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  • 1
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1887-1894
    Kurzfassung: We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients’ relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2–51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS & gt;0.295, 95% CI 1.47–3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Diabetes Association
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 1490520-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    In: JAMA Ophthalmology, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 141, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 268-
    Kurzfassung: The DRCR Retina Network Protocol AC showed no significant difference in visual acuity outcomes over 2 years between treatment with aflibercept monotherapy and bevacizumab first with switching to aflibercept for suboptimal response in treating diabetic macular edema (DME). Understanding the estimated cost and cost-effectiveness of these approaches is important. Objective To evaluate the cost and cost-effectiveness of aflibercept monotherapy vs bevacizumab-first strategies for DME treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants This economic evaluation was a preplanned secondary analysis of a US randomized clinical trial of participants aged 18 years or older with center-involved DME and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 to 20/320 enrolled from December 15, 2017, through November 25, 2019. Interventions Aflibercept monotherapy or bevacizumab first, switching to aflibercept in eyes with protocol-defined suboptimal response. Main Outcomes and Measures Between February and July 2022, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) over 2 years was assessed. Efficacy and resource utilization data from the randomized clinical trial were used with health utility mapping from the literature and Medicare unit costs. Results This study included 228 participants (median age, 62 [range, 34-91 years; 116 [51%] female and 112 [49%] male; 44 [19%] Black or African American, 60 [26%] Hispanic or Latino, and 117 [51%] White) with 1 study eye. The aflibercept monotherapy group included 116 participants, and the bevacizumab-first group included 112, of whom 62.5% were eventually switched to aflibercept. Over 2 years, the cost of aflibercept monotherapy was $26 504 (95% CI, $24 796-$28 212) vs $13 929 (95% CI, $11 984-$15 874) for the bevacizumab-first group, a difference of $12 575 (95% CI, $9987-$15 163). The aflibercept monotherapy group gained 0.015 (95% CI, −0.011 to 0.041) QALYs using the better-seeing eye and had an ICER of $837 077 per QALY gained compared with the bevacizumab-first group. Aflibercept could be cost-effective with an ICER of $100 000 per QALY if the price per dose were $305 or less or the price of bevacizumab was $1307 per dose or more. Conclusions and Relevance Variability in individual needs will influence clinician and patient decisions about how to treat specific eyes with DME. While the bevacizumab-first group costs still averaged approximately $14 000 over 2 years, this approach, as used in this study, may confer substantial cost savings on a societal level without sacrificing visual acuity gains over 2 years compared with aflibercept monotherapy.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2168-6165
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 192-199
    Kurzfassung: There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A] , and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P & lt; 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody–positive, 13% for single autoantibody–positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody–positive, 12% for single autoantibody–positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody–positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody–positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Diabetes Association
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 1490520-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Portland Press Ltd. ; 2019
    In:  Clinical Science Vol. 133, No. 21 ( 2019-11-15), p. 2121-2141
    In: Clinical Science, Portland Press Ltd., Vol. 133, No. 21 ( 2019-11-15), p. 2121-2141
    Kurzfassung: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate production and secretion of insulin, impaired insulin action, or a combination of both. Genetic disorders and insulin receptor disorders, environmental factors, lifestyle choices and toxins are key factors that contribute to DM. While it is often referred to as a metabolic disorder, modern lifestyle choices and nutrient excess induce a state of systemic chronic inflammation that results in the increased production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines that contribute to DM. It is chronic hyperglycemia and the low-grade chronic-inflammation that underlies the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications leading to damage in a number of tissues and organs, including eyes, vasculature, heart, nerves, and kidneys. Improvements in the management of risk factors have been beneficial, including focus on intensified glycemic control, but most current approaches only slow disease progression. Even with recent studies employing SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrating protection against cardiovascular and kidney diseases, kidney function continues to decline in people with established diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Despite the many advances and a greatly improved understanding of the pathobiology of diabetes and its complications, there remains a major unmet need for more effective therapeutics to prevent and reverse the chronic complications of diabetes. More recently, there has been growing interest in the use of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as an exciting therapeutic strategy to target diabetes and the chronic complications of diabetes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0143-5221 , 1470-8736
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Portland Press Ltd.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-02-14)
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-02-14)
    Kurzfassung: Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 42407; published online: 14 February 2017; updated: 09 May 2017 The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Letizia De Chiara, Darrell Andrews, Ariane Watson, Giorgio Oliviero, Gerard Cagney and John Crean which were incorrectly given as L.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 2615211-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    In: G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 535-547
    Kurzfassung: Gram-negative bacterial pathogens inject type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) directly into host cells to promote pathogen fitness by manipulating host cellular processes. Despite their crucial role in promoting virulence, relatively few T3SEs have well-characterized enzymatic activities or host targets. This is in part due to functional redundancy within pathogen T3SE repertoires as well as the promiscuity of individual T3SEs that can have multiple host targets. To overcome these challenges, we generated and characterized a collection of yeast strains stably expressing 75 T3SE constructs from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. This collection is devised to facilitate heterologous genetic screens in yeast, a non-host organism, to identify T3SEs that target conserved eukaryotic processes. Among 75 T3SEs tested, we identified 16 that inhibited yeast growth on rich media and eight that inhibited growth on stress-inducing media. We utilized Pathogenic Genetic Array (PGA) screens to identify potential host targets of P. syringae T3SEs. We focused on the acetyltransferase, HopZ1a, which interacts with plant tubulin and alters microtubule networks. To uncover putative HopZ1a host targets, we identified yeast genes with genetic interaction profiles most similar (i.e., congruent) to the PGA profile of HopZ1a and performed a functional enrichment analysis of these HopZ1a-congruent genes. We compared the congruence analyses above to previously described HopZ physical interaction datasets and identified kinesins as potential HopZ1a targets. Finally, we demonstrated that HopZ1a can target kinesins by acetylating the plant kinesins HINKEL and MKRP1, illustrating the utility of our T3SE-expressing yeast library to characterize T3SE functions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2160-1836
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2629978-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    In: JAMA Ophthalmology, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 140, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 936-
    Kurzfassung: Presence of predominantly peripheral diabetic retinopathy (DR) lesions on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) was associated with greater risk of DR worsening or treatment over 4 years. Whether baseline retinal nonperfusion assessment is additionally predictive of DR disease worsening is unclear. Objective To assess whether the extent and location of retinal nonperfusion identified on UWF-FA are associated with worsening in Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) score or DR treatment over time. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study with data for 508 eyes with nonproliferative DR and gradable nonperfusion on UWF-FA at baseline. All images were graded at a centralized reading center; 200° ultra-widefield (UWF) color images were graded for DR at baseline and annually for 4 years. Baseline 200° UWF-FA images were graded for nonperfused area, nonperfusion index (NPI), and presence of predominantly peripheral lesions on UWF-FA (FA PPL). Interventions Treatment of DR or diabetic macular edema was at investigator discretion. Main Outcomes and Measures Association of baseline UWF-FA nonperfusion extent with disease worsening, defined as either 2 or more steps of DRSS worsening within Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study fields on UWF-color images or receipt of DR treatment. Results After adjusting for baseline DRSS, the risk of disease worsening over 4 years was higher in eyes with greater overall NPI (hazard ratio [HR] for 0.1-unit increase, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21; P  = .02) and NPI within the posterior pole (HR for 0.1-unit increase, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17-1.56; P   & amp;lt; .001) and midperiphery (HR for 0.1-unit increase, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16; P  = .04). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline DRSS score and baseline systemic risk factors, greater NPI (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P  = .02) and presence of FA PPL (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35-2.65; P   & amp;lt; .001) remained associated with disease worsening. Conclusions and Relevance This 4-year longitudinal study has demonstrated that both greater baseline retinal nonperfusion and FA PPL on UWF-FA are associated with higher risk of disease worsening, even after adjusting for baseline DRSS score and known systemic risk. These associations between disease worsening and retinal nonperfusion and FA PPL support the increased use of UWF-FA to complement color fundus photography in future efforts for DR prognosis, clinical care, and research.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2168-6165
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 75, No. 8 ( 2015-04-15), p. 1592-1602
    Kurzfassung: The Notch pathway plays multiple key roles in tumorigenesis, and its signaling components have therefore aroused great interest as targets for emerging therapies. Here, we show that inhibition of Notch, using a soluble receptor Notch1 decoy, unexpectedly caused a remarkable increase in liver metastases from neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Increased liver metastases were also seen after treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014. Transgenic mice with heterozygous loss of Notch1 demonstrated a marked increase in hepatic metastases, indicating that Notch1 signaling acts as metastatic suppressor in the liver microenvironment. Inhibition of DLL1/4 with ligand-specific Notch1 decoys increased sprouting of sinusoidal endothelial cells into micrometastases, thereby supporting early metastatic angiogenic growth. Inhibition of tumor-derived JAG1 signaling activated hepatic stellate cells, increasing their recruitment to vasculature of micrometastases, thereby supporting progression to macrometastases. These results demonstrate that inhibition of Notch causes pathologic activation of liver stromal cells, promoting angiogenesis and growth of hepatic metastases. Our findings have potentially serious implications for Notch inhibition therapy. Cancer Res; 75(8); 1592–602. ©2015 AACR.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 2036785-5
    ZDB Id: 1432-1
    ZDB Id: 410466-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    In: Science Immunology, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 5, No. 49 ( 2020-07-03)
    Kurzfassung: Mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy remain poorly understood. Lymphocyte activation gene–3 (LAG3) signaling is regulated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein–10 (ADAM10)– and ADAM17-mediated cell surface shedding. Here, we show that mice expressing a metalloprotease-resistant, noncleavable LAG3 mutant (LAG3 NC ) are resistant to PD1 blockade and fail to mount an effective antitumor immune response. Expression of LAG3 NC intrinsically perturbs CD4 + T conventional cells (T convs ), limiting their capacity to provide CD8 + T cell help. Furthermore, the translational relevance for these observations is highlighted with an inverse correlation between high LAG3 and low ADAM10 expression on CD4 + T convs in the peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which corresponded with poor prognosis. This correlation was also observed in a cohort of patients with skin cancers and was associated with increased disease progression after standard-of-care immunotherapy. These data suggest that subtle changes in LAG3 inhibitory receptor signaling can act as a resistance mechanism with a substantive effect on patient responsiveness to immunotherapy.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2470-9468
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    In: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 30, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 2000-2016
    Kurzfassung: Although studies show that diabetic kidney disease has a heritable component, searches for the genetic determinants of this complication of diabetes have had limited success. In this study, a new international genomics consortium, the JDRF funded Diabetic Nephropathy Collaborative Research Initiative, assembled nearly 20,000 samples from participants with type 1 diabetes, with and without kidney disease. The authors found 16 new diabetic kidney disease–associated loci at genome-wide significance. The strongest signal centers on a protective missense coding variant at COL4A3 , a gene that encodes a component of the glomerular basement membrane that, when mutated, causes the progressive inherited nephropathy Alport syndrome. These GWAS-identified risk loci may provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and help identify potential biologic targets for prevention and treatment. Background Although diabetic kidney disease demonstrates both familial clustering and single nucleotide polymorphism heritability, the specific genetic factors influencing risk remain largely unknown. Methods To identify genetic variants predisposing to diabetic kidney disease, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses. Through collaboration with the Diabetes Nephropathy Collaborative Research Initiative, we assembled a large collection of type 1 diabetes cohorts with harmonized diabetic kidney disease phenotypes. We used a spectrum of ten diabetic kidney disease definitions based on albuminuria and renal function. Results Our GWAS meta-analysis included association results for up to 19,406 individuals of European descent with type 1 diabetes. We identified 16 genome-wide significant risk loci. The variant with the strongest association (rs55703767) is a common missense mutation in the collagen type IV alpha 3 chain ( COL4A3) gene, which encodes a major structural component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Mutations in COL4A3 are implicated in heritable nephropathies, including the progressive inherited nephropathy Alport syndrome. The rs55703767 minor allele (Asp326Tyr) is protective against several definitions of diabetic kidney disease, including albuminuria and ESKD, and demonstrated a significant association with GBM width; protective allele carriers had thinner GBM before any signs of kidney disease, and its effect was dependent on glycemia. Three other loci are in or near genes with known or suggestive involvement in this condition ( BMP7) or renal biology ( COLEC11 and DDR1 ). Conclusions The 16 diabetic kidney disease–associated loci may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this condition and help identify potential biologic targets for prevention and treatment.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1046-6673 , 1533-3450
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2029124-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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