GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1021-1030 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pathophysiology of shock ; Treatment of shock and trauma ; Microcirculation in shock ; Glucocorticoids and mechanisms of action ; Estrogens and circulatory shock ; Pathophysiologie des Schocks ; Behandlung von Schock und Trauma ; Mikrozirkulation im Schock ; Glukokortikoide und Wirkungsmechanismen ; Östrogene und Kreislaufschock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Obwohl Glukokortikosteroide seit über 30 Jahren in nahezu jedem medizinischen Fach Verwendung finden, ist die wissenschaftliche Begründung für ihren klinischen Einsatz in vielen Fällen bis heute unklar. Kortikosteroide werden als Therapie bei zahlreichen Formen des Kreislaufschocks (septisch, hypovolämisch, traumatisch, kardiogen, etc.) eingesetzt. Sie werden auch in anderen Situationen, bei denen Histamin als primärer Mediator vermutet wird, benutzt. Im allgemeinen werden Glukokortikoide als nützlich betrachtet, da sie die mit Anaphylaxie verbundene Immunreaktion erniedrigen, lysosomale und endotheliale Zellmembranen stabilisieren und die Freisetzung (und Bildung) von Mediatoren aus Endothelial- und Mastzellen hemmen. Aber sind Glukokortikoide und/oder andere Steroide (z. B. Mineralokortikoide, Östrogene, Androgene etc.) tatsächlich von therapeutischem Wert in „low-flow states“? Ein großer Teil der kontroversen Diskussion scheint auf dem Fehlen guter klinischen Studien mit sauberen Kontrollen zu beruhen, der Frage nach dem Zeitpunkt, der Menge, der Dauer der Gabe und der Frage nach dem oder den Wirkungsmechanismen. Die hier zusammengestellten Daten zeigen, daß pharmakologische Dosen sowohl von Glukokortikoiden als auch Östrogenen nützlich für die Behandlung des Schocks und Traumas sein können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Steroidbehandlung sehr früh im Schock einsetzen sollte, um einen vorteilhaften Einfluß ausüben zu können. Pharmakologische Glukokortikoid- und Östrogendosen, nicht aber anderer Steroide (Mineralokortikoide, Aldosterone, Androgene), üben eine direkte pharmakologische Wirkung auf Zellen der glatten Gefäßmuskulatur, speziell in den Mikrogefäßsystemen aus. Diese pharmakologischen Wirkungen resultieren in einer Hemmung der Konstriktorwirkung der vielen vasoaktiven Substanzen (Katecholamine, Peptide, Serotonine, Prostanoide etc.), die frühzeitig in den Blutstrom zur Kompensation des Blut- oder Flüssigkeitsverlustes freigesetzt werden. Beide Steroidtypen sind wahrscheinlich deshalb in der Therapie nützlich, weil sie die Aufnahme und die Wirkung von Calciumionen, die zur Kontraktion der glatten Gefäßmuskulatur nötig sind, verhindern. Obwohl die Steroide in pharmakologischen Dosen während des Kreislaufschocks ischämische Gefäßgebiete in Zielorganregionen wieder öffnen können, werden normale Blutgefäße bei nichttraumatisierten Patienten nicht aktiv erweitert. Zusätzlich zu ihrer mikrovaskulären Wirkung üben diese beiden verschiedenen Klassen von Steroidverbindungen eine vorteilhafte Wirkung auf die Funktion des retikoendothelialen Systems (RES) aus; die RES phagozytäre Funktion wird normalisiert, wenn pharmakologische Dosen von Glukokortikoiden oder Östrogenen traumatisierten Tieren oder Tieren im Schock frühzeitig gegeben werden. Die hier gezeigten Daten zeigen deutlich, daß, um eine optimale Wirkung der Steroidtherapie beim Schock zu erhalten, Steroide früh und in sehr hoher Dosis gegeben werden müssen. Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen, daß die hier zusammengestellten Daten eine solide wissenschaftliche Basis für den therapeutischen Gebrauch von Glukokortikoiden (und möglicherweise der Östrogene) bei verschiedenen Arten von Kreislaufschock und Trauma liefern.
    Notes: Summary Although glucocorticosteroids have been used, for over 30 years, in almost every medical specialty, the scientific foundation for their clinical indication is, in many instances, still unclear. Corticosteroids are being advocated as a therapy for numerous forms (e.g., septic, hypovolemic, traumatic, cardiogenic, etc.) of circulatory shock. They are also used in other conditions where histamine is thought to be the putative primary mediator. In general, glucocorticoids are considered useful because they decrease the immune response associated with anaphylaxis, stabilize lysosomal and endothelial cell membranes, and inhibit the release (and formation) of mediators from endothelial and mast cells. But, are glucocorticoids and/or other steroids (e.g., mineralocorticoids, estrogens, androgens, etc.) of real therapeutic value in low-flow states. Much of this controversy seems to center around the absence of good clinical studies (with proper controls), when to give the steroid, how much should be given (and for how long), and what is the mechanism(s) of action. The data reviewed, herein, indicate that pharmacologic doses of both glucocorticoids and estrogens can be useful in the treatment of shock and trauma. The results demonstrate that steroid treatment should be instituted very early in shock in order for it to be able to exert its beneficial actions. Pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids and estrogens, but not other steroids (i.g., mineralocorticoids, aldosterone, or androgens) exert direct pharmacologic actions on vascular smooth muscle cells, especially in the microvasculature. These pharmacologic actions result in an inhibition of the constrictor action of the many vasoactive substances (e.g., catecholamines, peptides, serotonin, prostanoids, etc.) released early into the blood stream to compensate for blood and/or fluid loss. Both types of steroids probably are useful in therapy because they prevent the uptake and utilization calcium ions which are essential for contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells. Although the steroids, in pharmacologic doses, can open up ischemic vascular beds in target organ regions in circulatory shock, they do not actively vasodilate normal blood vessels form untraumatized subjects. In addition, to their microvascular actions, these two different classes of steroid compounds also exert benficial actions on reticuloendothelial system (RES) function; RES phagocytic function is restorted to normal when pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids or estrogens are administered early to shocked and traumatized animals. The data presented herein also clearly demonstrate that in order for one to be able to get the maximum benefit from steroid therapy in shock, steroids must be administered early and in very high dosage. Overall, the data reviewed herein provide a solid scientific basis for the therapeutic use of glucocorticoids (and possibly estrogens) in various forms of cilculatory shock and trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 618-619 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present results, using isolated rat aortic strips and portal vein segments, demonstrate that ethanol, depending upon concentration, can either enhance or attenuate the contractile actions of PGF2α on at least 2 different types of vascular smooth muscle. At the very least, the present findings question the use of ethanol as a solvent when investigating the contractile actions of PG molecules on smooth muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1186-1187 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated, helically cut strips of pulmonary arteries and veins of dogs, and pulmonary arteries of rats, precontracted with norepinephrine or 5-HT exhibited potent concentration-dependent relaxations to impromidine and dimaprit (histamine H2-agonists). The occurrence of inhibitory histamine H2-receptors in the pulmonary vasculature could play a modulatory role in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1298-1299 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report demonstrates that in experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) calcium uptake and its distribution is altered in rat aortic but not in portal venous smooth muscle. Results are interpreted as consequences of increased calcium binding by aortic smooth muscle in experimental DM, which could account for the hyporeactivity of alloxan diabetic rat aorta reported previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1080-1082 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments performed on male Wistar, Long Evans and Brattleboro rats indicate that the latter strain of animals, lacking vasopressin in their posterior pituitaries, are extremely sensitive to hemorrhagic and bowel ischemic shock. Mild forms of both hemorrhagic and bowel ischemic shock, as produced in Wistar on Long Evans rats, results in marked hypotension, hemoconcentration and blockade of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in Brattleboro animals of similar sex, age and weight. These direct findings indicate that release of endogenous vasopressin in shock syndromes may be critical in maintenance of circulatory homeostasis and RES function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 16-week-old Wistar, alloxan diabetic rats exhibited progressive elevations in levels of serum glucose, total triglycerides, cholesterol and creatinine over a period of 8 weeks; hyperglycemia preceeded hyperlipidemia and hypercreatininemia and hypertriglyceridemia preceeded hypercholesteremia. Age-matched control rats failed to develop any signs of hyperglycemia or hypercreatininemia, but did develop both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia at 24 weeks of age. This suggests that the progressive cardiovascular derangements (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension) noted in experimental diabetes mellitus and in the normal aging (and maturation) process may be brought about by distinctly different biochemical processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Magnesium; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; mag-fura-2.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Effects of extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o ) on intracellular free Mg2+ ([Mg2+]i ) and its subcellular distribution in single fission yeast cells, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, were studied with digital-imaging microscopy and an Mg2+ fluorescent probe (mag-fura-2). Using 0.44 mM [Mg2+]o , [Mg2+]i in yeast cells was 0.91±0.08 mM. Elevation of [Mg2+]o to 1.97 mM induced rapid (within 5 min) increments in [Mg2+]i (2.18±0.11 mM). Lowering [Mg2+]o to 0.06 mM, however, exerted no significant effects on [Mg2+]i (0.93±0.14 mM), at least for periods of up to 30 min. Irrespective of the [Mg2+]o used, the subcellular distribution of [Mg2+]i remained hetero geneous, i.e. where the sub-plasma membrane region 〉cytoplasm 〉nucleus. [Mg2+] in all three subcellular compartments increased significantly, two- to threefold, concomitant with [Mg2+]i when placed in 1.97 mM [Mg2+]o . We conclude that [Mg2+]i in fission yeast is maintained at a physiologic level when [Mg2+]o is low, but intracellular free Mg2+ rapidly rises when [Mg2+]o is elevated. Like most eukaryotic cells, yeast may have a Mg2+ transport system(s) which functions to maintain gradients of Mg2+ from the outside to inside the cell and among its subcellular compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 639-640 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present results, using isolated rat aortic strips and portal vein segments, demonstrate that ethanol (170–430 mM) significantly inhibits calcium uptake in these 2 different types of vascular smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Magnesium ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; erythrocytes ; ion selective electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate alterations of magnesium metabolism in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, we utilized a new magnesium-specific selective ion electrode apparatus to measure serum ionized magnesium (Mg-io) in fasting subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes, and compared these values to levels of serum total magnesium, and of intracellular free magnesium (Mgi) analysed by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Both Mg-io (0.630±0.008 vs 0.552± 0.008 mmol/l, p〈0.001) and Mgi (223.3±8.3 vs 184± 13.7 mmol/l,p〈0.001), but not serum total magnesium, were significantly reduced in Type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic control subjects. Furthermore, a close relationship was observed between serum Mg-io and Mgi (r=0.728, p〈0.001). We suggest that magnesium deficiency, both extracellular and intracellular, is a characteristic of chronic stable mild Type 2 diabetes, and as such, may predispose to the excess cardiovascular morbidity of the diabetic state. Furthermore, by more adequately reflecting cellular magnesium metabolism than total serum magnesium levels, Mg-io measurements may provide a more readily available tool than has heretofore been available to analyse magnesium metabolism in a variety of diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 786-787 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden Versuche zur Aufklärung der Rolle der gram-negativen Bakterien im irreversiblen ischämischen Darmschock durchgeführt: Ratten erweisen sich unter dem Einfluss einer milden Form von ischämischem Darmschock keinesfalls für Endotoxemia empfindlicher als falsch operierte oder normale Tiere, die dieselben Dosen von bakteriellem Endotoxin erhalten haben. Dadurch wird die Rolle der Endotoxemia in der Pathogenese des irreversiblen Darmschocks fragwürdig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...