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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Keywords: Agricultural ecology-Amazon River Region-Case studies. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Case Studies of Exosystem Dynamics Under a Spectrum of Land Use-Intensities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (143 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781461246589
    Series Statement: Ecological Studies ; v.60
    DDC: 634.909811
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    World Development 22 (1994), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 0305-750X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 92 (1993), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 02.60.+y ; 47.25.Qv ; 05.90+m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a novel method to analyze spatiotemporal signals emerging from synergetic systems. By this approach we are able to reconstruct the spatial modes, as well as their dynamic interaction close to instabilities. Our method is an extension of the principal component analysis to the case of nonlinear self-organizing systems. We demonstrate our method by an example of a codimension one instability, apply the algorithm to a simulated Bénard instability and present a generalization to bifurcations with several order parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 97 (1994), S. 62-72 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Amazon ; Rain forests ; Leaf life-span ; Photosynthesis ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Among species, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) is usually related to leaf nitrogen content (N), but variation in the species-specific relationship is not well understood. To address this issue, we studied Amax-N relationships in 23 species in adjacent Amazonian communities differentially limited by nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and/or other mineral nutrients. Five species were studied in each of three late successional forest types (Tierra Firme, Caatinga and Bana) and eight species were studied on disturbed sites (cultivated and early secondary successional Tierra Firme plots). Amax expressed on a mass basis (Amass) was correlated (p〈0.05) with Nmass in 17 of 23 species, and Amax on an area basis (Aarea) was correlated (p〈0.05) with Narea in 21 of 23 species. The slopes of Amax-N relationships were greater and intercepts lower for disturbance adapted early successional species than for late successional species. On a mass basis, the Amax-N slope averaged ≈15 μmol CO2 [g N]-1 s-1 for 7 early secondary successional species and ≈4 μmol CO2 [g N]-1 s-1 for 15 late successional species, respectively. Species from disturbed sites had shorter leaf life-span and greater specific leaf area (SLA) than late successional species. Across all 23 species, the slope of the Amass-Nmass relationship was related (p〈0.001) positively to SLA (r2=0.70) and negatively to leaf life-span (r2=0.78) and temporal niche during secondary succession (years since cutting-and-burning, r2=0.90). Thus, disturbance adapted early successional species display a set of traits (short leaf life-span, high SLA and Amax and a steep slope of Amax-N) conducive to resource acquisition and rapid growth in their high resource regeneration niches. The significance and form of the Amax-N relationship were associated with the relative nutrient limitations in the three late successional communities. At species and community levels, Amax was more highly dependent on N in the N-limited Caatinga than in the P-and N-limited Bana and least in the P-and Ca-limited Tierra Firme on oxisol-and differences among these three communities in their massbased Amax-N slope reflects this pattern (6.0, 2.4, and 0.7 μmol CO2 [g N]-1 s-1, respectively). Among all 23 species, the estimated leaf Nmass needed to reach compensation (net photosynthesis ≈ zero) was positively related to the Amass-Nmass slope and to dark respiration rates and negatively related to leaf life-span. Variation among species in the Amax-N slope was well correlated with potential photosynthetic N use efficiency, Amax per unit leaf N. The dependence of Amax on N and the form of the relationship vary among Amazonian species and communities, consistent with both relative availabilities of N, P, and other mineral nutrients, and with intrinsic ecophysiological characteristics of species adapted to habitats of varying resource availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Leaf lifespan ; Amazon ; Photosynthesis ; Specific leaf area ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relationships between resource availability, plant succession, and species' life history traits are often considered key to understanding variation among species and communities. Leaf lifespan is one trait important in this regard. We observed that leaf lifespan varies 30-fold among 23 species from natural and disturbed communities within a 1-km radius in the northern Amazon basin, near San Carlos de Rio Negro, Venezuela. Moreover, leaf lifespan was highly correlated with a number of important leaf structural and functional characterisues. Stomatal conductance to water vapor (g) and both mass and area-based net photosynthesis decreased with increasing leaf lifespan (r2=0.74, 0.91 and 0.75, respectively). Specific leaf area (SLA) also decreased with increasing leaf lifespan (r2=0.78), while leaf toughness increased (r2=0.62). Correlations between leaf lifespan and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were moderate on a weight basis and not significant on an area basis. On an absolute basis, changes in SLA, net photosynthesis and leaf chemistry were large as leaf lifespan varied from 1.5 to 12 months, but such changes were small as leaf lifespan increased from 1 to 5 years. Mass-based net photosynthesis (A/mass) was highly correlated with SLA (r2=0.90) and mass-based leaf nitrogen (N/mass) (r2=0.85), but area-based net photosynthesis (A/area) was not well correlated with any index of leaf structure or chemistry including N/area. Overall, these results indicate that species allocate resources towards a high photosynthetic assimilation rate for a brief time, or provide resistant physical structure that results in a lower rate of carbon assimilation over a longer time, but not both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amazonas ; Denitrification ; N-conservation mechanisms ; N-cycling ; N2-fixation ; Oxisol ; Rainforest ; Venezuela
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen Los contenidos y flujos de nitrógeno, incluyendo fijación de nitrógeno y denitrificación, se midieron en un bosque lluvioso tropical que crece sobre oxisoles en el Territorio Amazonas de Venezuela. El contenido de nitrógeno era comparable con el de bosques templados, pero era más elevado que en un bosque adyacente sobre spodosoles. Los flujos eran más elevados que en bosques de zonas templadas, pero más bajos que en otro bosque tropical de suelos más fértiles. A pesar de que el nitrógeno era abundante, esto no significa que este elemento no podría ser un factor limitante para la agricultura si el bosque se corta, y se cultiva la tierra. Los mecanismos de fijación y conservación de nitrógeno dependen de la estructura del bosque no perturbado, y la destrucción del bosque eventualmente disminuiría el suministro de nitrógeno al suelo.
    Notes: Abstract Standing stocks and fluxes of nitrogen, including nitrogen fixation and denitrification, were measured in a tropical rainforest on Oxisol in the Amazon Territory of Venezuela. The standing stock of nitrogen was comparable to that of temperate forests, but was higher than that in an adjacent forest on Spodosol. Fluxes were higher than in forests in the temperate zone, but lower than in another tropical forest on more fertile soil. Even though nitrogen was abundant, this does not mean that nitrogen could not be limiting to agriculture if the forest is cleared and the land cultivated. The nitrogen fixing and nitrogen conserving mechanisms are dependent upon the structure of the undisturbed forest, and destruction of the forest would eventually decrease the input of nitrogen to the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-03-26
    Description: Former studies already revealed the anti-neoplastic properties of the anti-infective agent Taurolidine (TRD) against many tumor species in vitro and in vivo. Its anti-proliferative and cell death inducing capacit...
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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