- V. Importance of the Rate of Binding of RNA I to RNA II -- VI. Secondary Structure of RNA II and Its Alterationby Binding of RNA I -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16. A Transfer RNA Implicated in DNA Replication -- I. Introduction -- II. Expression of the dna Y Gene -- III. Implication in DNA Replication -- IV. Summary and Models for Replication Role -- References -- PART V: RNA: Structure, Function, and Isolation -- Chapter 17. Stable Branched RNA Covalently Linked to the 5'End of a Single-Stranded DNA of Myxobacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. DNA Structure of Stigmatella aurantiaca msDNA -- III. RNA Sequence of RNA-Linked msDNA -- IV. Determination of the Linkage between RNA and msDNA -- V. Gene Arrangement of the Coding Regions for msDNA (msd)and msdRNA (msr) on the Chromosome -- VI. Biosynthesis of Branched RNA-Linked msDNA -- VII. How Is Branched RNA-Linked msDNA Synthesized? -- References -- Chapter 18. Recognition of RNA by Proteins -- I. A Simple RNA-Protein Interaction -- II. A Complex RNA-Protein Interaction -- References -- Chapter 19. A New Role for Transfer RNA: A ChloroplastTransfer RNA Is a Cofactor in the Conversionof Glutamate to Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid -- I. Introduction -- II. RNAD A L AIs a Unique Glutamine-Accepting tRNA -- III. RNA as a Cofactor: Possible Reaction Mechanism -- IV. Outlook -- References. , Chapter 20. Natural Suppressor Transfer RNA in Eukaryotes: Its Implication in the Evolution of the Genetic Code and Expression of Specific Genes -- I. Introduction -- II. Isolation from Tetrahymena of the tRNA Gene and tRNA Corresponding to the Termination Codon UAA -- III. Deviation of the Genetic Code of Tetrahymena from the Universal Genetic Code -- IV. Evolution of Glutamine tRNAs Recognizing UAA and UAG Termination Codons in Tetrahymena -- V. Isolation of a Natural UAG Suppressor Glutamine tRNA from Mouse Cells -- VI. A Large Increase of tRNAg [ -- UG in Mouse Cells Infected withMo-MuLV -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 21. The Purification of Small RNAs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 22. Comparative Studies on the Secondary Structure of the RNAs of Related RNA Coliphages -- I. Introduction -- II. Results -- III. Discussion -- References -- VI RNA in Regulation and Repression -- Chapter 23. Autogenous Regulation of Transcriptionof the crp Operon by a Divergent RNA Transcript -- I. Introduction -- II. Activation of a Divergent Promoter by Cyclic AMP-CRP Is Required for crp Autoregulation -- III. Autoregulation of crp Is Mediated by Divergent RNA -- IV. A Model for crp Autoregulation -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 24. The Role of Translational Regulationin Growth Rate-Dependent and Stringent Control of the Synthesis of Ribosomal Proteinsin Escherichia col -- I. Secondary Structure of the LI Target Site on Lll mRNA -- II. Growth Rate-Dependent Control of Ribosomal Protein Synthesis -- III. Stringent Control of Ribosomal Protein Synthesis -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 25. Sequence and Structural Elements Associatedwith the Degradation of Apolipoprotein II Messenger RNA. , I. Introduction -- II. Effect of 5' Noncoding Sequences on apo II mRNA Stability -- III. Use of Enzymatic Probes and Reverse Transcriptase to Analyze apo II mRNA Secondary Structure -- IV. Analysis of apo II mRNA in Polysomes -- V. Summary and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 26. A New Immune System against Viral Infection Using Antisense RNA: micRNA-Immune System -- I. Introduction -- II. micRNA Mutagenesis -- III. micRNA-Immune System -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 27. Regulation of IS10 Transposase Expression by RNA/RNA Pairing -- I. Introduction -- II. Biological Role of Multicopy Inhibition -- III. Molecular Mechanism of Multicopy Inhibition -- IV. Mechanism of Pairing between RNA-INand RNA-OUT in Vitro -- V. In Vivo Phenotypes of Mutations in RNA-OUT -- References -- Chapter 28. Characterization and Functional Analysis of theFactors Required for Transcription of the Adenovirus Major Late Promoter -- I. Introduction -- II. Fractionation and Functional Analysis of the Factors Required for Transcription of the Adenovirus Major Late Promoter -- III. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Foreword -- The Author -- Table of Contents -- Chapter I: Introduction -- Chapter II: Early Growth, Body Weight, Reproduction, and Life Span -- General Aspects -- Growth -- Body Weight of the Mature Animal -- Reproduction -- Life Span -- Conclusions -- Chapter III: Anatomy, Morphology, and Function of the Gastrointestinal System -- General Aspects -- Stomach -- Small Intestine -- Cecum -- Large Intestine -- Conclusions -- Chapter IV: Morphology and Physiology, Endocrinology and Biochemistry -- General Aspects -- Energy Metabolism -- Liver Function -- Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism -- Rats and Mice -- Gerbils -- Dogs and Pigs -- Other Indicators of Function -- Water Balance and Kidney Function -- Mineral Metabolism -- Endocrine System -- Conclusions -- Chapter V: Nutrition -- General Aspects -- Early Rat and Mouse Diets -- Hand-Feeding of the Cesarian-Derived Newborn -- Solid Diets -- Further Development of Rat and Mouse Diets -- Sterilization of Solid Diets -- Metabolic Requirements of Germfree Rats and Germfree Mice - Contributions of the Microflora -- Dietary Energy Requirements -- Proteins and Amino Acids -- Vitamin B Complex - Microflora Production -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Minerals -- Inositol, Ubiquinone, and Queuine -- Chapter VI: The Chemically Defined Diet -- General Aspects -- Development of the Chemically Defined Diet -- Procedures -- Present Status -- Dietary Antigenicity and Immune Potential -- Chapter VII: Immunology, Including Radiobiology and Transplantation -- General Aspects -- Early Studies: Immune Potential of Germfree Rats and Mice Maintained on Solid Diets -- Antibody-Forming Potential -- Phagocytosis -- B Cells, T Cells, and NK Cells -- Immune Globulins -- Natural Antibody -- Cytokinins -- Radiation Biology and Bone Marrow Transplantation. , Immunological Evaluation of GF Mice Maintained on a Chemically Defined, Low Molecular Weight Antigen-free Diet -- Conclusions -- Chapter VIII: Parasitology -- General Aspects -- Effects of the Microflora Via Nutrient Availability and the Immune System -- Protozoa -- Nematodes -- Helminths -- Schistosomiasis and Chagas Disease -- Cestodes -- Chapter IX: Pathology Over the Life Span of the Germfree Rat and the Germfree Mouse -- General Aspects -- Tumors and Tumor-Related Viruses -- Conclusions -- Chapter X: Applications: Past, Present, and Future. Part I -- Introduction -- Microbial Action and Interaction in Gnotobiotic Systems. Colonization Resistance and Translocation Studies -- Controlled Microbial Association -- Monoassociation -- Microbial Interaction -- Bacteria-Yeast Interaction -- Colonization Resistance -- Materials With Antimicrobial Action -- Translocation Studies -- Chapter XI: Applications: Past, Present, and Future. Part II. Use of the Gnotobiote in the Study of Disease -- The Aging Syndrome -- Endpoint Studies -- Lobund Aging Study -- Cancer Research -- Role of the Microflora in Steroid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease -- Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease Studies -- Dental Caries -- Periodontal Disease -- Radiation Biology: Role of the Microflora and Effect of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -- The Shock Syndrome: Potential Influence of LPS -- Hemorrhagic Shock -- Thermal Shock -- Intestinal Strangulation -- Tourniquet Shock -- Ulcerative Colitis -- Studies of Swine Disease -- Chapter XII: Applications: Past, Present, and Future. Part III. The Production of Monoclonal Antibodies and Conclusions -- Monoclonal Antibodies -- Conclusions and Future Considerations -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- I. Winter -- 1. Go Birds! Watch Bald Eagles Nesting -- 2. Catch Creepy Crawlies: Hunt for Basement Bugs -- 3. Step into the Shadows: Watch Rats -- 4. Winter Killers: Watch Cooper's and Sharp-Shinned Hawks -- 5. Tree-Hugging: Give Some Love to Some Big Trees -- 6. Tracing Their Steps: Track Animals in Snow, Mud, and Concrete -- 7. Dead Plant Time Machine: Explore an Herbarium Online -- 8. Cold Hands, Hot Birding: Take Part in a Winter Bird Count -- 9. Guess Who? Practice Tree Identification in Winter -- 10. Roadkill Comes Alive: Search Roads by Bicycle for Dead Animals -- 11. Duck, Duck, Coot! Observe Winter Waterfowl -- 12. Stump Yourself: Find Beaver Signs -- 13. Tapping In: Make Maple Syrup -- II. Spring -- 14. Fleeting Beauties: Find Spring Ephemeral Wildflowers -- 15. The Family That Preys Together: Watch Red-Tailed Hawks -- 16. Amphibian Crossing Guards: Help the Toad Cross the Road -- 17. Feathered Fallout: Watch Spring Songbird Migration -- 18. A Trilling Adventure: Join a Frog Call Survey -- 19. Scales and All: Flip Brown Snakes -- 20. Cheep Thrills: Bird by Ear -- 21. Weeds to Watch: Find Philadelphia Fleabane -- 22. Get on the Ball: Watch Water Snakes -- 23. Join the Crowd: Take Part in a Bioblitz -- 24. Falcons for Dinner: Watch Peregrine Falcons While You Eat -- 25. Sunbathing in Armor: Watch Basking Turtles -- 26. Dog Vomit Is Just the Beginning: Slime Mold Search -- III. Summer -- 27. Bats, Balls, and Birds: Spot Nighthawks at the Ballpark -- 28. Drop a Line: Go Fishing -- 29. Go with the Current: Paddle an Urban River -- 30. Nature's Fireworks: Watch Fireflies -- 31. Fun Guys: Go on a Mushroom Hunt -- 32. Silk and Steel: Observe Bridge Spiders -- 33. A Flap in the Night: Go on a Bat Walk -- 34. Zombie Patrol: Find a Dead Zombie Fly -- 35. Pollinator Party! Visit a Milkweed Patch. , 36. The Jewels of Summer: Meet the Butterflies -- 37. What They Do in the Dark: Hold a Moth Night -- 38. Swoop into Summer: Watch Chimney Swifts -- 39. Wildflower Preserves: Press Flowers -- IV. Autumn -- 40. Messing with Squirrels Has Never Been More Fun: Go Squirrel Fishing -- 41. Glorious Gobblers: Find Wild Turkeys -- 42. Touch Me Please: Squeeze Jewelweed Seed Pods -- 43. Rising through the Cracks: Study Sidewalk Crack Plants -- 44. Low Light Hightailing: Watch Deer at Dusk -- 45. Identity Check: Key Out Wildflowers -- 46. Who Goes There? Stake Out Your Yard for Nocturnal Mammals -- 47. Tall, Dark, and Ancient: Hike an Old-Growth Forest -- 48. No Lungs? No Problem: Find Red-Backed Salamanders (and Lots of Other Cool Critters) under Stuff -- 49. Headstone Garden: Search for Cemetery Lichens -- 50. Mussel Building: Visit the Mussel Hatchery -- 51. Rats with Wings and Other Common Birds: Start Birding Anytime -- 52. Autumn Glow: Take a Walk in a Field of Wildflowers -- Take Action -- Acknowledgments -- Photo Captions and Credits -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-239) and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2003