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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Global lessons learned from regional coastal ocean observing system (2008)
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    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 119 S. , Ill., graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Marine Technology Society journal 42,3
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Cold event in the South Atlantic Bight during summer of 2003 : model simulations and implications (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): C05022, doi:10.1029/2006JC003903.
    Description: A set of model simulations are used to determine the principal forcing mechanisms that resulted in anomalously cold water in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) in the summer of 2003. Updated mass field and elevation boundary conditions from basin-scale Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations are compared to climatological forcing to provide offshore and upstream influences in a one-way nesting sense. Model skill is evaluated by comparing model results with observations of velocity, water level, and surface and bottom temperature. Inclusion of realistic atmospheric forcing, river discharge, and improved model dynamics produced good skill on the inner shelf and midshelf. The intrusion of cold water onto the shelf occurred predominantly along the shelf-break associated with onshore flow in the southern part of the domain north of Cape Canaveral (29° to 31.5°). The atmospheric forcing (anomalously strong and persistent upwelling-favorable winds) was the principal mechanism driving the cold event. Elevated river discharge increased the level of stratification across the inner shelf and midshelf and contributed to additional input of cold water into the shelf. The resulting pool of anomalously cold water constituted more than 50% of the water on the shelf in late July and early August. The excess nutrient flux onto the shelf associated with the upwelling was approximated using published nitrate-temperature proxies, suggesting increased primary production during the summer over most of the SAB shelf.
    Description: The preparation of this paper was primarily supported by the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing System (SEACOOS) and the South Atlantic Bight Limited Area Model (SABLAM). SEACOOS is a collaborative, regional program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under award N00014-02-1-0972 and managed by the University of North Carolina-General Administration. SABLAM was sponsored by the National Ocean Partnership Program (award NAG 13-00041). Data from ship surveys were collected and processed with the support from NSF grant OCE-0099167 (J. R. Nelson), NSF grant OCE-9982133 (J. O. Blanton, SkIO), NASA grant NAG-10557 (J. R. Nelson), and SEACOOS. NOAA NDBC buoy data and NOS coastal water level records were obtained through NOAA-supported data archives and web portals. Moored instrument data from the Carolina Coastal Ocean Observation and Prediction System (Caro-COOPS) were acquired from the system’s website (http://www.carocoops.org). Caro-COOPS is sponsored by NOAA grant NA16RP2543.
    Keywords: Summer upwelling ; Model simulations ; South Atlantic Bight
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Mixing in a coastal environment : 1. A view from dye dispersion (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): C10013, doi:10.1029/2003JC002194.
    Description: Dye release experiments were performed together with microstructure profiling to compare the two methods of estimating diapycnal diffusivity during summer and fall stratification on the continental shelf south of New England. The experiments were done in 1996 and 1997 as part of the Coastal Mixing and Optics Experiment. During the 100 hours or so of the experiments the area of the dye patches grew from less than 1 km2 to more than 50 km2 [ Sundermeyer and Ledwell, 2001 ]. Diapycnal diffusivities inferred from dye dispersion range from 10−6 to 10−5 m2/s at buoyancy frequencies from 9 to 28 cycles/hour. Diffusivities estimated from the dye and those estimated from dissipation rates in the companion paper by Oakey and Greenan [2004] agree closely in most cases. Estimates of diffusivities from towed conductivity microstructure measurements made during the cruises by Duda and Rehmann [2002] and Rehmann and Duda [2000] are fairly consistent with the dye diffusivities. The dye diffusivities would be predicted well by an empirical formula involving shear and stratification statistics developed by MacKinnon and Gregg [2003] from profiling microstructure measurements obtained at the same site in August 1996. All of the measurements support the general conclusion that the diffusivity, averaged over several days, is seldom greater than 10−5 m2/s in the stratified waters at the site, and usually not much greater than 10−6 m2/s. Severe storms, such as a hurricane that passed over the CMO site in 1996, can dramatically increase the mixing at the site, however.
    Description: This work was part of the ONR Coastal Mixing and Optics Experiment, and was funded by grants N00014-95-1- 0633, N00014-95-1-1063, N00014-95-1-1064, and N00014-01-1-0211. Completion of this paper was supported by the Edward W. and Ellyn B. Scripps Chair awarded to J. Ledwell. H. Seim’s participation was supported by ONR grant N00014-96-1-0616.
    Keywords: Dispersion ; Turbulence ; Continental shelf
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    Chlorophyll and pheopigments from filtered water samples from R/V Savannah cruises in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) continental shelf off Long Bay, January-April 2012 (Long Bay Wintertime Bloom project) (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: LB_2012_Ship_Chl
    Description: Chlorophyll and pheopigments from filtered water samples from R/V Savannah cruises in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) continental shelf off Long Bay, January-April 2012. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/638203
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032285, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032276
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 5
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    Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems (2019)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Todd, R. E., Chavez, F. P., Clayton, S., Cravatte, S., Goes, M., Greco, M., Ling, X., Sprintall, J., Zilberman, N., V., Archer, M., Aristegui, J., Balmaseda, M., Bane, J. M., Baringer, M. O., Barth, J. A., Beal, L. M., Brandt, P., Calil, P. H. R., Campos, E., Centurioni, L. R., Chidichimo, M. P., Cirano, M., Cronin, M. F., Curchitser, E. N., Davis, R. E., Dengler, M., deYoung, B., Dong, S., Escribano, R., Fassbender, A. J., Fawcett, S. E., Feng, M., Goni, G. J., Gray, A. R., Gutierrez, D., Hebert, D., Hummels, R., Ito, S., Krug, M., Lacan, F., Laurindo, L., Lazar, A., Lee, C. M., Lengaigne, M., Levine, N. M., Middleton, J., Montes, I., Muglia, M., Nagai, T., Palevsky, H., I., Palter, J. B., Phillips, H. E., Piola, A., Plueddemann, A. J., Qiu, B., Rodrigues, R. R., Roughan, M., Rudnick, D. L., Rykaczewski, R. R., Saraceno, M., Seim, H., Sen Gupta, A., Shannon, L., Sloyan, B. M., Sutton, A. J., Thompson, L., van der Plas, A. K., Volkov, D., Wilkin, J., Zhang, D., & Zhang, L. Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2010); 423, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00423.
    Description: Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. The next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations.
    Description: RT was supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research at WHOI. FC was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. MGo was funded by NSF and NOAA/AOML. XL was funded by China’s National Key Research and Development Projects (2016YFA0601803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41490641, 41521091, and U1606402), and the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (2017ASKJ01). JS was supported by NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (Award NA15OAR4320071). DZ was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063. BS was supported by IMOS and CSIRO’s Decadal Climate Forecasting Project. We gratefully acknowledge the wide range of funding sources from many nations that have enabled the observations and analyses reviewed here.
    Keywords: Western boundary current systems ; Eastern boundary current systems ; Ocean observing systems ; Time series ; Autonomous underwater gliders ; Drifters ; Remote sensing ; Moorings
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    A shelf water cascading event near Cape Hatteras (2022)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society , 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Han, L., Seim, H., Bane, J., Todd, R. E., & Muglia, M. A shelf water cascading event near Cape Hatteras. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51(6), (2021): 2021–2033, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0156.1.
    Description: Carbon-rich Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) shelf waters typically converge on the continental shelf near Cape Hatteras. Both are often exported to the adjacent open ocean in this region. During a survey of the region in mid-January 2018, there was no sign of shelf water export at the surface. Instead, a subsurface layer of shelf water with high chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen was observed at the edge of the Gulf Stream east of Cape Hatteras. Strong cooling over the MAB and SAB shelves in early January led to shelf waters being denser than offshore surface waters. Driven by the density gradient, the denser shelf waters cascaded beneath the Gulf Stream and were subsequently entrained into the Gulf Stream, as they were advected northeastward. Underwater glider observations 80 km downstream of the export location captured 0.44 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of shelf waters transported along the edge of the Gulf Stream in January 2018. In total, as much as 7 × 106 kg of carbon was exported from the continental shelf to a greater depth in the open ocean during this 5-day-long cascading event. Earlier observations of near-bottom temperature and salinity at a depth of 230 m captured several multiday episodes of shelf water at a location that was otherwise dominated by Gulf Stream water, indicating that the January 2018 cascading event was not unique. Cascading is an important, yet little-studied pathway of carbon export and sequestration at Cape Hatteras.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE-1558920 to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and OCE-1558521 to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) as part of PEACH. We acknowledge and thank Sara Haines for the processing and QC of the mooring data, and we thank the PEACH group for helpful discussions and for their support. Additional thanks are given to the crew of R/V Armstrong (AR-26).
    Keywords: Continental shelf/slope ; Fronts ; In situ oceanic observations
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
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    Overview of the Processes driving Exchange At Cape Hatteras Program (2022)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seim, H., Savidge, D., Andres, M., Bane, J., Edwards, C., Gawarkiewicz, G., He, R., Todd, R., Muglia, M., Zambon, J., Han, L., & Mao, S. Overview of the Processes driving Exchange at Cape Hatteras Program. Oceanography, (2022), https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.205.
    Description: The Processes driving Exchange At Cape Hatteras (PEACH) program seeks to better understand seawater exchanges between the continental shelf and the open ocean near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This location is where the Gulf Stream transitions from a boundary-trapped current to a free jet, and where robust along-shelf convergence brings cool, relatively fresh Middle Atlantic Bight and warm, salty South Atlantic Bight shelf waters together, forming an important and dynamic biogeographic boundary. The magnitude of this convergence implies large export of shelf water to the open ocean here. Background on the oceanography of the region provides motivation for the study and gives context for the measurements that were made. Science questions focus on the roles that wind forcing, Gulf Stream forcing, and lateral density gradients play in driving exchange. PEACH observational efforts include a variety of fixed and mobile observing platforms, and PEACH modeling included two different resolutions and data assimilation schemes. Findings to date on mean circulation, the nature of export from the southern Middle Atlantic Bight shelf, Gulf Stream variability, and position variability of the Hatteras Front are summarized, together with a look ahead to forthcoming analyses.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge NSF funding (OCE-1558920 to UNC-CH, OCE-1559476 to SkIO, OCE-1558521 to WHOI, OCE-1559178 to NCSU); technical support from Sara Haines, Craig Marquette, Trip Patterson, Nick DeSimone, Erran Sousa, Gabe Matthias, Patrick Deane, Brian Hogue, Frank Bahr, and Ben Hefner; cruise participants Jacob Forsyth, Joleen Heiderich, Chuxuan Li, Marco Valero, Lauren Ball, John McCord, and Kyle Maddux-Lawrence; and the crew of R/V Armstrong for their able support during three PEACH cruises.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Time series of dissolved oxygen measured on an undulating glider collected from the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) cruises along the continental shelf off Long Bay from January to April in 2012 (Long Bay Wintertime Bloom project) (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: LB_2012_Glider_DO_L2
    Description: Two Webb Slocum gliders were used to measure salinity, temperature, and depth. Glider 'Pelagia' was deployed in Long Bay, S. Carolina, South Atlantic Bight and glider 'Ramses' was deployed along the upper slope of S. Carolina. in 2012. Data were collected in a time series from January to April, 2012. NOTE: This is a very large dataset (1.53 million records). It takes a while to serve and may not display entirely depending on your browser. You can download all the data from the Data Files section on this metadata page. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/636636
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032285, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032276
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 9
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    Moored time-series records for chlorophyll and turbidity collected from the LB1 Mooring, LB2 Mooring, LB3 Mooring in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) continental shelf off Long Bay from 2011-2012 (Long Bay Wintertime Bloom project) (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: LB_2012_Mooring_Optics
    Description: Time series of chlorophyll and turbidity measured every second on three moorings located at Long Bay, S. Carolina in the South Atlantic Bight, located at mid-shelf at 30 m, shelf break at 74 m and upper slope at 171 m along a central shelf/slope survey line SE of Myrtle Beach, SC between 33.17/-78.33 and 32.76/-77.91. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/638349
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032285, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032276
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 10
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    CTD data from gliders on the R/V Savannah in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) continental shelf off Long Bay (-79W, 32N; -77W, 34 N) collected from January to April 2012 (Long Bay Wintertime Bloom project) (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: LB_2012_Glider_CTD
    Description: Two Webb Slocum gliders were used to measure salinity, temperature, and depth. Glider 'Pelagia' was deployed in Long Bay, S. Carolina, South Atlantic Bight and glider 'Ramses' was deployed along the upper slope of S. Carolina. in 2012. Data were collected in a time series from January to April, 2012. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/544615
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032285, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1032276
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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