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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth rate and nutritional status of wild and released reared juvenile turbot in southern Kattegat, Denmark (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: More than 800 000 reared juvenile turbot Psetta maxima were released in Danish waters during the period 1990 to 2002, as part of a stock enhancement programme. Performance of the released fish has been investigated using a combination of surveys and experimental studies. A total of 1278 wild fish and 439 alizarine marked released fish were caught in 16 surveys from 1993 to 1997. Recaptures were made over a period of c. 2 years after release. Results of growth analysis and measurements of nutritional status (condition factor, liver index, liver dry matter and otolith residual mass) showed only minor differences between wild and released fish. Growth rates of wild and of released fish were comparable to fish kept in the laboratory at the same temperature (specific length growth rate c. 0·5% day−1 at 75–185 mm total length and 12·5° C). The results indicated sufficient food in the release area, but significant differences in growth and in nutritional status, between  years, were also observed. Nutritional status of both wild and released fish was comparable to fed fish in the experiments and significantly higher than in fish starved for  〉 1 week. The effects of the transport and release procedures used were examined by simulated releases in laboratory tanks. The fish were observed to be feeding and growing normally during the first week after simulated release, suggesting this species to be relatively robust and unaffected by the handling and release procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00541.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bottom substrate preference in wild and reared turbot Psetta maxima L. (2003)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Structural complexity and bottom sediment preference was examined in the laboratory for 3 groups of juvenile turbot in order to gain information on habitat preference. For the experiments, a 4 m2 large tank was divided into 4 equal-sized squares each with a different bottom type; sand (0·3–0·6 mm in diameter), gravel (18–25 mm in diameter), sand/gravel and sand/vegetation. The experiments were carried out with both wild and reared turbot. Two experiments with reared fish included one small (8·5 cm) and one large (11·5 cm) size group of turbot. Further, one group with large wild fish (18·0 cm) was also analyzed. A preference for sand was evident in all the groups. These results highlighted the importance of sand bottom for turbot and it should be kept in mind when evaluating the impact from different habitats on the recruitment, the bottom substrate might play an important role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.216bs.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elusive copepods: their production and suitability in marine aquaculture (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Despite the fact that the suitability of copepods as live prey for marine fish larvae is now well established, their use in aquaculture remains sporadic. Although of lower nutritional value, the relative ease of production of rotifers (Brachionus spp.) and Artemia nauplii continues to ensure their predominance. Studies in the literature have highlighted differences in the levels and ratios of fatty acids, lipid classes and pigments between copepods and traditional live prey. Such differences may have important consequences for fish larval nutrition. The consequences of poor nutrition during fish larval development may be obvious, for example deformities or malpigmentation, but in many cases may be obscure, as in affects on temperature tolerance or growth during later life stages. In some aquaculture systems, copepods are cultured in large quantities in outdoor, extensive or semi-intensive units. Intensive-rearing systems for copepods require further development. However, it is now established that intensive rearing on monoalgal diets does not result in severe deterioration of the nutritional value of the copepods, at least in terms of their highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content. In some cases, the provision of copepods for a short period of time during the larval stage is sufficient to ensure normal development. However, it remains to be demonstrated that the extra costs involved result in increased profits as a result of higher percentages of normally pigmented juvenile fish, improved growth and survival and reduced incidence of disease. This paper reviews the advances in production systems for copepods, their nutritional value as live prey for fish and their present and potential use in aquaculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.318488.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding ecology and growth of age 0 year Platichthys flesus(L.) in a vegetated and a bare sand habitat in a nutrient rich fjord (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A study was carried out to investigate the diet and feeding strategies of age 0 year juvenile flounder Platichthys flesus in two different micro-tidal habitats in the nutrient enriched Mariager Fjord on the Danish east coast. Juvenile flounder and benthic macrofauna were sampled monthly from June to October 1999 in a bare sand habitat and a habitat covered by filamentous and mat forming macroalgae. The presence of the ‘opportunistic’ macroalgae created a shift in the dominance of surface dwelling prey such as epifaunal amphipods to more infaunal groups such as oligochaetes and polychaetes. The diet of the flounder varied considerably between the two habitats mainly reflecting prey availability relative to their abundance, prey spatial distribution, habitat structure and ontogenetic prey shifts as a function of total length. Flounder in the vegetated site fed on a diverse diet of copepods, polychaetes and oligochaetes, whereas those caught in the bare sand site fed primarily on the amphipod Corophium volutator which was numerically dominant at this site. During the growth season, two diet shifts were observed: from copepods early in the season to macrofauna organisms and, later in the season, the inclusion of more hyperbenthic prey such as Mysidea spp; Idotea spp. and the common goby Pomatoschistus microps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00620.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    On the edge of death: Rates of decline and lower thresholds of biochemical condition in food-deprived fish larvae and juveniles (2012)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Marine Systems
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Gaining reliable estimates of how long fish early life stages can survive without feeding and how starvation rate and time until death are influenced by body size, temperature and species is critical to understanding processes controlling mortality in the sea. The present study is an across-species analysis of starvation-induced changes in biochemical condition in early life stages of ninemarine and freshwater fishes. Datawere compiled on changes in body size (dry weight, DW) and biochemical condition (standardized RNA–DNA ratio, sRD) throughout the course of starvation of yolk-sac and feeding larvae and juveniles in the laboratory. In all cases, themean biochemical condition of groups decreased exponentially with starvation time, regardless of initial condition and endogenous yolk reserves. A starvation rate for individuals was estimated from discrete 75th percentiles of sampled populations versus time (degree-days, Dd). The 10th percentile of sRD successfully approximated the lowest, life-stage-specific biochemical condition (the edge of death). Temperature could explain 59% of the variability in time to death whereas DW had no effect. Species and life-stage-specific differences in starvation parameters suggest selective adaptation to food deprivation. Previously published, interspecific functions predicting the relationship between growth rate and sRD in feeding fish larvae do not apply to individuals experiencing prolonged food deprivation. Starvation rate, edge of death, and time to death are viable proxies for the physiological processes under food deprivation of individual fish pre-recruits in the laboratory and provide useful metrics for research on the role of starvation in the sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
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    On the edge of death: Rates of decline and lower thresholds of biochemical condition in food-deprived fish larvae and juveniles (2011)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 93 (May). pp. 11-24.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-13
    Description: Gaining reliable estimates of how long fish early life stages can survive without feeding and how starvation rate and time until death are influenced by body size, temperature and species is critical to understanding processes controlling mortality in the sea. The present study is an across-species analysis of starvation-induced changes in biochemical condition in early life stages of nine marine and freshwater fishes. Data were compiled on changes in body size (dry weight, DW) and biochemical condition (standardized RNA–DNA ratio, sRD) throughout the course of starvation of yolk-sac and feeding larvae and juveniles in the laboratory. In all cases, the mean biochemical condition of groups decreased exponentially with starvation time, regardless of initial condition and endogenous yolk reserves. A starvation rate for individuals was estimated from discrete 75th percentiles of sampled populations versus time (degree-days, Dd). The 10th percentile of sRD successfully approximated the lowest, life-stage-specific biochemical condition (the edge of death). Temperature could explain 59% of the variability in time to death whereas DW had no effect. Species and life-stage-specific differences in starvation parameters suggest selective adaptation to food deprivation. Previously published, interspecific functions predicting the relationship between growth rate and sRD in feeding fish larvae do not apply to individuals experiencing prolonged food deprivation. Starvation rate, edge of death, and time to death are viable proxies for the physiological processes under food deprivation of individual fish pre-recruits in the laboratory and provide useful metrics for research on the role of starvation in the sea. Highlights ► Biochemical condition (RNA–DNA ratio) decreases exponentially during starvation. ► Starvation parameters of individuals can be derived from data collected on groups. ► Physiological rates of starvation compare well across a broad range of temperatures. ► Species and life stages specific starvation parameters indicate selective adaptation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.09.010
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Forage fish quality: seasonal lipid dynamics of herring (Clupea harengus L.) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the Baltic Sea (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-12
    Description: Røjbek, M. C., Tomkiewicz, J., Jacobsen, C., and Støttrup, J. G. Forage fish quality: seasonal lipid dynamics of herring ( Clupea harengus L.) and sprat ( Sprattus sprattus L.) in the Baltic Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: . This study investigates lipid content and fatty acid composition of two important forage fish, sprat ( Sprattus sprattus ) and herring ( Clupea harengus ) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Seasonal variation in lipids was studied during three periods following the annual reproductive cycle considering potential differences relating to fish size, sex, and reproductive status. The isopod Saduria entomon , being at times an important prey for predatory fish, was included for comparison. In both sprat and herring, lipid content and absolute contents of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) varied seasonally with high levels towards the end of the annual zooplankton production cycle, succeeded by a decline. Lipid content and fatty acid composition differed significantly between sprat and herring. Sprat lipid content was higher than herring, increasing with fish size and characterized by large proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids. Herring lipid content was related to the reproductive cycle and proportions of PUFAs were high compared with sprat. Levels of essential PUFAs were high in S. entomon compared with clupeids rendering it a valuable alternative prey species in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The lipid dynamics of forage fish and benthos, combined with changes in availability and abundance, will affect growth and reproduction of their predators.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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