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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    North Pacific oceanography after WOCE : a commemoration to Nobuo Suginohara (2010)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: S. 1093 - 1265 , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Deep sea research 57.2010,13/14
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bottom topography and density stratification on the formation of western boundary currents (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 35 (1980), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A wind-driven, general circulation for a two-layer ocean with continental shelf-slope along the western boundary is studied numerically. Special attention is focused on the formation process of the western boundary current in the subtropical gyre. The western boundary current develops in the upper layer along the western boundary on the shelf-slope with a bottom trapped poleward flow in the lower layer. The poleward undercurrent is concentrated approximately along the contour lines of the potential vorticity,f/D, wheref is the Coriolis parameter andD the depth of the ocean. The separation of upper- and lower-layer flows on the shelf-slope represents a typical transient response. As the response approaches a steady state, the poleward undercurrent decreases in amplitude, and the motion tends to be confined to the upper layer. The flow pattern becomes similar to that found in a flat bottom ocean. A steady-state response is expected to be isostatic (no motion in the lower layer), even on the shelf-slope, as conservation of potential vorticity would suggest. The remarkable increase in transport of the western boundary current produced by the formation of an anticyclonic vortex on the shelf-slope extending throughout the hemisphere (Holland, 1973) does not occur in the wind-driven general circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02108926
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bottom topography and density stratification on variations of western boundary currents caused by periodic change in wind stress (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 40 (1984), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Variations of the western boundary currents induced by a periodic change in wind stress are studied in a two-layer model with a continental slope along the western boundary. The variation of the total transport of the western boundary current over the continental slope shows a considerable phase lag with the wind stress and a decrease in amplitude compared with for the flat bottom ocean, though the interior barotropic response is to adjust almost instantaneously to the wind stress. The total transport variation of the western boundary current is well approximated by the upper layer transport variation. That is, almost complete separation of the upper- and lower-layer flows takes place over the slope, and only the upper layer flow contributes to the change in total transport of the western boundary current. Contributions of the interior barotropic and baroclinic responses to the upper layer transport variation depend on the forcing period. With decrease in the forcing period, the barotropic response becomes relatively important for determining the upper layer transport variation although the amplitude of the variation is smaller.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02071210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Set-up of deep circulation in multi-level numerical models (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 44 (1988), S. 315-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigates the way an ocean filled with homogeneous warm water is cooled by prescribing cold water formation inside the ocean in the southern part of the southern hemisphere using multi-level numerical models. Cooling of the whole ocean starts with introduction of the cold water from the formation region into the deepest part of the ocean in the equatorial and eastern boundary regions by Kelvin wave-type density currents. The cold water along the eastern boundary extends westward as a Rossby wave-type density current setting up an interior poleward flow, and hits the western boundary to form a northward flowing boundary current in the northern hemisphere. Only then does the western boundary current cross the equator. Cooling of the rest of the ocean basin is accomplished by upwellings in the interior and also along the coasts. During this introduction the cold water is mixed with surrounding warm waters, and the thermocline, rather than forming just below the top level where heating is imposed, tends to spread down to deeper depths. Consequently the circulation at a steady state has a significant vertical structure such that the maximum upwelling in the interior occurs in the mid-depths, and only the deeper part of the deep ocean yields the Stommel and Arons circulation pattern. In the equatorial region higher vertical mode motions dominate, and a set of alternating zonal jets forms along the equator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02302574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a continental slope along the western boundary on the abyssal circulation (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 48 (1992), S. 193-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract To investigate effects of a continental slope along the western boundary on the abyssal circulation, numerical experiments using multi-level models were carried out. An ocean which extends over the northern and southern hemispheres is forced by cooling inside the ocean at the southwest corner of the basin and uniform heating through the sea surface. When the reference density for the cooling is vertically uniform, effects of the slope emerge clearly for the slope with considerably broad width. The deep western boundary current flowing over the slope feeds no bottom flows in the southern hemisphere, and carries the warmed deep water into the northern hemisphere. This leads to the increased meridional density gradient, which results in the modification of deep flow patterns. When the reference density is vertically distributed, the upper and lower northward flowing western boundary currents form in the deep layer. As the density stratification relaxes the topographic control, the westward intensification of the upper boundary current is achieved over the slope. The intensified flow is accompanied by the countercurrent and they form the horizontal recirculation over the slope. However, the effects are confined around the slope region and the interior flow patterns do not change. The lower boundary current is not significantly affected by the slope and has the large width with no countercurrent. It is found that the actual continental slope does not have significant effects on the gross feature of the thermohaline circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02239005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ecological-physical coupled model applied to Station Papa (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 51 (1995), S. 635-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A vertical one-dimensional ecosystem model was constructed and applied to Station Papa. The model has seven compartments (phytoplankton, nitrate, ammonium, zooplankton, particulate organic matters, dissolved organic matters, dissolved oxygen) and was coupled with a mixed layer model for calculating diffusion coefficient which appears in the governing equations. The mixed layer model was driven by SST, SSS data observed at Station Papa in 1980 and ECMWF wind data for 1980, and the ecosystem model was driven by fixing nitrate concentration in deep layer to an observational value. The phytoplankton maximum in March was reproduced by the model although the maximum in fall-winter could not be reproduced. The model also suggests the importance of studying nitrification. As a whole, the model could reproduce characteristic features at Station Papa such as the summer ammonium maximum at 50 m depth, the summer dissolved oxygen maximum at 70 m depth and the absence of remarkable phytoplankton bloom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02235457
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convection induced by cooling at one side wall in two-dimensional non-rotating fluid —applicability to the deep Pacific circulation— (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 52 (1996), S. 617-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In recognition that similarity in the density balance leads to resemblance in circulation between the two-dimensional non-rotating and three-dimensional rotating systems which have similar density stratification, we investigate convection induced by cooling at one side wall and heating at the sea surface by using a two-dimensional non-rotating model as idealized representation for the deep Pacific circulation. In the model, various vertical profiles are taken for the side wall cooling, which are assumed to correspond to the density structure of the Anatarctic Circumpolar Current. In a small diffusivity range, two important features are found to be robust against change in the vertical profile of the side wall cooling. One is that the density stratification is horizontally almost uniform. The other is that the balance in the density equation between the vertical advection and the vertical diffusion holds in the interior. Consequently, the vertical density balance, together with the equation of continuity, determines the circulation pattern for the prescribed vertical profile of the side wall cooling. The multi-layered meridional flow, which is expected to exist in the deep Pacific, is shown to form for certain vertical profiles of the side wall cooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238324
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upwelling front and two-cell circulation in a two-dimensional model (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 34 (1978), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The intensification of upwelling front and two-cell circulation is studied numerically in a two dimensional level model. Upwelling front is set initially with longshore geostrophic flow. The uniform wind stress forces the ocean which has an infinite north-south coast line. Two-cell circulation, downwelling just inshore-side of the front and upwelling offshore-side, is induced, and the front is intensified. It is found that the intensification is occurred in the inshore-side of the front, and the intensification is basically due to the deviation from the thermal-wind balance, as is shown bySuginohara (1977). It is found that the inshore-side cell intrudes under the pycnocline. It seems to reproduce the observed two-cell circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02108634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment to “on motions in steady, layered, geostrophic models” by C. Rooth, H. Stommel and G. Veronis (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 34 (1978), S. 268-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111173
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bottom topography and density stratification on the formation of western boundary currents (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 35 (1980), S. 224-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The formation processes of western boundary currents in a two-layer ocean with continental shelf and slope are studied numerically. The ocean is forced by a prescribed inflow-outflow through the eastern boundary, instead of by the wind stress. Three case studies for the inflow-outflow conditions: isostatic, barotropic and baroclinic inflow-outflow cases, are discussed. The isostatic inflow-outflow leads to an isostatic steady-state flow, as has been examined for a wind-driven, two-layer, general circulation in Part I (Miura andSuginohara, 1980). For the barotropic inflow-outflow case, displacements of the interface are generated on the slope, and the pattern of the interface displacements spreads to the western boundary. A portion of the energy carried by the barotropic Rossby waves from the interior region crosses the slope. A concentrated poleward undercurrent is formed in the lower layer on the slope. The baroclinic inflow-outflow induces a transport on the slope, which forms an anticyclonic vortex over the shelf and slope in the subtropical gyre. The anticyclonic vortex is composed of a bottom trapped, equatorward lower layer flow on the slope and upper layer flows on the shelf. In each case, the flow pattern of the upper layer for a quasi-steady state seems to be unaffected by the bottom topography. An explanation of the remarkable increase in transport of the western boundary current inHolland (1973) is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02108927
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