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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for intraarterial treatment with bleomycin (1977)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 215 (1977), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455867
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supratentorial space occupying lesions following infratentorial surgery early diagnosis and treatment (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 74 (1985), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Supratentorial complications of infratentorial surgery are rare. In the last 3 years we have operated on 187 patients with infratentorial lesions and have observed an incidence of 3.7% of supratentorial haemorrhages. Postoperative intrcranial air, as shown by early postoperative CT control, was encountered mainly in a subdural frontal location and within the interhemispheric fissure. We performed no surgical decompression of the air accumulation because of the lack of clinical symptoms. Predisposing factors for the development of supratentorial complications remote from the surgical area are hypertonia, female sex, brain atrophy and preoperative shunting procedures. Measures to avoid these complications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413279
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventricular somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in patients with basal ganglia disease (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Parkinson's disease ; Hyperkinesia ; Dystonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in lateral ventricular fluid of patients with extrapyramidal motor disease were determined by specific radio-immunoassay. Mean SLI levels were significantly lower in patients with Parkinson's disease (mean ± SEM); 42.9±2.9 fmol/ml) and in patients with dystonic syndromes (39.4±3.2) than in patients with benign essential tremor (65.3±9.7). The lowest levels were found in patients with athetosis (34.7±5.4). In parkinsonian patients somatostatin levels correlated with the degree of akinesia, rigidity and autonomic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313783
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytologie, Lactatdehydrogenase und Creatinkinase im Liquor cerebrospinalis bei leichten Schädelhirntraumen (1978)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 225 (1978), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Head injury ; CSF cytology ; CSF lactate dehydrogenase ; CSF creatine kinase ; Liquor cerebrospinalis ; Schädeltrauma ; Liquorcytologie ; Lactatdehydrogenase im Liquor ; Creatinkinase im Liquor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Cytologie, Lactatdehydrogenase und Creatinkinase wurden bei 59 Patienten mit Schädelprellung, Commotio und leichter Contusio cerebri im Alter von 16 bis 49 Jahren im Liquor cerebrospinalis 6 bis 72 h nach dem Trauma untersucht. Während sich für die Creatinkinase keine signifikanten Unterschiede ergaben, war die Lactatdehydrogenase bei leichten Contusionen im Vergleich zu Commotionen innerhalb der ersten 24 h signifikant stärker erhöht. Cytologisch konnte im Vergleich zu den Schädelprellungen bei Commotionen und Contusionen eine deutliche Verschiebung des Cytogramms zugunsten der Monocyten beobachtet werden, die bei Contusionen innerhalb der ersten 24h signifikant ausgeprägter war als bei Commotionen. Große Makrophagen waren bei Commotionen seltener und nach 48h nicht mehr nachweisbar. Bei leichten Contusionen konnten nach 48h noch in 50–55% der Fälle große Makrophagen nachgewiesen werden. Siderophagen fanden sich in 16,5–35% nach 48–72h nur bei Contusionen. Lumbalpunktion innerhalb von 24 h nach dem Trauma für gutachterliche Fragen wird als optimaler Zeitpunkt diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Cytology, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in cerebrospinal fluid were investigated 6–72 h after mild head injuries in 59 patients aged 16–49 years. Significant differences were not found in creatine kinase. Lactate dehydrogenase, however, was significantly more elevated in mild cerebral contusions compared with concussions 24 h after head injury. Monocytoid reaction in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly more distinct in mild contusions compared with concussions 24 h after impact. Large phagocytes were rarely found in concussions and were not traceable 48 h after impact. Large phagocytes, however, were found in 50–55% of the mild contusions 48–72 h after head injury. Siderophages were found only in contusions (16.5–35%, 48–72 h after impact). The optimal time for lumbar punction is 24 h after head injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343306
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    Vertical structure of stratospheric water vapour trends derived from merged satellite data (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 7 (10). pp. 768-776.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Stratospheric water vapour is a powerful greenhouse gas. The longest available record from balloon observations over Boulder, Colorado, USA shows increases in stratospheric water vapour concentrations that cannot be fully explained by observed changes in the main drivers, tropical tropopause temperatures and methane. Satellite observations could help resolve the issue, but constructing a reliable long-term data record from individual short satellite records is challenging. Here we present an approach to merge satellite data sets with the help of a chemistry-climate model nudged to observed meteorology. We use the models' water vapour as a transfer function between data sets that overcomes issues arising from instrument drift and short overlap periods. In the lower stratosphere, our water vapour record extends back to 1988 and water vapour concentrations largely follow tropical tropopause temperatures. Lower and mid-stratospheric long-term trends are negative, and the trends from Boulder are shown not to be globally representative. In the upper stratosphere, our record extends back to 1986 and shows positive long-term trends. The altitudinal differences in the trends are explained by methane oxidation together with a strengthened lower-stratospheric and a weakened upper-stratospheric circulation inferred by this analysis. Our results call into question previous estimates of surface radiative forcing based on presumed global long-term increases in water vapour concentrations in the lower stratosphere.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2236
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    SPARC data initiative: Comparison of water vapor climatologies from international satellite limb sounders (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118 (20). pp. 11824-11846.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Description: Within the SPARC Data Initiative, the first comprehensive assessment of the quality of 13 water vapor products from 11 limb-viewing satellite instruments (LIMS, SAGE II, UARS-MLS, HALOE, POAM III, SMR, SAGE III, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS, and Aura-MLS) obtained within the time period 1978-2010 has been performed. Each instrument's water vapor profile measurements were compiled into monthly zonal mean time series on a common latitude-pressure grid. These time series serve as basis for the ‘climatological’ validation approach used within the project. The evaluations include comparisons of monthly or annual zonal mean cross-sections and seasonal cycles in the tropical and extra-tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere averaged over one or more years, comparisons of inter-annual variability, and a study of the time evolution of physical features in water vapor such as the tropical tape recorder and polar vortex dehydration. Our knowledge of the atmospheric mean state in water vapor is best in the lower and middle stratosphere of the tropics and mid-latitudes, with a relative uncertainty of ±2-6% (as quantified by the standard deviation of the instruments’ multi-annual means). The uncertainty increases towards the polar regions (±10-15%), the mesosphere (±15%), and the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere below 100 hPa (±30-50%), where sampling issues add uncertainty due to large gradients and high natural variability in water vapor. The minimum found in multi-annual (1998-2008) mean water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere is 3.5 ppmv (±14%), with slightly larger uncertainties for monthly mean values. The frequently used HALOE water vapor dataset shows consistently lower values than most other datasets throughout the atmosphere, with increasing deviations from the multi-instrument mean below 100 hPa in both the tropics and extra-tropics. The knowledge gained from these comparisons and regarding the quality of the individual datasets in different regions of the atmosphere will help to improve model-measurement comparisons (e.g. for diagnostics such as the tropical tape recorder or seasonal cycles), data merging activities, and studies of climate variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50752
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates [Public Health Microbiology] (2013)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-22
    Description: Our understanding of the sources of Mycobacterium avium infection is partially based on genotypic matching of pathogen isolates from cases and environmental sources. These approaches assume that genotypic identity is rare in isolates from unlinked cases or sources. To test this assumption, a high-resolution PCR-based genotyping approach, large-sequence polymorphism (LSP)-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR), was selected and used to analyze clinical and environmental isolates of M. avium from geographically diverse sources. Among 127 clinical isolates from seven locations in North America, South America, and Europe, 42 genotypes were observed. Among 12 of these genotypes, matches were seen in isolates from apparently unlinked patients in two or more geographic locations. Six of the 12 were also observed in environmental isolates. A subset of these isolates was further analyzed by alternative strain genotyping methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MIRU-VNTR, which confirmed the existence of geographically dispersed strain genotypes. These results suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting high-resolution genotypic matches as evidence for an acquisition event.
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 8
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    Is Structural Equation Modeling Advantageous for the Genetic Improvement of Multiple Traits? [Genomic Selection] (2013)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    In: Genetics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-04
    Description: Structural equation models (SEMs) are multivariate specifications capable of conveying causal relationships among traits. Although these models offer insights into how phenotypic traits relate to each other, it is unclear whether and how they can improve multiple-trait selection. Here, we explored concepts involved in SEMs, seeking for benefits that could be brought to breeding programs, relative to the standard multitrait model (MTM) commonly used. Genetic effects pertaining to SEMs and MTMs have distinct meanings. In SEMs, they represent genetic effects acting directly on each trait, without mediation by other traits in the model; in MTMs they express overall genetic effects on each trait, equivalent to lumping together direct and indirect genetic effects discriminated by SEMs. However, in breeding programs the goal is selecting candidates that produce offspring with best phenotypes, regardless of how traits are causally associated, so overall additive genetic effects are the matter. Thus, no information is lost in standard settings by using MTM-based predictions, even if traits are indeed causally associated. Nonetheless, causal information allows predicting effects of external interventions. One may be interested in predictions for scenarios where interventions are performed, e.g. , artificially defining the value of a trait, blocking causal associations, or modifying their magnitudes. We demonstrate that with information provided by SEMs, predictions for these scenarios are possible from data recorded under no interventions. Contrariwise, MTMs do not provide information for such predictions. As livestock and crop production involves interventions such as management practices, SEMs may be advantageous in many settings.
    Print ISSN: 0016-6731
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    The Causal Meaning of Genomic Predictors and How It Affects Construction and Comparison of Genome-Enabled Selection Models [Statistical Genetics and Genomics] (2015)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    In: Genetics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: The term "effect" in additive genetic effect suggests a causal meaning. However, inferences of such quantities for selection purposes are typically viewed and conducted as a prediction task. Predictive ability as tested by cross-validation is currently the most acceptable criterion for comparing models and evaluating new methodologies. Nevertheless, it does not directly indicate if predictors reflect causal effects. Such evaluations would require causal inference methods that are not typical in genomic prediction for selection. This suggests that the usual approach to infer genetic effects contradicts the label of the quantity inferred. Here we investigate if genomic predictors for selection should be treated as standard predictors or if they must reflect a causal effect to be useful, requiring causal inference methods. Conducting the analysis as a prediction or as a causal inference task affects, for example, how covariates of the regression model are chosen, which may heavily affect the magnitude of genomic predictors and therefore selection decisions. We demonstrate that selection requires learning causal genetic effects. However, genomic predictors from some models might capture noncausal signal, providing good predictive ability but poorly representing true genetic effects. Simulated examples are used to show that aiming for predictive ability may lead to poor modeling decisions, while causal inference approaches may guide the construction of regression models that better infer the target genetic effect even when they underperform in cross-validation tests. In conclusion, genomic selection models should be constructed to aim primarily for identifiability of causal genetic effects, not for predictive ability.
    Print ISSN: 0016-6731
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    A Population Genetics Perspective on Geminivirus Infection [Virus-Cell Interactions] (2015)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: The selective accumulation of both DNA components of a bipartite geminivirus, Abutilon mosaic virus, was recorded during early systemic infection of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Purified nuclei were diagnosed for viral DNA using hybridization specific for DNA A or DNA B to detect these individual genome components either alone or both simultaneously by dual-color staining. Although this virus needs both components for symptomatic infection, DNA A alone was transported to upper leaves, where it was imported into phloem nuclei and replicated autonomously. The coinfection with DNA A and DNA B revealed an independent spread of both molecules, which resulted in a stochastic distribution of DNA A- and DNA A/B-infected nuclei. A population genetics evaluation of the respective frequencies was compared to a model computation. This elucidated a surprisingly simple relationship between the initial frequencies of the viral DNA components and the number of susceptible cells during the course of early systemic infection. IMPORTANCE For bipartite begomoviruses, DNA B-independent long-distance spread of DNA A has been described before, but it has never been shown whether viral DNA A alone invades nuclei of systemic tissues and replicates therein. This is demonstrated now for the first time. During infection with DNA A and DNA B, a similar solitary spread of DNA A can be recognized at early stages. We describe a population genetics model of how the hit probabilities of DNA A and DNA B for susceptible cells determine the relative frequencies of either genome component during the course of infection.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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