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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Age, comment; Biological sample; BIOS; DATE/TIME; Identification; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Number; Prey taxa; Sample mass; Sample type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 212 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Biological sample; BIOS; Class; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Family; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Percentage; Prey taxa; Somniosus microcephalus, stomach content
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 213 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Biological sample; BIOS; DATE/TIME; Identification; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Mass; Sex; Somniosus microcephalus, fork length; Somniosus microcephalus, mass; Somniosus microcephalus, total length
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 270 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Biological sample; BIOS; Class; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Family; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Percentage; Prey taxa; Somniosus microcephalus, stomach content
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 62 data points
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wiig, Øystein; Bachmann, Lutz; Øien, Nils; Kovacs, Kit Maureen; Lydersen, Christian (2010): Observations of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Svalbard area 1940-2009. Polar Biology, 33(7), 979-984, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0776-1
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Forty-six sightings of bowhead whales have been reported from the Svalbard area between 1940 and 2009. But, only three of these sightings are reported prior to 1980. Most observations involve only one or two whales, but groups of up to seven individuals have been seen recently. Increased ship traffic, particularly cruise-based tourism, in the north undoubtedly provides more opportunities for spotting this species, and the establishment of a structured cetacean sighting programme, as well as increase in effort in documenting sightings from a wider marine user-community, likely all play a role in more records being documented in recent years. The absence of a dedicated monitoring programme for ice-associated cetaceans and the generally low scientific activity level in this field in Svalbard Waters hampers firm conclusions about the trends in abundance of bowhead whales in the Svalbard area.
    Keywords: Area/locality; Balaena mysticetus; Comment; DATE/TIME; Identification; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MULT; Multiple investigations; Quality flag; Reference/source; Svalbard
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 275 data points
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Leclerc, Lisa-Marie E; Lydersen, Christian; Haug, Tore; Bachmann, Lutz; Fisk, Aaron T; Kovacs, Kit Maureen (2012): A missing piece in the Arctic food web puzzle? Stomach contents of Greenland sharks sampled in Svalbard, Norway. Polar Biology, 35(8), 1197-1208, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1166-7
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Harbour seals in Svalbard have short longevity, despite being protected from human hunting and having limited terrestrial predation at their haulout sites, low contaminant burdens and no fishery by-catch issues. This led us to explore the diet of Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) in this region as a potential seal predator. We examined gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) from 45 Greenland sharks in this study. These sharks ranged from 229 to 381 cm in fork length and 136-700 kg in body mass; all were sexually immature. Seal and whale tissues were found in 36.4 and 18.2%, respectively, of the GITs that had contents (n = 33). Based on genetic analyses, the dominant seal prey species was the ringed seal (Pusa hispida); bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) and hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) tissues were each found in a single shark. The sharks had eaten ringed seal pups and adults based on the presence of lanugo-covered prey (pups) and age determinations based on growth rings on claws (〈1 year and adults). All of the whale tissue was from minke whale (Balenoptera acutorostrata) offal, from animals that had been harvested in the whale fishery near Svalbard. Fish dominated the sharks' diet, with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) being the most important fish species. Circumstantial evidence suggests that these sharks actively prey on seals and fishes, in addition to eating carrion such as the whale tissue. Our study suggests that Greenland sharks may play a significant predatory role in Arctic food webs.
    Keywords: Biological sample; BIOS; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: DNA fingerprinting ; genetic differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Rund 53 % der Vogelarten Madagaskars sind endemisch. Viele dieser Arten sind an Waldhabitate gebunden und durch die Verinselung der madagassischen Wälder hochgradig bedroht. In dem vorliegenden Projekt wird die Auswirkung der Verinselung auf die genetische Variabilität und die genetische Differenzierung von vier endemischen Vogelarten am Beispiel des Reservats von Ambohitantely im zentralen Hochland Madagaskars untersucht. Ambohitantely beinhaltet mehr als 500 Waldfragmente von 0,64 ha bis 1250 ha. Untersucht wurden: 1. die WaldartFoudia omissa, 2.Monticola (früherPseudocossyphus)sharpei, eine Art mit starker Bevorzugung für primäre Waldlebensräume, die aber gelegentlich auch in Sekundärvegetation auftritt, sowie 3.Terpsiphone mutata und 4.Foudia madagascariensis, beides Arten, die sowohl in Wäldern als auch in offenen Landschaften vorkommen. Die unterschiedliche Abhängigkeit dieser Arten von Waldhabitaten und der damit verbundenen Möglichkeit, offene Landschaften zwischen den Waldfragmenten zu überbrücken, führte zur Frage, ob die Verinselung die genetische Vielfalt der untersuchten Populationen beeinflußt. Für die genetischen Analysen wurden Blutproben von Tieren aus drei Gebieten mit 1250 ha, 136 ha und 28 ha gesammelt. Die Proben wurden mit Multilocus-Fingerprints genetisch charakterisiert. Zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt konnte kein Einfluß der Fragmentierung auf die genetische Populationsstruktur der vier untersuchten Arten nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary This study focuses on some genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in populations of four endemic bird species (Monticola sharpei, Terpsiphone mutata, Foudia omissa, andFoudia madagascariensis) living in the understory of forests in the Réserve Spéciale d'Ambohitantely on the Central High Plateau of Madagascar. The four species differ in their dependency on forest habitats, which may be related to their migration abilities between isolated forest fragments. Genetic variation was analysed on the basis of multi-locus fingerprints in order to study the influence of migration and habitat size on the genetic variability of local populations. There was no evidence that forest fragmentation affects any of the four species with respect to genetic variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Concerted evolution ; Noncoding DNA ; Recombination ; Sequence homogenization ; Unequal crossing-over
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three specific satellite DNA families can be detected in the genome of the cave cricketDolichopoda schiavazzii. ThepDoP102 and thepDsPv400 families are species specific forD. schiavazzii; thepDoP500 family is probably present in allDolichopoda species. The three satellite DNA families were characterized from individuals of three isolated populations ofD. schiavazzii with respect to nucleotide sequence, sequence complexity, sequence variability, and copy number. This unique data set on satellite DNAs of D. schiavazzii seems to allow one to test the significance of theoretical approaches to the mode of evolution of noncoding, tandemly arranged satellite DNA. At least for satellite DNAs ofD. schiavazzii two clear trends were observed: (1) sequence variability increases with copy number and (2) the repeat length decreases with copy number. The first trend is in good agreement with the theory but the second is not. Thus, a revision of the models is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Repetitive DNA ; Tandem repeats ; Sequence analysis ; Recombination ; Isolated populations ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The satellite DNA family pDoP102 is species specific for the cave cricket Dolichopoda schiavazzii, an endemic species of mainland and insular Tuscany. It consists of numerous tandemly arranged repeats, 102 bp in length, and evolved most probably after cladogenesis of D. schiavazzii from the D. baccettii-aegilion group within the last 2.3 ± 0.8 million years. A sequence comparison of 31 clones (53 repetition units) from three isolated populations reveals a very high degree of sequence homogeneity within the species with no evidence for any specific population features. This appears to be in contrast to the results of allozyme analyses which account for a relatively old evolutionary divergence of the Elba island population from the mainland ones. Since the assumption of actual gene flow and recent colonization is rejected, the observed sequence homogeneity is hypothesized to be maintained by recombination processes preventing fixation of newly introduced mutations on pDoP102 sequence clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Highly repetitive DNA ; DNA evolution ; Genome evolution ; Sequence analysis ; Heterochromatic sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pvB370 BamHI tandemly repeated satellite DNA family was isolated and analyzed in eight species of the Drosophila virilis group and is probably common to all its members. Unexpectedly, the satellite DNA family showed similar levels of intra- and interspecific sequence variability. An EMBL gene-bank search revealed a high degree of similarity between the members of the pvB370 BamHI satellite DNA sequence family and the direct terminal repeats of the mobile dispersed genetic pDv elements described in D. virilis and other species of the group. However, no similarity was observed to the transcribed and translated part of the pDv elements. It is suggested that the satellite DNA repeats are phylogenetically older than the mobile dispersed genetic pDv element and that the functional pDv elements might have derived from the satellite DNA family through an insertion of a tandemly repeated 36-bp transcription unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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