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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Norwegian Medical Association ; 2011
    In:  Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening Vol. 131, No. 17 ( 2011), p. 1667-1669
    In: Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, Norwegian Medical Association, Vol. 131, No. 17 ( 2011), p. 1667-1669
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-2001
    Language: Norwegian
    Publisher: Norwegian Medical Association
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039570-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Medical Ethics Vol. 47, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. e45-e45
    In: Journal of Medical Ethics, BMJ, Vol. 47, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. e45-e45
    Abstract: Caesarean delivery is a common and life-saving intervention. However, it involves an overall increased risk for short-term and long-term complications for both mother and child compared with vaginal delivery. From a medical point of view, healthcare professionals should, therefore, not recommend caesarean sections without any anticipated medical benefit. Consequently, caesarean sections requested by women for maternal reasons can cause conflict between professional recommendations and maternal autonomy. How can we assure ethically justified decisions in the case of caesarean sections on maternal request in healthcare systems that also respect patients’ autonomy and aspire for shared decisions? In the maternal–professional relationship, which can be characterised in terms of reciprocal obligations and rights, women may not be entitled to demand a C-section. Nevertheless, women have a right to respect for their deliberative capacity in the decision-making process. How should we deal with a situation of non-agreement between a woman and healthcare professional when the woman requests a caesarean section in the absence of obvious medical indications? In this paper, we illustrate how the maternal–professional relationship is embedded in a nexus of power, trust and risk that reinforces a structural inferiority for women. To accommodate for beneficial use of power, these decision processes need to be trustworthy. We propose a framework, inspired by Lukes’ three-dimensional notion of power, which serves to facilitate trust and allows for beneficial power in shared processes of decision-making about the delivery mode for women requesting planned C-sections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-6800 , 1473-4257
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026397-1
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    SSG: 5,1
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  • 3
    In: Bioethics, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2011-09), p. 394-402
    Abstract: Clinical ethical support services (CESS) represent a multifaceted field of aims, consultancy models, and methodologies. Nevertheless, the overall aim of CESS can be summed up as contributing to healthcare of high ethical standards by improving ethically competent decision‐making in clinical healthcare. In order to support clinical care adequately, CESS must pay systematic attention to all real‐life ethical issues, including those which do not fall within the ‘favourite’ ethical issues of the day. In this paper we attempt to capture a comprehensive overview of categories of ethical tensions in clinical care. We present an analytical exposition of ethical structural features in judgement‐based clinical care predicated on the assumption of the moral equality of human beings and the assessment of where healthcare contexts pose a challenge to achieving moral equality. The account and the emerging overview is worked out so that it can be easily contextualized with regards to national healthcare systems and specific branches of healthcare, as well as local healthcare institutions. By considering how the account and the overview can be applied to i) improve the ethical competence of healthcare personnel and consultants by broadening their sensitivity to ethical tensions, ii) identify neglected areas for ethical research, and iii) clarify the ethical responsibility of healthcare institutions' leadership, as well as specifying required institutionalized administration, we conclude that the proposed account should be considered useful for CESS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9702 , 1467-8519
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480658-7
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    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library ; 2013
    In:  Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics , No. 2 ( 2013-11-26), p. 3-17
    In: Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library, , No. 2 ( 2013-11-26), p. 3-17
    Abstract: I Norge er ikke surrogati tillatt, og myndighetene fraråder norske statsborgere å benytte seg av surrogati i utlandet. I denne artikkelen fokuserer vi på kommersiell gestational surrogati og stiller spørsmålet: Bør man tillate at norske statsborgere benytter seg av surrogati i India? De etiske problemstillingene rundt surrogati er mange og sammensatte og blir spesielt utfordrende når tjenesten tilbys i et land med store kulturelle og økonomiske forskjeller både internt og i forhold til Norge. Vi baserer analysen og drøftingen av dette etisk utfordrende spørsmålet på Beauchamps og Childress sin veletablerte metodiske tilnærming innen biomedisinsk etikk. Vi anvender de fire allmennmoralske prinsipper: respekt for autonomi, velgjørenhet, ikke-skade og rettferdighet på sakskomplekset for å synliggjøre spenningene involvert i dette etiske dilemmaet. Med full bevissthet om at det ikke finnes noen lettvinte og omkostningsfrie løsninger på dilemmaer generelt og dette spesielt, konkluderer vi med at interessene til de berørte parter, og spesielt surrogatmødrenes, kan bli bedre ivaretatt om surrogati tillates under omfattende reguleringer. Dersom man velger å gjøre praksisen illegal, vil man også miste mulighetene til å påvirke prosessen og sikre rettighetene til de involverte partene.Nøkkelord: surrogati, Norge–India, utnyttelse, autonomi, regulering av prosessenEnglish summary: Should Norwegian citizens be permitted to use surrogacy in India?Surrogacy is not permitted in Norway, and the government strongly advises against Norwegian citizens travelling abroad to have children through the use of the surrogacy industry. In this article, we focus on commercial gestational surrogacy and debate the question: Should Norwegian citizens be permitted to use surrogacy in India? The ethical concerns regarding surrogacy are complex and are especially challenging when the service is offered in a country with big cultural and economic differences both internal and in comparison to Norway. We base our analysis of this ethical, challenging question on Beauchamp’s and Childress’s well-established approach within biomedical ethics. We apply the four principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice to shed light on the conflicts of interests in this ethical dilemma. With full awareness that there are no simple and correct solutions to dilemmas in general and on this issue, especially, our conclusion is that the interests of the involved parties, and especially those of the surrogate mothers, might be better attended to if surrogacy is allowed with extensive regulations. If this practice is made illegal, the opportunity to influence the process and secure the rights of the involved parties is lost.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1890-4009 , 1890-3991
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2576885-2
    SSG: 5,1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  BMC Medical Ethics Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    In: BMC Medical Ethics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Abstract: Rationing and allocation decisions at the clinical level – bedside rationing – entail complex dilemmas that clinicians and managers often find difficult to handle. There is a lack of mechanisms and aids for promoting fair decisions, especially in hard cases. Reports indicate that clinical ethics committees (CECs) sometimes handle cases that involve bedside rationing dilemmas. Can CECs have a legitimate role to play in bedside rationing? Main text Aided by two frameworks for legitimate priority setting, we discuss how CECs can contribute to enhanced epistemic, procedural and political legitimacy in bedside rationing decisions. Drawing on previous work we present brief case vignettes and outline several potential roles that CECs may play, and then discuss whether these might contribute to rationing decisions becoming legitimate. In the process, key prerequisites for such legitimacy are identified. Legitimacy places demands on aspects such as the CEC’s deliberation process, the involvement of stakeholders, transparency of process, the opportunity to appeal decisions, and the competence of CEC members. On these conditions, CECs can help strengthen the legitimacy of some of the rationing decisions clinicians and managers have to make. Conclusions On specified conditions, CECs can have a well-justified advisory role to play in order to enhance the legitimacy of bedside rationing decisions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6939
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041552-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Medical Ethics Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    In: BMC Medical Ethics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Research proactively and deliberately aims to bring about specific changes to how societies function and individual lives fare. However, in the ever-expanding field of ethical regulations and guidance for researchers, one ethical consideration seems to have passed under the radar: How should researchers act when pursuing actual, societal changes based on their academic work? Main text When researchers engage in the process of bringing about societal impact to tackle local or global challenges important concerns arise: cultural, social and political values and institutions can be put at risk, transformed or even hampered if researchers lack awareness of how their ‘acting to impact’ influences the social world. With today’s strong focus on research impacts, addressing such ethical challenges has become urgent within in all fields of research involved in finding solutions to the challenges societies are facing. Due to the overall goal of doing something good that is often inherent in ethical approaches, boundaries to researchers’ impact of something good is neither obvious, nor easy to detect. We suggest that it is time for the field of bioethics to explore normative boundaries for researchers’ pursuit of impact and to consider, in detail, the ethical obligations that ought to shape this process, and we provide a four-step framework of fair conditions for such an approach. Our suggested approach within this field can be useful for other fields of research as well. Conclusion With this paper, we draw attention to how the transition from pursuing impact within the Academy to trying to initiate and achieve impact beyond the Academy ought to be configured, and the ethical challenges inherent in this transition. We suggest a stepwise strategy to identify, discuss and constitute consensus-based boundaries to this academic activity. This strategy calls for efforts from a multi-disciplinary team of researchers, advisors from the humanities and social sciences, as well as discussants from funding institutions, ethical committees, politics and the society in general. Such efforts should be able to offer new and useful assistance to researchers, as well as research funding agencies, in choosing ethically acceptable, impact-pursuing projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6939
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041552-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  BMJ Health Care Inform Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2022-04), p. e100445-
    In: BMJ Health Care Inform, BMJ, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2022-04), p. e100445-
    Abstract: To demonstrate what it takes to reconcile the idea of fairness in medical algorithms and machine learning (ML) with the broader discourse of fairness and health equality in health research. Method The methodological approach used in this paper is theoretical and ethical analysis. Result We show that the question of ensuring comprehensive ML fairness is interrelated to three quandaries and one dilemma. Discussion As fairness in ML depends on a nexus of inherent justice and fairness concerns embedded in health research, a comprehensive conceptualisation is called for to make the notion useful. Conclusion This paper demonstrates that more analytical work is needed to conceptualise fairness in ML so it adequately reflects the complexity of justice and fairness concerns within the field of health research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-1009
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3003028-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  The American Journal of Bioethics Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 71-73
    In: The American Journal of Bioethics, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 71-73
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-5161 , 1536-0075
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2035206-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS ; 2018
    In:  Tidsskrift for omsorgsforskning Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2018-08-15), p. 114-116
    In: Tidsskrift for omsorgsforskning, Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2018-08-15), p. 114-116
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2387-5976 , 2387-5984
    Language: Norwegian
    Publisher: Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2963068-X
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  • 10
    In: Midwifery, Elsevier BV, Vol. 88 ( 2020-09), p. 102764-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0266-6138
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2009032-8
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