Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Heat Transfer -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Trends, Tricks, and Try-ons in CFD/CHT -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trends -- 2.1. Computational grid trends -- 2.1.1. Early choices: Cartesian, cylindrical-polar, and body-fitted -- 2.1.2. Arbitrary polygonal cells -- 2.1.3. PARSOL: for ``partly solid´´ cells -- 2.1.4. Space-averaged rather than detailed-geometry CFD -- 2.1.5. IBM: the immersed boundary method -- 2.1.6. Divided Cartesian grids -- 2.1.7. The future -- 2.2. Linear equation solver trends -- 2.2.1. Point-by-point (i.e., PBP) relaxation methods -- 2.2.2. General remarks about linear-equation solvers -- 2.2.3. The Thomas (or tridiagonal matrix) algorithm (i.e., TDMA) -- 2.2.4. Acceleration by overrelaxation -- 2.2.5. Conjugate gradient solvers -- 2.2.6. Preconditioned conjugate gradient solvers -- 2.3. Turbulence model trends -- 2.3.1. Origins -- 2.3.2. The effective-viscosity hypothesis -- 2.3.2.1. Early days -- 2.3.2.2. The mixing length hypothesis -- 2.3.2.3. Two-equation turbulence models -- 2.3.2.4. Wall functions -- 2.3.3. Reynolds stress models -- 2.3.4. DNS -- 2.3.5. Large eddy simulation -- 2.3.6. Population-based models -- 2.3.6.1. The main idea -- 2.3.6.2. Graphic representations -- 2.3.6.3. The ``TriMix´´ diagram, a ``map´´ of fuel-air-combustion product states -- 2.3.6.4. The combustor-simulation problem -- 2.3.6.5. When the turbulent fluctuations are ignored -- 2.3.6.6. EBU: the first two-member population model -- 2.3.6.7. A two-member model with Navier-Stokes equations for each member -- 2.3.6.8. A four-member population model -- 2.3.6.9. The multimember population -- 2.3.6.10. Populational and conventional CFD compared -- 3. Tricks -- 3.1. The IMMERSOL radiation model -- 3.1.1. The magnitude of the radiative problem -- 3.1.2. The action-at-a-distance difficulty. , 3.1.3. IMMERSOL: the main features -- 3.1.3.1. The dependent variables -- 3.1.3.2. The differential equations -- 3.1.3.3. The source terms -- 3.1.3.4. The value ascribed to λ3 -- 3.1.3.5. The boundary conditions -- 3.1.4. IMMERSOL: the rationale -- 3.1.4.1. Starting points -- 3.1.4.2. First steps -- 3.1.4.3. Between the ``thick´´ and ``thin´´ extremes -- 3.1.4.4. Wall emissivity as an extra resistance -- 3.1.5. IMMERSOL: conclusions -- 3.2. The wall-distance trick -- 3.2.1. How to calculate Wgap -- 3.2.2. The L equation -- 3.2.3. The parallel-wall situation -- 3.2.4. Concluding remark -- 3.3. The cut-link trick -- 3.3.1. Introduction -- 3.3.2. The pros and cons of PARSOL -- 3.3.3. Detecting the link intersections -- 3.3.3.1. The problem -- 3.3.3.2. The 2D projection method (2DPM) -- 3.3.3.3. The 2D section method (2DSM) -- 3.3.3.4. Other aspects of facet-grid-line intersection detection -- 3.3.4. Changing coefficients in SPARSOL -- 3.3.4.1. The problem -- 3.3.4.2. Changing the distances -- 3.3.4.3. Changing the areas -- 3.3.4.4. Adding fluid-side resistances -- 3.3.5. Modifying sources -- 3.3.6. Concluding remarks about SPARSOL -- 4. Try-ons -- 4.1. A differential equation for mixing length -- 4.1.1. What ludwig prandtl might have done -- 4.1.2. The spalart-allmaras viscosity-transport model -- 4.1.3. The ``mixing length transport try-on´´ -- 4.1.4. How ``const1´´ might be determined: the ``reverse-engineering´´ approach -- 4.1.5. Concluding remarks about mixing length transport -- 4.2. The population approach to swirling flow -- 4.2.1. The problem -- 4.2.2. A ``try-on´´ solution -- 4.3. Hybrid CFD ``Try-on´´ -- 4.3.1. The general idea -- 4.3.2. The partially parabolic method extended -- 4.3.3. Simulating automobile aerodynamics -- 4.3.4. Environmental applications -- 4.3.5. Generalizing wall functions -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- References. , Chapter Two: A Study of Micro-scale Boiling by Infrared Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Capability of infrared thermography heat transfer measurements -- 1.2. Methodology of IR measurement in microsystems -- 1.3. Microscale phenomenon of boiling -- 1.3.1. Pool boiling -- 1.3.2. Boiling in micro-channels -- 2. Boiling Incipience -- 2.1. Models for prediction of incipient boiling heat flux and wall superheat -- 2.2. Comparison between models and experiments -- 2.2.1. Wall superheat -- 2.2.2. The Influence of Surface Roughness on Boiling Incipience -- 2.2.3. Effect of Inlet Velocity on Incipient Boiling Heat Flux -- 3. Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-channels -- 3.1. Heat transfer coefficient -- 3.2. Flow instabilities -- 3.2.1. Fluctuation of pressure drop, fluid, and heated wall temperatures -- 4. Nucleation Characteristics of Heaters -- 4.1. Nucleation site density (NSD) -- 4.2. Dryout -- 4.2.1. Flat surface with nano-scale roughness -- 4.2.2. Channel surface with micro-scale roughness -- 4.2.3. Explosive boiling -- 5. The Boiling Crisis Phenomenon -- 5.1. CHF measurements in micro-channels -- 5.2. Physical approach based on IR measurements -- 5.2.1. Period between successive events -- 5.2.2. The initial thickness of the liquid film -- 6. Effect of Surface Active Agents (Surfactants) on Boiling Characteristics -- 6.1. Properties of surfactants -- 6.2. Pool boiling heat transfer -- 6.2.1. Physical properties of solutions -- 6.2.2. Instrumentation -- 6.2.3. Visualization of thermal pattern on the heated wall -- 6.2.4. Boiling curves and heat transfer coefficients -- 6.2.5. The Effect of Physical Properties of Surfactant Solution on Heat Transfer -- 6.3. Boiling in confined narrow space -- 6.3.1. Boiling Curves and Average Heat Transfer -- 6.4. ONB in parallel micro-channels. , 6.4.1. Effect of dissolved gases on ONB during flow boiling of water and surfactant solutions in micro-channels -- 6.4.2. Boiling incipience in degraded surfactant solutions -- 7. Experimental Study of Integrated Micro-channel Cooling for 3D Electronic Circuit Architectures -- 8. Uncertainty -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Three: Technology Evolution, from the Constructal Law -- 1. Technology Evolution, Predicted -- 2. Evolution of Compactness -- 3. Tree-Shaped Designs: Conduction, Fluid Flow, and Convection -- 4. Free Convection: An Engine+Brake System -- 5. Constructal Law, Design in Nature, and Complexity -- References -- Chapter Four: Recent Advances in Vapor Chamber Transport Characterization for High-Heat-Flux Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Ultrathin vapor chambers for thermal management of electronics -- 1.2. Nucleate boiling in porous wick structures -- 1.3. Recent advances -- 2. Experimental Evaluation of Capillary-Fed Evaporation and Boiling -- 2.1. Homogeneous wick structures: morphological, pore size, porosity, and thickness effects -- 2.1.1. Sintered screen mesh -- 2.1.2. Monoporous sintered powder -- 2.1.3. Biporous sintered powder -- 2.1.4. Summary -- 2.2. Efficient liquid feeding and vapor extraction features -- 2.3. Prediction of capillary-fed boiling thermal resistance -- 2.4. Incipience of boiling under capillary-fed conditions -- 2.5. Dryout mechanisms and heater size dependency -- 3. Device-Level Modeling, Testing, and Design for High-Heat-Flux Applications -- 3.1. Flat heat pipe and vapor chamber models -- 3.1.1. Analytical modeling approaches -- 3.1.2. Numerical modeling approaches -- 3.1.3. Summary -- 3.2. Wick thermophysical properties and pore-scale evaporation characteristics -- 3.2.1. Simplified analytical prediction -- 3.2.2. Empirical characterization -- 3.2.3. Advances in characterization methods. , 3.3. Recent advances in ultrathin vapor chamber modeling -- 3.3.1. Wick microstructure effects on evaporation characteristics -- 3.3.2. Boiling in the wick structure -- 3.4. Design and development of ultrathin vapor chamber devices -- 3.4.1. Radio-frequency TGP -- 3.4.2. Micro-/nanostructured TGP -- 3.4.3. Planar vapor chambers with hybrid evaporator wicks -- 3.4.4. Polymer-based flat heat pipe -- 3.4.5. Silicon TGP vapor chamber -- 3.4.6. Titanium TGP -- 4. Nanostructured Capillary Wicks for Vapor Chamber Applications -- 4.1. Assessment and design of nanostructured wicks -- 4.1.1. Nanowire array wicks -- 4.1.2. Nanostructured coatings -- 4.2. Experimental evaluation of nanostructured wicks -- 4.2.1. Nanowire array wicks -- 4.2.2. Nanostructured coatings -- 5. Closure -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Five: Applications of Nanomaterials in Solar Energy and Desalination Sectors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solar Energy -- 2.1. Thermal energy storage systems -- 2.2. Direct absorption solar collectors -- 2.3. Photovoltaic technology -- 2.4. Desalination -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Heat Transfer -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One - Prediction of the Influence of Energetic Chemical Reactions on Forced Convective Heat Transfer -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PRIOR WORK -- 3. A MODEL FOR NEW NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS -- 4. CLOSED-FORM ANALYSES -- 5. NEW NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- 7. APOLOGY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter Two - Advances and Outlooks of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Longitudinal Vortex Generators -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY LVGS -- 3. APPLICATIONS OF LVGS FOR HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT -- 4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- AUTHOR INDEX.