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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of CD95 in the regulation of peripheral T-cell apoptosis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 193 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary:  Apoptosis of activated peripheral T cells during the termination phase of an immune response is critical to maintain T-cell homeostasis. Activated T cells can be removed by two mechanisms: activation-induced cell death (AICD) and death by neglect. AICD is triggered by death receptors, whereas death by neglect is induced by cytokine withdrawal. CD95 (APO-1/Fas) belongs to the subfamily of death receptors and plays a major role in AICD. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of AICD, in particular those involving the CD95 system. Moreover, we discuss the relative contribution of AICD and death by neglect to terminate a T-cell immune response. In order to become fully activated, T cells require a second signal provided by antigen-presenting cells. We discuss how these costimulatory signals counteract pro-apoptotic signals and, finally, which signals might protect T cells from death to generate a pool of memory T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2003.00047.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotaxanes with Chiral Stoppers and Complexation of Cations by Podand Axles with Sugar Terminal GroupsDedicated to Professor S. Hünig on the occasion of his 75th birthday. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 495-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Ligand ; Metal complexation ; Podand ; Sugar stopper ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Rotaxanes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new π-donor/π-acceptor type rotaxanes 15, 16 bearing chiral sugar units as blocking groups have been synthesized in 2% and 6% yield, starting from acetobromo glucose 10 and the podands 8 or 9, followed by the reaction of the resulting axles 11 and 12 with the dicationic bis(bipyridinio) wheel precursor 13 and the bis(bromomethyl) compound 14. The capability of the podands 11 and 12 and of the rotaxanes 15 and 16 to form podate-like complexes with metal salts was investigated by NMR; the effect of metal thiocyanate salt addition was monitored. Distinct changes of proton shifts that indicate complex formation were only observed between the free axles 11, 12 and the metal salts, whereas no major effects were found in case of the rotaxanes 15, 16. Glucose entities were chosen as stopper units in order to support metal complexation as terminal groups and to introduce a source of chirality into the molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970309
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexible, Long-Chain Alkanediamines as Building Blocks for Catenanes - Steric Hindrance of Circumrotation by DerivatizationDedicated to Professor Vincenzo Balzani, Bologna, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 761-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Catenanes ; Circumrotation ; Macrocycles ; Mechanical bonds ; Template syntheses ; Host-guest chemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New catenanes of the amide-linked type, such as 11 with one macrocycle containing two (CH2)12 chains are synthesized from long-chain alkanediamines in yields of up to 21%. Consequently, the preorganization afforded by fixed and angular building units - so far considered essential - proves not to be necessary. The new sulfonamide catenanes exhibit high conformational flexibility. However, the circumrotation of one of the macrocycles can be hindered by substitution with bipyridine units at the sulfonamide nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970420
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Ionic Template Synthesis of Amide-Linked Rotaxanes: Olefinic and Aliphatic Axle Building Blocks (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 2269-2273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Association constant ; Mechanical bonding ; Molecular recognition ; Template synthesis ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first synthesis of amide-linked rotaxanes with non-arene axle building blocks is reported. The threading synthesis of rotaxane 8 with olefinic fumaryl chloride proves that arene moieties are not necessary for non-ionic template syntheses. Mass spectroscopic evidence of a rotaxane bearing an aliphatic axle, derived from succinic acid, revealed that hydrogen bonding, rather than π,π interactions, is the predominant template binding force. 1H-NMR titration studies on the threading synthesis of these mechanically bonded molecules were carried out. The association constants measured suggest that the incorporation of the corresponding monoamide monochloride (cf. 7), rather than the incorporation of the diacid dichloride (cf. 5), plays the key role in these rotaxane syntheses. The X-ray structural analysis of a semi axle (14) reveals hydrogen bonding patterns characteristic of diamides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719971114
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