Anmerkung: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Contents -- CHAPTER 1 NMR Books and Reviews -- CHAPTER 2 Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1.1 General Theory -- 1.2 Ab Initio Calculations -- 1.3 Semiempirical Calculations -- 2 Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor -- 2.2 Rovibrational Averaging and Shielding Surfaces -- 2.3 Isotope Shifts -- 2.4 Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Applications of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Various Chemical and Physical Influences on Nuclear Shieldings -- 1.1 Computer Assisted Structural Assignment -- 1.1.1 Spectrum Simulation and Related Techniques -- 1.1.2 Computer Assisted Assignments and Nuclear Shielding Calculations -- 1.2 Stereochemical Nuclear Shielding Non-equivalence -- 1.2.1 Asymmetric Determination -- 1.2.2 Other Stereochemistry Determinations -- 1.3 Isotope Effects -- 1.4 Substituent Effects -- 1.4.1 Proton Substituent Effects -- 1.4.2 Carbon Substituent Effects -- 1.4.3 Heteroatom Substituent Effects -- 1.5 Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Effects and Related Effects -- 1.5.1 Proton Shifts -- 1.5.2 Heteronuclear Shifts -- 1.6 Bond Anisotropy, Ring Current Effects and Aromaticity -- 1.7 Inclusion Phenomena and Related Effects -- 1.7.1 ß-Cyclodextrin -- 1.7.2 Miscellaneous Hosts -- 1.8 Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Effects and Related Effects -- 1.8.1 Proton Shifts -- 1.8.2 Heteronuclear Shifts -- 1.9 Other Miscellaneous Topics -- 2 Shieldings of Particular Nuclear Species -- 2.1 Group 1 -- 2.1.1 Hydrogen (1H) -- 2.1.2 Hydrogen (2,3H) -- 2.1.3 Lithium (6,7Li) -- 2.1.4 Sodium (23Na) -- 2.1.5 Potassium (39K) -- 2.1.6 Rubidium (87Rb) -- 2.1.7 Caesium (133Cs) -- 2.2 Group 2 -- 2.2.1 Beryllium (9Be) -- 2.2.2 Calcium (43Ca) -- 2.3 Group 3 -- 2.3.1 Yttrium (89Y). , 2.3.2 Lanthanum (139La) -- 2.3.3 Ytterbium (171Yb) -- 2.4 Group 4 -- 2.4.1 Titanium (47,49Ti) -- 2.4.2 Zirconium (91Zr) -- 2.5 Group 5 -- 2.5.1 Vanadium (51V) -- 2.5.2 Niobium (93Nb) -- 2.6 Group 6 -- 2.6.1 Molybdenum (95Mo) -- 2.6.2 Tungsten (183W) -- 2.7 Group 7 -- 2.7.1 Manganese (55Mn) -- 2.8 Group 8 -- 2.8.1 Iron(57Fe) -- 2.9 Group 9 -- 2.9.1 Cobalt (59Co) -- 2.9.2 Rhodium (103Co) -- 2.10 Group 10 -- 2.10.1 Platinum (195Pt) -- 2.11 Group 11 -- 2.11.1 Copper (63Cu) -- 2.11.2 Silver (109Ag) -- 2.12 Group 12 -- 2.12.1 Cadmium (111,113Cd) -- 2.12.2 Mercury (199Hg) -- 2.13 Group 13 -- 2.13.1 Boron (11B) -- 2.13.2 Aluminium (27Al) -- 2.13.3 Thallium (205Tl) -- 2.14 Group 14 -- 2.14.1 Carbon (13C) -- 2.14.2 Silicon (29Si) -- 2.14.3 Germanium (73Ge) -- 2.14.4 Tin (119Sn) -- 2.14.5 Lead (207Pb) -- 2.15 Group 15 -- 2.15.1 Nitrogen (14,15N) -- 2.15.2 Phosphorus (13P) -- 2.15.3 Arsenic (75As) -- 2.16 Group 16 -- 2.16.1 Oxygen (17O) -- 2.16.2 Sulphur (33S) -- 2.16.3 Selenium (77Se) -- 2.16.4 Tellurium (125Te) -- 2.17 Group 17 -- 2.17.1 Fluorine (19F) -- 2.17.2 Chlorine (35Cl) -- 2.17.3 Bromine (81Br) -- 2.18 Group 18 -- 2.18.1 Neon (21Ne), Krypton (83Kr), and Xenon (131Xe) -- 2.18.2 Xenon (129Xe) -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ab Initio Calculations -- 2.1 Many-Body Perturbation Method -- 2.2 Quadratic Configuration Interaction Calculation -- 2.3 Bond Length and Bond Angle Dependence of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 2.4 A Sum-Over-States Formulation of the Diamagnetic Contribution -- 3 Conformational Study Using the Karplus Equation -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Application of New Methods -- 3 One-Bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 4 One-Bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 5 Two-Bond Couplings to Hydrogen. , 6 Two-Bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 7 Three-Bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings -- 8 Three-Bond Couplings between Hydrogen and Heteronuclei -- 9 Three-Bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 10 Couplings Over More than Three-Bonds and 'Through Space' -- References -- CHAPTER 6 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General, Physical and Experimental Aspects -- 2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2 Experimental Aspects -- 2.3 Coupled Spin Systems -- 2.4 Exchange Spectroscopy -- 2.5 Quadrupolar Relaxation -- 2.6 Intermolecular Dipolar Interactions -- 2.7 Paramagnetically Enhanced Relaxation -- 2.8 Molecular Reorientations and Internal Motions -- 3 Selected Applications -- 3.1 Pure Liquids and Non-Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.2 Electrolyte Solutions and Molten Salts -- 3.3 Alkali Metal Complexes and Electrides -- 3.4 Transition Metal Complexes -- 4 Self-Diffusion in Liquids -- 4.1 Experimental Aspects -- 4.2 Applications -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Solid State NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Fundamental Aspects: Theoretical and Experimental -- 3.1 Theory -- 3.2 New Pulse Sequences and Developments of Existing Pulse Sequences -- 3.3 Determination of NMR Parameters and Other Fundamental Information -- 3.4 Other Experimental Aspects -- 4 Chemical Applications -- 4.1 13C NMR -- 4.1.1 Organic Solids -- 4.1.2 Zeolites, Aluminophosphates, and Related Materials -- 4.1.3 Organometallics and Coordination Compounds -- 4.1.4 Other Inorganic Materials -- 4.1.5 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 4.2 27Al and 29Si NMR -- 4.2.1 Zeolites, Aluminophosphates, and Related Materials -- 4.2.2 Organometallics and Coordination Compounds -- 4.2.3 Other Inorganic Materials -- 4.2.4 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 4.2.5 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 4.3 2H NMR -- 4.4 31P NMR -- 4.4.1 Zeolites, Aluminophosphates, and Related Materials. , 4.4.2 Organometallics, Coordination Compounds, and Other Inorganic Materials -- 4.4.3 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 4.4.4 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 4.5 Multinuclear NMR -- 4.5.1 Organic Solids -- 4.5.2 Zeolites, Aluminophosphates, and Related Materials -- 4.5.3 Organometallics and Coordination Compounds -- 4.5.4 Other Inorganic Materials -- 4.5.5 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 4.5.6 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 4.6 NMR of Other Nuclei -- 4.6.1 Organic Solids -- 4.6.2 Zeolites, Aluminophosphates, and Related Materials -- 4.6.3 Organometallics and Coordination Compounds -- 4.6.4 Other Inorganic Materials -- 4.6.5 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 4.6.6 Surface Science and Catalysis -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Multiple Pulse NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Variation of the Radiofrequency Pulse -- 2.1 Solvent Suppression Pulses -- 2.2 Composite and Decoupling Pulses -- 2.3 Selective Excitation Pulses -- 2.4 Gradient Enhanced Spectroscopy -- 2.5 Other Variations of RF Pulses -- 3 Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy -- 3.1 Determination of Scalar Coupling Constants -- 3.2 Isotropic Mixing Experiments -- 3.3 Zero and Multiple Quantum Experiments -- 3.4 Variations of Correlation Spectroscopy -- 4 Dipolar Coupling, Chemical Exchange and Relaxation Time Experiments -- 4.1 Dipolar Coupling and Chemical Exchange -- 4.2 Relaxation Time Measurements -- 5 Heteronuclear Experiments -- 5.1 Direct Detection Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.2 Inverse Proton-Detected Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.3 Scalar Coupling Constants Using Heteronuclear Experiments -- 5.4 Gradient Enhanced Inverse Detection Heteronuclear Experiments -- 6 Methods for the Improvement of Data Quality , -- 7 Three- and Four-Dimensional NMR -- 7.1 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Three-Dimensional Experiments -- 7.2 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Four-Dimensional Experiments. , 7.3 Heteronuclear Double-Resonance Three-Dimensional Experiments -- 7.4 Scalar Coupling Constants Using Triple Resonance Experiments -- 7.5 Scalar Coupling Constants Using Double Resonance Experiments -- 7.6 Gradient Enhanced Three- and Four-Dimensional Heteronuclear Experiments -- 7.7 Homonuclear Experiments -- 8 Computation -- 8.1 Data Processing -- 8.2 Computer-Aided Assignments and Procedures -- 8.3 Extracting Coupling Constants from Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Experiments -- 8.4 Extracting Distance Information from NOESY Data -- 8.5 Theoretical Calculations and Predictions -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Natural Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Peptides -- 3 Proteins -- 3.1 NMR Parameters and Protein Structure -- 3.2 Protein Structure Determinations -- 3.3 Ligand Binding -- 3.4 Mutagenesis -- 3.5 Protein Folding -- 3.6 Protein Dynamics -- 3.7 Metalloproteins -- 4 DNA -- 5 RNA -- 6 Carbohydrates -- 7 Bound Water Molecules -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Synthetic Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Solution State Studies of the Microstructure -- Initiation and Other Minor Events -- Reactions on Polymers -- Polymerization Reactions -- 3 Star, Dendritic and Fractal Polymers -- 4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 5 Networks: the Solution State and Beyond -- 6 Motional Models and Measurement in the Solution, Liquid and Solid States -- 7 Solid State Studies: Single Polymers -- 8 Solid State Studies: Blends of Polymers -- 9 Imaging -- 10 Studies with Heteroatom Resonance Spectroscopy -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Conformational Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Small Organic Molecules -- 4 Nucleic Acids -- 5 Proteins and Peptides -- 6 Ligand Binding -- 7 Carbohydrates -- 8 Membranes -- 9 Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Living Systems. , 1 General Reviews and New Methodology.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface to Third Edition -- Section A - The elements -- A1 The periodic table -- A2 Electron configuration -- A3 Isotopes -- Section B - Chemical bonds and molecular shape -- B1 Molecular orbitals -- B2 Nature of chemical bonding -- B3 Shapes of some small molecules -- B4 Drawing chemical structures -- B5 Cleavage of chemical bonds -- Section C - Water - the biological solvent -- C1 Physical characteristics -- C2 Chemical properties -- Section D - Carbon, the basis for life on Earth -- D1 Properties of carbon -- D2 Naming organic compounds -- Section E - 3D-molecular structure of organic compounds -- E1 Isomerism -- E2 Stereoisomerism -- E3 Optical activity and resolution -- Section F - Small inorganic molecules of biological importance -- F1 Phosphoric acid and phosphates -- F2 Nitrogen -- F3 Oxygen -- Section G - Some metals in biology -- G1 The early transition metals -- G2 Iron -- G3 Magnesium and manganese -- G4 Cobalt and molybdenum -- Section H - Molecular interactions -- H1 Hydrogen bonds -- H2 Hydrophobic interactions -- Section I - Common reaction types of carbon-based compounds -- I1 Reactive species -- I2 Classification of organic reactions -- I3 Factors affecting reactivity -- Section J - Organic compounds by chemical class -- J1 Alcohols and related compounds -- J2 Aldehydes and ketones -- J3 Carboxylic acids and esters -- J4 Amines and amides -- Section K - Aromatic compounds -- K1 Aromaticity -- K2 Natural aromatics -- Section L - Chemical synthesis of biological molecules -- L1 Peptide synthesis -- L2 Oligonucleotide synthesis -- Section M - Important biological macromolecules by class -- M1 Proteins -- M2 Nucleic acids -- M3 Lipids -- M4 Carbohydrates -- Section N - Aqueous behavior -- N1 Lowry-Bronstead acid and base -- N2 Dissociation constants of acids and bases. , N3 Acidity and alkalinity of aqueous solutions -- N4 Buffers and indicators -- N5 Solubility -- Section O - Elementary thermodynamics -- O1 Basic concepts -- O2 First law of thermodynamics -- O3 Second law of thermodynamics -- O4 Gibbs free energy -- Section P - Kinetics -- P1 Introduction -- P2 Determination of reaction order -- P3 Molecularity -- P4 Enzyme kinetics -- P5 Catalysis and thermodynamic versus kinetic control -- Section Q - Spectroscopy -- Q1 The electromagnetic spectrum -- Q2 X-ray diffraction -- Q3 Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry -- Q4 Fluorescence -- Q5 Infrared spectrophotometry -- Q6 Circular dichroism -- Q7 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Q8 Mass spectrometry -- Definitions and conversions -- Abbreviations -- Further Reading -- Index.

Anmerkung: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Contents -- CHAPTER 1 NMR Books and Reviews -- CHAPTER 2 Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1.1 General Theory -- 1.2 Ab Initio Calculations -- 1.3 Semiempirical Calculations -- 2 Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor -- 2.2 Rovibrational Averaging and Shielding Surfaces -- 2.3 Isotope Shifts -- 2.4 Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Applications of Nuclear Shielding -- Introduction -- 1 Various Chemical and Physical Influences on Nuclear Shieldings -- 1.1 Computer Assisted Structural Assignment -- 1.1.1 Spectrum simulation and computer assisted assignments -- 1.1.2 Nuclear shielding calculations -- 1.2 Stereochemical Nuclear Shielding Non-equivalence -- 1.2.1 Asymmetric determination -- 1.2.2 Other stereochemistry determination -- 1.3 Isotope Effects -- 1.4 Substituent Effects -- 1.4.1 Proton substituent effects -- 1.4.2 Carbon substituent effects -- 1.4.3 Heteroatom substituent effects -- 1.5 Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Effects and Related Effects -- 1.5.1 Proton shifts -- 1.5.2 Heteronuclear shifts -- 1.6 Bond Anisotropy, Ring Current Effects and Aromaticity -- 1.7 Inclusion Phenomena and Related Effects -- 1.7.1 Cyclodextrins -- 1.7.2 Miscellaneous hosts -- 1.8 Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Effects and Related Effects -- 1.9 Other Miscellaneous Topics -- 2 Shieldings of Particular Nuclear Species -- 2.1 Group 1 -- 2.1.1 Hydrogen (1H) -- 2.1.2 Deuterium (2H) -- 2.1.3 Tritium (3H) -- 2.1.4 Lithium (6,7Li) -- 2.1.5 Sodium (23Na) -- 2.1.6 Rubidium (85,87Rb) -- 2.1.7 Caesium (133Cs) -- 2.2 Group 2 -- 2.2.1 Beryllium (9Be) -- 2.2.2 Magnesium (25Mg) -- 2.2.3 Calcium (43Ca) -- 2.3 Group 3 and Lanthanides -- 2.3.1 Scandium (45Sc) -- 2.3.2 Yttrium (89Y). , 2.3.3 Lanthanum (139La) -- 2.3.4 Terbium and Erbium (159Tb and 167Er) -- 2.3.5 Ytterbium (171Yb) -- 2.4 Group 4 -- 2.4.1 Zirconium (91Zr) -- 2.5 Group 5 -- 2.5.1 Vanadium (51V) -- 2.5.2 Niobium 93Nb) -- 2.6 Group 6 -- 2.6.1 Molybdenum (95Mo) -- 2.6.2 Tungsten (183W) -- 2.7 Group 7 95 -- 2.7.1 Manganese (55Mn) -- 2.8 Group 8 -- 2.8.1 Iron (57Fe) -- 2.8.2 Ruthenium (99Ru) -- 2.8.3 Osmium (1870s) -- 2.9 Group 9 -- 2.9.1 Cobalt (59Co) -- 2.9.2 Rhodium (103Rh) -- 2.10 Group 10 -- 2.10.1 Platinum (195Pt) -- 2.11 Group 11 -- 2.11.1 Copper (63Cu) -- 2.11.2 Silver (109Ag) -- 2.12 Group 12 -- 2.12.1 Cadmium (11,113Cd) -- 2.12.2 Mercury (199,201Hg) -- 2.13 Group 13 -- 2.13.1 Boron (11B) -- 2.13.2 Aluminium (27Al) -- 2.13.3 Gallium (69,7IGa) -- 2.13.4 Indium (115In) -- 2.13.5 Thallium (205Tl) -- 2.14 Group 14 -- 2.14.1 Carbon (13C) -- 2.14.2 Silicon (29Si) -- 2.14.3 Germanium (73Ge) -- 2.14.4 Tin(119Sn) -- 2.14.5 Lead(207Pb) -- 2.15 Group 15 -- 2.15.1 Nitrogen (14,15N) -- 2.15.2 Phosphorus (13P) -- 2.15.3 Arsenic (75As) -- 2.15.4 Antimony (121,123sb) and Bismuth (209Bi) -- 2.16 Group 16 -- 2.16.1 Oxygen (17O) -- 2.16.2 Sulphur (33S) -- 2.16.3 Selenium (77Se) -- 2.16.4 Tellurium (123,125Te) -- 2.17 Group 17 -- 2.17.1 Fluorine (19F) -- 2.17.2 Chlorine (35Cl) -- 2.17.3 Bromine (81Br) -- 2.18 Group 18 -- 2.18.1 Helium (3He), Neon (21Ne), Krypton (83Kr), and Xenon (131Xe) -- 2.18.2 Xenon (129Xe) -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ab Initio Calculations -- 2.1 Relativistic Theory for Spin-Spin Couplings -- 2.1.1 The Definition of Polarization Propagators -- 2.1.2 The Relativistic Hamiltonian -- 2.1.3 The Relativistic Tensor ĴNN' -- 2.1.4 Relativistic RPA Approximation -- 2.2 Density Functional Theory for Spin-Spin Couplings -- 2.2.1 Method -- 2.2.2 Results -- 2.3 Vicinal Proton-Proton Coupling Constraints 143. , 2.3.1 Methods and Results -- 2.4 One-Bond 13C-13C Couplings -- 2.4.1 Theoretical Study of the 1JCC in Bitetrahedrane -- 2.4.2 The 1Jcc in Ethylene Glycol -- 2.5 The 1JHD in Molecular Hydrogen Complexes -- 2.6 1JCH and 2JHH Surfaces for CH4 -- 2.7 Ab Initio Calculation by Pople Santry Expression -- 3 Semiempirical Calculations -- 4 Conformational Analysis -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Applications of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Application of New Methods -- 3 One-Bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 4 One-Bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 5 Two-Bond Couplings Involving Hydrogen -- 6 Two-Bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 7 Three-Bond Couplings between Hydrogens -- 8 Three-Bond Couplings between Hydrogen and Heteronuclei -- 9 Three-Bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 10 Couplings Over More than Three Bonds and Through Space 193 -- References -- CHAPTER 6 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2 Experimental Aspects -- 2.3 Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems -- 2.4 Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information -- 2.5 Exchange Spectroscopy -- 2.6 Quadrupolar Interactions -- 2.7 Intermolecular Dipolar Interactions in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solutions -- 2.8 Slow Motions in Glasses -- 3 Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 3.1 Pure Liquids and Non-Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.2 Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.3 Low-Temperature Molten Salts -- 3.4 Transition Metal Complexes -- 4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases -- 5 Self-Diffusion in Liquids -- 5.1 Experimental Aspects -- 5.2 Selected Examples -- 6 Direct Current and Electrophoretic NMR -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Solid State NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Fundamental Aspects: Theoretical and Experimental -- 3.1 Theory. , 3.1.1 Sidebands -- 3.1.2 Hamiltonian theory -- 3.1.3 Floquet theory -- 3.1.4 Quadrupolar effects on spin 1/2 nuclei -- 3.1.5 Cross-polarization -- 3.1.6 Ab initio calculations -- 3.1.7 Other systems -- 3.2 New Pulse Sequences, Development of Old Pulse Sequences and New Methodology -- 3.2.1 Cross-polarization -- 3.2.2 Multi-dimensional experiments -- 3.2.3 Quadrupolar nuclei -- 3.2.4 Sideband suppression -- 3.2.5 Dipolar recoupling -- 3.2.6 Imaging -- 3.2.7 Methodology -- 3.2.8 Miscellaneous -- 3.3 Determination of NMR Parameters and Other Fundamental Information -- 3.4 Other Experimental Aspects -- 3.4.1 Cross-polarization -- 3.4.2 Quadrupolar interactions -- 3.4.3 Two-dimensional experiments -- 3.4.4 Deuterium NMR -- 3.4.5 Miscellaneous -- 4 Chemical Applications -- 4.1 13CNMR -- 4.1.1 General organic solids -- 4.1.2 Fullerenes -- 4.1.3 Polymers -- 4.1.4 Coals -- 4.1.5 Biological materials -- 4.1.6 Zeolites and zeotypes -- 4.1.7 Layered and porous material -- 4.1.8 Organometallics -- 4.1.9 Inorganic materials -- 4.1.10 Inclusion compounds -- 4.1.11 Amorphous materials -- 4.1.12 Catalysis -- 4.2 27A1 and 29Si NMR -- 4.2.1 Zeolites and zeotypes -- 4.2.2 Layered and porous material -- 4.2.3 Organometallics -- 4.2.4 Inorganic materials -- 4.2.5 Semiconductors -- 4.2.6 Minerals -- 4.2.7 Amorphous materials -- 4.2.8 Catalysis -- 4.3 1H and 2H NMR -- 4.3.1 General organic solids -- 4.3.2 Polymers -- 4.3.3 Biological Materials -- 4.3.4 Zeolites and zeotypes -- 4.3.5 Organometallics -- 4.3.6 Inorganic Materials -- 4.3.7 Inclusion Compounds -- 4.3.8 Catalysis -- 4.4 Multinuclear NMR -- 4.4.1 General organic solids -- 4.4.2 Fullerenes -- 4.4.3 Polymers -- 4.4.4 Zeolites and zeotypes -- 4.4.5 Layered and porous material -- 4.4.6 Organometallics -- 4.4.7 Inorganic materials -- 4.4.8 Semiconductors -- 4.4.9 Inclusion compounds -- 4.4.10 Catalysis. , 4.5 Other Nuclei -- 4.5.1 General organic solids -- 4.5.2 Biological materials -- 4.5.3 Zeolites and zeotypes and layered materials -- 4.5.4 Organometallics -- 4.5.5 Inorganic materials -- 4.5.6 Semiconductors -- 4.5.7 Inclusion compounds -- 4.5.8 Glasses -- 4.5.9 Catalysis -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Multiple Pulse NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Variation of the Radiofrequency Pulse -- 2.1 Composite and Decoupling Pulses -- 2.2 Selective Excitation Pulses -- 2.3 Gradient Enhanced Spectroscopy -- 2.4 Other Variations of RF Pulses -- 2.5 Solvent Suppression -- 3 Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy -- 3.1 Determination of Scalar Coupling Constants -- 3.2 Zero and Multiple Quantum Experiments -- 3.3 Variations of Correlation Spectroscopy -- 3.4 TOCSY-type Experiments -- 4 Dipolar Coupling, Chemical Exchange and Relaxation Time Experiments -- 4.1 Dipolar Coupling and Chemical Exchange -- 4.2 Relaxation Time Measurements -- 5 Heteronuclear Experiments -- 5.1 Direct Detection Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.2 Inverse Proton-Detected Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.3 Scalar Coupling Constants Using Heteronuclear Proton-Detection Experiments -- 5.3.1 Coupling Constant from Resolved Peak Multiplet -- 5.3.2 Coupling Constants from Peak Intensities -- 5.4 Gradient Enhanced Inverse Detection Heteronuclear Experiments -- 5.4.1 B0 Gradients -- 5.4.2 B1 Gradients -- 6 Methods for the Improvement of Data Quality -- 7 Triple Resonance NMR -- 7.1 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Three-Dimensional Experiments -- 7.2 Triple Resonance Two-Dimensional Experiments -- 7.3 Gradient Enhanced 3D and 4D Heteronuclear Experiments -- 7.4 Selective 3D Experiments -- 8 Computation -- 8.1 Data Processing -- 8.2 Computer-Aided Assignments and Procedures -- 8.3 Computer Simulations -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Natural Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Peptides -- 3 Proteins. , 3.1 NMR Parameters and Protein Structure.