Keywords:
Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) - Indian Ocean Region.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
To understand the global warming mechanism, global mapping of primary production was carried out under the GCMAPS program. The program was concerned with marine and terrestrial environmental changes, which affect carbon cycle on the regional and global scales. On the regional scale, warm phase of ENSO (El Niño / Southern Oscillation) has been shown to affect economic activities in many countries. The keyword for understanding mechanism of global warming is 'primary productivity'. The earth observation satellites (EOS) like the ADEOS of Japan, and the SeaWiFS, Sea Star and Terra of the U.S.A. provided much required data for modeling and verification of primary production estimates on both land and ocean. The knowledge gained during the GCMAPS program has been documented in this book. Interpretation of the data suggests that global warming, which causes temperature and sea level rise, and changes in climate and ecosystems, is likely to have the largest influence on mankind. The first half of this book discuss changes in marine environments. Physical and chemical oceanographic properties of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans are presented. Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, flux and composition of settling particles and biological communities in the surface ocean have also been discussed. In addition to this, over hundred years of environmental records based upon coral skeletons are presented. Estimations of primary production and its utilization in validating satellite imagery data were conducted in the western North Pacific. Primary productivity estimates based upon the validated satellite imagery are presented on the global scale. Climate change modeling of primary production in global oceans is also presented. The latter half of this book deals with changes in terrestrial environments. Primary productivity estimates for
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (531 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080469416
Series Statement:
Issn Series ; v.Volume 73
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=285816
DDC:
551.6
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Global Climate Change and Response of Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Landmasses -- Copyright page -- List of Contributors -- Contents -- Chapter 1. Long-Term Trend of the Partial Pressure of CO2 in Surface Waters and Sea-Air CO2 Flux in the Equatorial Pacific -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Observations -- 3. Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- Chapter 2. Global Change and Oceanic Primary Productivity: Effects of Ocean-Atmosphere-Biological Feedbacks -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ocean Biotic Feedbacks with Centennial Climate Change -- 3. Ocean-Atmosphere - Ecosystem Feedback Processes -- 4. Absorption of Radiation by Phytoplankton in the Upper Ocean -- 5. Production of Atmospheric DMS by Oceanic Phytoplankton -- 6. Deposition of Aeolian Dust on the Ocean by the Atmosphere -- 7. Changes in Oceanic Community Composition by Climate Changes -- 8. Primary Productivity Response to Climate Change in the North Pacific -- 9. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3. Simulated In Situ Measurements of Primary Production in Japanese Waters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 4. Depth and Time Resolved Primary Productivity Model Examined for Optical Properties of Water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Depth and Time Resolved Primary Productivity Model -- 3. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 5. Settling Particles in the Central North Pacific -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material and Analytical Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 6. Understanding Biogeochemical Processes in the Pacific Ocean on the Basis of Labile Components of Settling Particles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study Area -- 3. Methodology -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements.
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Chapter 7. Monsoonal Impacts on the Biological Pump in the Northern Indian Ocean as Discerned from Sediment Trap Experiments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study Area -- 3. Methods -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 5. Factors Terminating Peak Fluxes during the Late NE and SW Monsoon -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- Chapter 8. Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow: A Review and Model-to-Data Comparison -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Velocity and Property Structure of the Throughflow -- 3. Model-to-Data Comparisons: Method -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 9. Coral Records of the 1990s in the Tropical Northwest Pacific: ENSO, Mass Coral Bleaching, and Global Warming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study Sites: Tropical Northwestern Pacific -- 3. Materials and Methods -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 10. Recent Advances in Coral Biomineralization with Implications for Paleo-Climatology: A Brief Overview -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development and Problems Associated with Coral Paleo-Temperature Proxies -- 3. Biological Sources of Discrepancies in Modern Calibrations -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 11. Potential Feedback Mechanism Between Phytoplankton and Upper Ocean Circulation with Oceanic Radiative Transfer Processes Influenced by Phytoplankton - Numerical Ocean General Circulation Models and an Analytical Solution -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ocean General Circulation Model with Photosynthesis Effects -- 3. Feedback Mechanism between Phytoplankton and the Oceanic Environment -- 4. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 12. Precession and ENSO-Like Variability in the Equatorial Indo-Pacific Ocean -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Material -- 4. Primary Production Variability along the Equatorial Indo-Pacific -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgements.
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Chapter 13. Methods of Estimating Plant Productivity and CO2 Flux in Agro-Ecosystems - Liking Measurements, Process Models, and Remotely Sensed Information -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Remote Sensing of Ecophysiological Parameters as Related to Plant Productivity and Carbon Cycle -- 3. Methodology of Synergizing Remotely Sensed Information and Biophysical and Ecophysiological Process Models -- 4. A Simple Method for Estimating NPP Using Remotely Sensed Information as Input -- 5. Measurement of Ecosystem CO2 Flux as Related to Remotely Sensed Information - A Case Study -- 6. Predicting Dynamic Change of Biomass and Ecosystem CO2 Flux based on Synergy of Remotely Sensed Data and A SVAT Model -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 14. Absorption of Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Dry-matter Production, and Light-use Efficiency of Terrestrial Vegetation: A Global Model Simulation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix: How Incident PAR and PPFD is Estimated in this Study -- Chapter 15. Terrestrial Net Primary Production (NPP) Estimation Using NOAA Satellite Imagery: Inter-annual Changes between 1982 and 1999 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 16. Global Mapping of Net Primary Production -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Primary Production -- 3. Outlines of NPP Estimation -- 4. Results and Discussions -- 5. Conclusion -- Chapter 17. Slash-and-Burn Agriculture in a Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.) Plantation: Effects of Fire on Nutrients and Soil Emissions of Carbon Dioxide -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 18. Leaf and Shoot Ecophysiological Properties and Their Role in Photosynthetic Carbon gain of Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forest Trees.
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1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 19. Seasonal Variations in CH4 Uptake and CO2 Emission by a Japanese Temperate Deciduous Forest Soil -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Index -- Colour Plate Section.
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