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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Agulhas- and South Atlantic current components (2017)
    Kiel : Inst. für Meereskunde
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Statistik ; Atlantischer Ozean Süd ; Agulhasstrom ; Meeresströmung ; Meerwasser ; Austausch ; Geschichte 1997-1999
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 Seiten, 26 MB) , Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 318
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/6441/
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/ifm_ber_318
    DOI: 10.3289/ifm_ber_318
    Language: English
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    Link to Library Catalog
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  • 2
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    Water temperature data from southern elephant seal from Marion Island with links to datasets
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: As the Antarctic Circumpolar Current crosses the South-West Indian Ocean Ridge, it creates an extensive eddy field characterised by high sea level anomaly variability. We investigated the diving behaviour of female southern elephant seals from Marion Island during their post-moult migrations in relation to this eddy field in order to determine its role in the animals' at-sea dispersal. Most seals dived within the region significantly more often than predicted by chance, and these dives were generally shallower and shorter than dives outside the eddy field. Mixed effects models estimated reductions of 44.33 ± 3.00 m (maximum depth) and 6.37 ± 0.10 min (dive duration) as a result of diving within the region, along with low between-seal variability (maximum depth: 5.5 % and dive duration: 8.4 %). U-shaped dives increased in frequency inside the eddy field, whereas W-shaped dives with multiple vertical movements decreased. Results suggest that Marion Island's adult female elephant seals' dives are characterised by lowered cost-of-transport when they encounter the eddy field during the start and end of their post-moult migrations. This might result from changes in buoyancy associated with varying body condition upon leaving and returning to the island. Our results do not suggest that the eddy field is a vital foraging ground for Marion Island's southern elephant seals. However, because seals preferentially travel through this area and likely forage opportunistically while minimising transport costs, we hypothesise that climate-mediated changes in the nature or position of this region may alter the seals' at-sea dispersal patterns.
    Keywords: MAR2007; MAR2007_sel_a_f_02; MAR2007_sel_a_f_06; MAR2007_sel_a_f_18; MAR2007_sel_a_m_23; MAR2008; MAR2008_sel_a_f_08; MAR2008_sel_a_f_10; MAR2008_sel_a_f_11; MAR2008_sel_a_f_12; MAR2008_sel_a_f_14; MAR2008_sel_a_f_15; MAR2008_sel_a_f_16; MAR2008_sel_a_f_18; MAR2008_sel_a_f_23; MAR2008_sel_s_m_01; MAR2008_sel_s_m_03; MAR2009; MAR2009_sel_a_f_04; MAR2009_sel_a_f_05; MAR2009_sel_a_f_06; MAR2009_sel_a_f_07; MAR2009_sel_a_f_08; MAR2010; MAR2010_sel_a_f_01; MAR2010_sel_a_f_03; Marine endotherm; Marine Mammal Tracking; Marion Island Research Station; MET; MMT; Southern Ocean - Indian sector
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 22 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Dive depth and dive duration data of subadult and adult, male and female southern elephant seals from Marion Island between 2004 and 2008 with links to datasets
    PANGAEA
    In:  University of Pretoria, Department of Zoology & Entomology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Although numerous studies have addressed the migration and dive behaviour of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), questions remain about their habitat use in the marine environment. We report on the vertical use of the water column in the species and the potential lifetime implications for southern elephant seals from Marion Island. Long-term mark-resight data were used to complement vertical habitat use for 35 known individuals tagged with satellite-relay data loggers, resulting in cumulative depth use extrapolated for each individual over its estimated lifespan. Seals spent on average 77.59% of their lives diving at sea, 7.06% at the sea surface, and 15.35% hauled out on land. Some segregation was observed in maximum dive depths and depth use between male and female animals-males evidently being physiologically more capable of exploiting increased depths. Females and males spent 86.98 and 80.89% of their lives at sea, respectively. While at sea, all animals spent more time between 300 and 400 m depth, than any other depth category. Males and females spent comparable percentages of their lifetimes below 100 m depth (males: 65.54%; females: 68.92%), though males spent 8.98% of their lives at depths in excess of 700 m, compared to females' 1.84% at such depths. Adult males often performed benthic dives in excess of 2,000 m, including the deepest known recorded dive of any air-breathing vertebrate (〉2,133 m). Our results provide a close approximation of vertical habitat use by southern elephant seals, extrapolated over their lifespans, and we discuss some physiological and developmental implications of their variable depth use.
    Keywords: MAR2004; MAR2004_sel_a_f_10; MAR2004_sel_s_m_17; MAR2004_sel_u_m_09; MAR2004_sel_y_m_16; MAR2005; MAR2005_sel_a_f_06; MAR2005_sel_s_m_02; MAR2005_sel_s_m_03; MAR2005_sel_s_m_05; MAR2006; MAR2006_sel_s_f_01; MAR2006_sel_s_f_02; MAR2006_sel_s_m_03; MAR2006_sel_s_m_04; MAR2007; MAR2007_sel_a_f_02; MAR2007_sel_a_f_03; MAR2007_sel_a_f_04; MAR2007_sel_a_f_06; MAR2007_sel_a_f_16; MAR2007_sel_a_f_17; MAR2007_sel_a_f_18; MAR2007_sel_a_f_19; MAR2007_sel_a_f_20; MAR2007_sel_a_f_21; MAR2007_sel_a_f_22; MAR2007_sel_a_m_10; MAR2007_sel_a_m_11; MAR2007_sel_a_m_12; MAR2007_sel_a_m_13; MAR2007_sel_a_m_14; MAR2007_sel_a_m_15; MAR2007_sel_a_m_23; MAR2008; MAR2008_sel_a_f_07; MAR2008_sel_a_f_08; MAR2008_sel_a_f_09; MAR2008_sel_a_f_10; MAR2008_sel_a_f_11; MAR2008_sel_a_f_12; MAR2008_sel_a_f_13; MAR2008_sel_a_f_14; MAR2008_sel_a_f_15; MAR2008_sel_a_f_16; MAR2008_sel_a_f_17; MAR2008_sel_a_f_18; MAR2008_sel_a_f_21; MAR2008_sel_a_f_22; MAR2008_sel_a_f_23; MAR2008_sel_a_m_04; MAR2008_sel_a_m_19; MAR2008_sel_a_m_20; MAR2008_sel_a_m_24; MAR2008_sel_a_m_25; MAR2008_sel_s_m_01; MAR2008_sel_s_m_02; MAR2008_sel_s_m_03; MAR2008_sel_s_m_05; Marine endotherm; Marine Mammal Tracking; Marion Island Research Station; MET; MMT; Southern Ocean - Indian sector
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 107 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Ocean temperature measured by elephant seal-CTDs in the Southern Ocean with links to datasets
    PANGAEA
    In:  University of Pretoria, Department of Zoology & Entomology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The potential effects of ocean warming on marine predators are largely unknown, though the impact on the distribution of prey in vertical space may have far reaching impacts on diving predators such as southern elephant seals. We used data from satellite-tracked southern elephant seals from Marion Island to investigate the relationship between their dive characteristics (dive depths, dive durations and time-at-depth index values) and environmental variables (temperature at depth, depth of maximum temperature below 100 m, frontal zone and bathymetry) as well as other demographic and behavioural variables (migration stage, age-class, track day and vertical diel strategy). While other variables, such as bathymetry and vertical diel strategy also influenced dive depth, our results consistently indicated a significant influence of temperature at depth on dive depths. This relationship was positive for all groups of animals, indicating that seals dived to deeper depths when foraging in warmer waters. Female seals adjusted their dive depths proportionally more than males in warmer water. Dive durations were also influenced by temperature at depth, though to a lesser extent. Results from time-at-depth indices showed that both male and female seals spent less time at targeted dive depths in warmer water, and were presumably less successful foragers when diving in warmer water. Continued warming of the Southern Ocean may result in the distribution of prey for southern elephant seals shifting either poleward and/or to increasing depths. Marion Island elephant seals are expected to adapt their ranging and diving behaviour accordingly, though such changes may result in greater physiological costs associated with foraging.
    Keywords: MAR2004; MAR2004_sel_a_f_10; MAR2004_sel_s_m_17; MAR2004_sel_u_m_09; MAR2004_sel_y_m_16; MAR2005; MAR2005_sel_a_f_06; MAR2005_sel_s_m_02; MAR2005_sel_s_m_03; MAR2005_sel_s_m_05; MAR2006; MAR2006_sel_s_f_01; MAR2006_sel_s_f_02; MAR2006_sel_s_m_03; MAR2006_sel_s_m_04; MAR2007; MAR2007_sel_a_f_02; MAR2007_sel_a_f_06; MAR2007_sel_a_f_16; MAR2007_sel_a_f_17; MAR2007_sel_a_f_18; MAR2007_sel_a_f_19; MAR2007_sel_a_f_20; MAR2007_sel_a_f_21; MAR2007_sel_a_f_22; MAR2007_sel_a_m_10; MAR2007_sel_a_m_11; MAR2007_sel_a_m_12; MAR2007_sel_a_m_13; MAR2007_sel_a_m_14; MAR2007_sel_a_m_15; MAR2007_sel_a_m_23; MAR2008; MAR2008_sel_a_f_07; MAR2008_sel_a_f_08; MAR2008_sel_a_f_09; MAR2008_sel_a_f_10; MAR2008_sel_a_f_11; MAR2008_sel_a_f_12; MAR2008_sel_a_f_13; MAR2008_sel_a_f_14; MAR2008_sel_a_f_15; MAR2008_sel_a_f_16; MAR2008_sel_a_f_17; MAR2008_sel_a_f_18; MAR2008_sel_a_f_21; MAR2008_sel_a_f_22; MAR2008_sel_a_f_23; MAR2008_sel_a_m_04; MAR2008_sel_a_m_19; MAR2008_sel_a_m_20; MAR2008_sel_a_m_24; MAR2008_sel_a_m_25; MAR2008_sel_s_m_01; MAR2008_sel_s_m_03; Marine endotherm; Marine Mammal Tracking; Marion Island Research Station; MET; MMT; Southern Ocean - Indian sector
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 50 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Sentinels to climate change. The need for monitoring at South Africa’s Subantarctic laboratory (2014)
    NOAA
    In:  South African Journal of Science, 110 (1/2). pp. 1-4.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1590/sajs.2014/a0044
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Decay of eddies at the South-West Indian Ridge (2011)
    NOAA
    In:  South African Journal of Science, 107 (11/12).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Description: The South-West Indian Ridge in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean is a region recognised for the creation of particularly intense eddy disturbances in the mean flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Eddies formed at this ridge have been extensively studied over the past decade using hydrographic, satellite, drifter and float data and it is hypothesised that they could provide a vehicle for localised meridional heat and salt exchange. The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the rate of decay of the eddies. However, in order to investigate eddy decay, logistically difficult hydrographic monitoring is required. This study presents the decay of cold eddies at the South-West Indian Ridge, using outputs from a high-resolution ocean model. The model’s representation of the dynamic nature of this region is fully characteristic of observations. On average, 3–4 intense and well-defined cold eddies are generated per year; these eddies have mean longevities of 5.0±2.2 months with average advection speeds of 5±2 km/day. Most simulated eddies reach their peak intensity within 1.5–2.5 months after genesis and have depths of 2000 m – 3000 m. Thereafter they dissipate within approximately 3 months. The decay of eddies is generally characterised by a decrease in their sea surface height signature, a weakening in their rotation rates and a modification in their temperature–salinity characteristics. Subantarctic top predators are suspected to forage preferentially along the edges of eddies. The process of eddy dissipation may thus influence their feeding behaviour.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: image
    Format: image
    Format: image
    Format: image
    DOI: 10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.673
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Critical indirect effects of climate change on sub-Antarctic ecosystem functioning (2013)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution, 3 (9). pp. 2994-3004.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Sub-Antarctic islands represent critical breeding habitats for land-based top predators that dominate Southern Ocean food webs. Reproduction and molting incur high energetic demands that are sustained at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) by both inshore (phytoplankton blooms; "island mass effect"; autochthonous) and offshore (allochthonous) productivity. As the relative contributions of these sustenance pathways are, in turn, affected by oceanographic conditions around the PEIs, we address the consequences of climatically driven changes in the physical environment on this island ecosystem. We show that there has been a measurable long-term shift in the carbon isotope signatures of the benthos inhabiting the shallow shelf region of the PEIs, most likely reflecting a long-term decline in enhanced phytoplankton productivity at the islands in response to a climate-driven shift in the position of the sub-Antarctic Front. Our results indicate that regional climate change has affected the balance between allochthonous and autochthonous productivity at the PEIs. Over the last three decades, inshore-feeding top predators at the islands have shown a marked decrease in their population sizes. Conversely, population sizes of off-shore-feeding predators that forage over great distances from the islands have remained stable or increased, with one exception. Population decline of predators that rely heavily on organisms inhabiting the inshore region strongly suggest changes in prey availability, which are likely driven by factors such as fisheries impacts on some prey populations and shifts in competitive interactions among predators. In addition to these local factors, our analysis indicates that changes in prey availability may also result indirectly through regional climate change effects on the islands' marine ecosystem. Most importantly, our results indicate that a fundamental shift in the balance between allochthonous and autochthonous trophic pathways within this island ecosystem may be detected throughout the food web, demonstrating that the most powerful effects of climate change on marine systems may be indirect.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.678
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    KAPEX RAFOS Float Data Report 1997-1999, part A: The Agulhas- and South Atlantic Current Components (2000)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 318 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 194 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/ifm_ber_318
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 9
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    Oceanographic observations of eddies impacting the Prince Edward Islands, South Africa (2010)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 22 (03). pp. 211-219.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: The ecosystem of the isolated Prince Edward Islands, south of the African continent, is strongly impacted by ocean eddies that are associated with the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Satellite altimetry has revealed that the archipelago lies in a region of enhanced eddy kinetic energy. In the late 1990s it became apparent that in order to understand the influence of these eddies on the islands' ecosystem, the source, trajectory and nature of these eddies needed to be studied and understood. To this end a special research project with a strong ocean-going component was designed, the DEIMEC (Dynamics of Eddy Impact on Marion's ECosystem) programme. In this review we focus on the physical oceanography and summarize the aims, the results and the successes of this South African research initiative. In the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands, an average of three intense well-defined eddies is observed per year. Their advection speeds are of the order of a few kilometres per day and longevities of 7-11 months. These features, of c. 100 km in diameter and reaching depths of at least 1000 m, transport anomalous water masses across the Polar Frontal Zone.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954102010000088
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Seismic oceanography imaging of thermal intrusions in strong frontal regions (2013)
    Acoustical Society of America
    In:  [Paper] In: 21. International Congress on Acoustics (ICA2013) der Acoustical Society of America (ASA), 02.-06.07.2013, Montreal, Canada ; 005010-005010 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-15
    Description: The Naval Research Laboratory and collaborating partners carried out two dedicated seismic oceanography field experiments in two very different strong frontal regions. ADRIASEISMIC took seismic oceanography measurements at the confluence of North Adriatic Dense Water advected along the Western Adriatic Current and Modified Levantine Intermediate Water advected around the topographic rim of the Southern Adriatic basin. ARC12 took seismic oceanography measurements in and around the Agulhas Return Current as it curved northwards past the Agulhas Plateau and interacted with a large anticyclone that had collided with the current. Despite one study focused on coastal boundary currents and the other focused on a major Western Boundary Current extension, the complex horizontal structures seen through seismic imaging are tied to the processes of thermal intrusions and interleaving in both systems. Seismic Oceanography provides a unique capability of tracking the fine-scale horizontal extent of these intrusions.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4799118
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
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