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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reactivation of tectonics, crustal underplating, and uplift after 60 Myr of passive subsidence, Raukumara Basin, Hikurangi-Kermadec fore arc, New Zealand : implications for global growth and recycling of continents (2009)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Tectonics, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1982, 28(2009), 1944-9194
    In: volume:28
    In: year:2009
    In: extent:23
    Description / Table of Contents: We use seismic reflection and refraction data to determine crustal structure, to map a fore-arc basin containing 12 km of sediment, and to image the subduction thrust at 35 km depth. Seismic reflection megasequences within the basin are correlated with onshore geology: megasequence X, Late Cretaceous and Paleogene marine passive margin sediments; megasequence Y, a ~10,000 km3 submarine landslide emplaced during subduction initiation at 22 Ma; and megasequence Z, a Neogene subduction margin megasequence. The Moho lies at 17 km beneath the basin center and at 35 km at the southern margin. Beneath the western basin margin, we interpret reflective units as deformed Gondwana fore-arc sediment that was thrust in Cretaceous time over oceanic crust 7 km thick. Raukumara Basin has normal faults at its western margin and is uplifted along its eastern and southern margins. Raukumara Basin represents a rigid fore-arc block 〉150 km long, which contrasts with widespread faulting and large Neogene vertical axis rotations farther south. Taper of the western edge of allochthonous unit Y and westward thickening and downlap of immediately overlying strata suggest westward or northwestward paleoslope and emplacement direction rather than southwestward, as proposed for the correlative onshore allochthon. Spatial correlation between rock uplift of the eastern and southern basin margins with the intersection between Moho and subduction thrust leads us to suggest that crustal underplating is modulated by fore-arc crustal thickness. The trench slope has many small extensional faults and lacks coherent internal reflections, suggesting collapse of indurated rock, rather than accretion of 〉1 km of sediment from the downgoing plate. The lack of volcanic intrusion east of the active arc, and stratigraphic evidence for the broadening of East Cape Ridge with time, suggests net fore-arc accretion since 22 Ma. We propose a cyclical fore-arc kinematic: rock moves down a subduction channel to near the base of the crust, where underplating drives rock uplift, oversteepens the trench slope, and causes collapse toward the trench and subduction channel. Cyclical rock particle paths led to persistent trench slope subsidence during net accretion. Existing global estimates of fore-arc loss are systematically too high because they assume vertical particle paths.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 23 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1944-9194
    DOI: 10.1029/2008TC002356
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GEOLOGICAL DRAUGHTING WITH COREL DRAW (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00191.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of Emperor-Hawaii seamount locations from a revised model of global plate motion and mantle flow (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain is a prominent feature usually attributed to a change in Pacific plate motion ∼47 Myr ago. However, global plate motion reconstructions fail to predict the bend. Here we show how the geometry of the Hawaiian-Emperor chain and other hotspot ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02660
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  • 4
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    Structure and breakup history of the rifted margin of West Antarctica in relation to Cretaceous separation from Zealandia and Bellingshausen plate motion (2012)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Wiley, 13(4), ISSN: 1525-2027
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-14
    Description: Geophysical data acquired using R/V Polarstern constrain the structure and age of the rifted oceanic margin of West Antarctica. West of the Antipodes Fault, the 145 km wide continent-ocean transition zone (COTZ) of the Marie Byrd Land sector resembles a typical Atlantic-type margin. New gravity and seismic reflection data indicates initial continental crust of thickness 24 km, that was stretched 90 km. Farther east, the Bellingshausen sector is broad and complex with abundant evidence for volcanism, the COTZ is c. 670 km wide, and the nature of crust within the COTZ is uncertain. Margin extension is estimated to be 106-304 km in this sector. Seafloor magnetic anomalies adjacent to Marie Byrd Land near the Pahemo Fracture Zone indicate full-spreading rate during c33-c31 (80-68 Myr) of 60 mm/yr, increasing to 74 mm/yr at c27 (62 Myr), and then dropping to 22 mm/yr by c22 (50 Myr). Spreading rates were lower to the west. Extrapolation towards the continental margin indicates initial oceanic crust formation at around c34y (84 Myr). Subsequent motion of the Bellingshausen plate relative to Antarctica (84-62 Myr) took place east of the Antipodes Fault at rates 〈40 mm/yr, typically 5-20 mm/yr. The high extension rate of 30-60 mm/yr during initial margin formation is consistent with steep and symmetrical margin morphology, but subsequent motion of the Bellingshausen plate was slow and complex, and modified rift morphology through migrating deformation and volcanic centres to create a broad and complex COTZ.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Morphology and kinematics of the rifted margin of West Antarctica in relation to separation from Zealandia and Bellingshausen plate motion (2012)
    In:  EPIC3General Assembly of European Geoscience Union (EGU), Vienna
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The final breakup of Gondwana occurred during Late Cretaceous time as rifted continental crust of New Zealand separated from West Antarctica. Geophysical data acquired using R/V Polarstern constrain the structure and age of Antarctica's rifted oceanic margin. The Marie Byrd Land sector resembles a typical magma-poor margin with a narrow steep slope and a 145 km wide continent-ocean transition zone (COTZ). Our transect modeled from gravity and seismic reflection data indicates initial continental crust of thickness 24 km that was stretched 90 km. The Bellingshausen sector, east of the Antipodes Fault, is broad and complex with abundant evidence for later volcanism. The COTZ is c. 670 km wide and substantial uncertainty remains as to the nature of crust within the COTZ. Extension estimates fall in the range of 106-304 km for this sector. Seafloor magnetic anomalies adjacent to the Marie Byrd Land sector at the longitude of the Pahemo Fracture Zone indicate a full-spreading rate during c33-c31 (80-68 Myr) of 60 mm/yr, increasing to 74 mm/yr at c27 (62 Myr), and then dropping to 22 mm/yr by c22 (50 Myr). Spreading rates were lower to the west. Extrapolation towards the continental margin indicates that initial oceanic crust formation was at c. c34y (84 Myr). The high extension rate of 30-60 mm/yr during initial margin formation is consistent with the relatively sharp and symmetrical margin morphology, but subsequent motion of the Bellingshausen plate relative to Antarctica was slow and complex, and modified the rift morphology through migrating deformation and volcanic centres to create a broad and complex COTZ.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
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    Crustal erosion and accretion processes leading to forearc uplift of Raukumara Basin, Hikurangi-Kermadec subduction zone, northeastern New Zealand (2008)
    In:  [Poster] In: AGU Fall Meeting, 15.-19.12, San Francisco, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Crustal structure of the Kermadec arc from MANGO seismic refraction profiles (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121 (10). 7514-7546 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-04
    Description: Three active-source seismic refraction profiles are integrated with morphological and potential field data to place the first regional constraints on the structure of the Kermadec subduction zone. These observations are used to test contrasting tectonic models for an along-strike transition in margin structure previously known as the 32°S boundary. We use residual bathymetry to constrain the geometry of this boundary and propose the name Central Kermadec Discontinuity (CKD). North of the CKD, the buried Tonga Ridge occupies the forearc with VP 6.5–7.3 km s-1 and residual free-air gravity anomalies constrain its latitudinal extent (north of 30.5°S), width (110 ± 20 km) and strike (~005° south of 25°S). South of the CKD the forearc is structurally homogeneous down-dip with VP 5.7–7.3 km s-1. In the Havre Trough backarc, crustal thickness south of the CKD is 8-9 km, which is up-to 4 km thinner than the northern Havre Trough and at least 1 km thinner than the southern Havre Trough. We suggest that the Eocene arc did not extend along the current length of the Tonga-Kermadec trench. The Eocene arc was originally connected to the Three Kings Ridge and the CKD was likely formed during separation and easterly translation of an Eocene arc substrate during the early Oligocene. We suggest that the first-order crustal thickness variations along the Kermadec arc were inherited from before the Neogene and reflect Mesozoic crustal structure, the Cenozoic evolution of the Tonga-Kermadec-Hikurangi margin and along-strike variations in the duration of arc volcanism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2016JB013194
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  • 8
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    Three-dimensional velocity structure of the northern Hikurangi margin, Raukumara, New Zealand: Implications for the growth of continental crust by subduction erosion and tectonic underplating (2010)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 11 (10). Q10013.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: Traveltimes between shots from nine marine seismic reflection lines and nine onshore recorders were used to construct a 3-D P wave velocity model of the northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand. From north to south between Raukumara Basin and Raukumara Peninsula, the Moho of the overriding plate increases in depth from 17 to similar to 35 km. Low seismic P wave velocities of 3.5-5.0 km/s are localized within a similar to 10 km thick prism in the lower crust of the overriding plate immediately updip of the intersection between the subduction thrust and Moho and beneath the topographic crest of East Cape Ridge and the Raukumara Range. Southward, this region of low seismic velocities and surface uplift increases in distance from the trench as the thickness of the crust in the overriding plate increases. We interpret this low-velocity volume to be underplated sedimentary rocks and crustal materials that were tectonically eroded by subduction beneath the trench slope. The buoyancy and low strength of these subducted materials are proposed to assist the escape from a subduction channel near the base of the crust and drive local rock uplift. In the middle crust, our observations of very low velocity suggest high fluid-filled porosities of 12%-18%, and the implied buoyancy anomaly may enhance underplating. At greater depths the process is driven by the contrast between upper crustal quartz-feldspar mineralogy and the denser diabase or olivine-rich lithologies of the lower crust and mantle. We estimate a rate of lower crustal underplating at the northern Hikurangi margin of 20 +/- 7 km(3) Ma(-1) km(-1) since 22 Ma. We suggest that underplating provides an efficient means of accreting subducted sediment and tectonically eroded material to the lower crust and that the flux of forearc crustal rocks into the mantle at subduction zones may be systematically overestimated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GC003137
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  • 9
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    Reactivation of tectonics, crustal underplating, and uplift after 60 Myr of passive subsidence, Raukumara Basin, Hikurangi-Kermadec fore arc, New Zealand: implications for global growth and recycling of continents (2009)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Tectonics, 28 (TC5017).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Description: We use seismic reflection and refraction data to determine crustal structure, to map a fore-arc basin containing 12 km of sediment, and to image the subduction thrust at 35 km depth. Seismic reflection megasequences within the basin are correlated with onshore geology: megasequence X, Late Cretaceous and Paleogene marine passive margin sediments; megasequence Y, a similar to 10,000 km(3) submarine landslide emplaced during subduction initiation at 22 Ma; and megasequence Z, a Neogene subduction margin megasequence. The Moho lies at 17 km beneath the basin center and at 35 km at the southern margin. Beneath the western basin margin, we interpret reflective units as deformed Gondwana fore-arc sediment that was thrust in Cretaceous time over oceanic crust 7 km thick. Raukumara Basin has normal faults at its western margin and is uplifted along its eastern and southern margins. Raukumara Basin represents a rigid fore-arc block > 150 km long, which contrasts with widespread faulting and large Neogene vertical axis rotations farther south. Taper of the western edge of allochthonous unit Y and westward thickening and downlap of immediately overlying strata suggest westward or northwestward paleoslope and emplacement direction rather than southwestward, as proposed for the correlative onshore allochthon. Spatial correlation between rock uplift of the eastern and southern basin margins with the intersection between Moho and subduction thrust leads us to suggest that crustal underplating is modulated by fore-arc crustal thickness. The trench slope has many small extensional faults and lacks coherent internal reflections, suggesting collapse of indurated rock, rather than accretion of > 1 km of sediment from the downgoing plate. The lack of volcanic intrusion east of the active arc, and stratigraphic evidence for the broadening of East Cape Ridge with time, suggests net fore-arc accretion since 22 Ma. We propose a cyclical fore-arc kinematic: rock moves down a subduction channel to near the base of the crust, where underplating drives rock uplift, oversteepens the trench slope, and causes collapse toward the trench and subduction channel. Cyclical rock particle paths led to persistent trench slope subsidence during net accretion. Existing global estimates of fore-arc loss are systematically too high because they assume vertical particle paths. Citation: Sutherland, R., et al. (2009), Reactivation of tectonics, crustal underplating, and uplift after 60 Myr of passive subsidence, Raukumara Basin, Hikurangi-Kermadec fore arc, New Zealand: Implications for global growth and recycling of continents, Tectonics, 28, TC5017, doi: 10.1029/2008TC002356.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2008TC002356
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Structure and deformation of the Hikurangi-Kermadec subduction zone - transitions revealed by seismic wide-angle data (2008)
    In:  [Poster] In: AGU Fall Meeting, 15.-19.12, San Francisco, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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