Keywords:
Physical geology.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (425 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783319140841
Series Statement:
Advances in Volcanology Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5328445
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- History, Design and Aims of This Book -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 32 Physical Geology of Shallow-Level Magmatic Systems-An Introduction -- 1 What Is a Subvolcanic Body? -- 2 Magma Ascent -- 3 Magma Flow/Emplacement -- 3.1 From Dyke to Sill-The Flip in Flow Direction -- 3.2 Filling up a Subvolcanic Body -- 4 Timing for the Emplacement -- 5 Environmental and Societal Impact -- References -- 1000 Geometric Scaling of Tabular Igneous Intrusions: Implications for Emplacement and Growth -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geometric Scaling Analysis -- 3 General Characteristics and Scaling of Tabular Intrusion -- 3.1 Mafic Dykes -- 3.2 Sills and Sub-horizontal Sheets -- 3.3 Laccoliths -- 3.4 Plutons, Layered Intrusions and Batholiths -- 4 Relationships Between Emplacement Mechanisms, Depth and Scaling Relationships -- 4.1 Intrusions that Do not Interact with Earth's Surface -- 4.2 Intrusions that Do Interact with Earth's Surface -- 5 Modelling the Growth of Sills and Laccoliths -- 5.1 Influence of Emplacement Depth and Bulk Country Rock Mechanical Properties -- 5.2 Selected Case Studies of Sills and Laccoliths -- 5.2.1 Black Mesa Laccolith, Henry Mountains, Utah -- 5.2.2 San Martino Laccoliths, Elba Island -- 5.2.3 Torres Del Paine Pluton, Patagonia -- 5.2.4 Palisades Sill, Eastern USA and Franklin Sills, Nunavut, Canada -- 5.3 Timescales of Laccolith and Sill Growth -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Bifurcation Between Laccolith and Sill Growth Histories -- 6.2 Intrusions Too Deep to Interact with Earth's Surface -- 7 Towards a General Framework for Tabular Intrusion Emplacement and Growth -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Plumbing Systems of Shallow Level Intrusive Complexes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What is the Magma Plumbing System? -- 3 Large Igneous Provinces.
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4 Predominantly Rifted Settings -- 5 Plumbing at Polygenetic Volcanoes-Persistent Magma Pathways -- 6 Exposed Shallow Volcanic Centres and Complexes -- 7 Innovative Ways to Image and Understand Magma Plumbing -- 7.1 Geophysical Imaging of Ancient Magma Plumbing Systems in 3D -- 7.2 Using Volcanic Products to Investigate the Sub-volcanic System -- 8 Closing Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 The Volcanic-Plutonic Connection -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Uncertain Relationships Between Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks -- 1.2 What Is a Pluton? -- 1.3 Historical Views of the Volcanic-Plutonic Connection -- 1.4 Relevant Data -- 2 Methods -- 3 The Sampling Problem -- 4 Compositional Comparison of Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Global Comparison for Convergent Margins -- 4.3 Regional and Local Tests -- 4.4 The Titanite Problem -- 5 Geochronology -- 5.1 Magma Flux -- 5.2 Geochronologic Tests for the Link Between Plutons and Large-Volume Ignimbrites -- 6 Closing Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 31 Structures Related to the Emplacement of Shallow-Level Intrusions -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structural Subdivisions Scheme -- 2.1 Intrusion-Related Structures -- 2.2 Magmatic Flow-Related Structures -- 2.2.1 Surface Structures -- 2.2.2 Internal Visibly-Oriented Features -- 2.2.3 Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility -- 2.3 Solid-State Flow-Related Structures (Syn-magmatic, Non-tectonic) -- 2.4 Thermal and Fragmental Structures -- 2.5 Examining Multiple Approaches -- 3 Example of Elba Laccoliths: A Case for Coherence -- 3.1 Interior Fabrics and Flow -- 3.2 Ornamented Waveforms and Disrupted Contacts -- 3.3 Coherence -- 4 Concluding Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Geochemical Fingerprinting and Magmatic Plumbing Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Fingerprinting.
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2.1 Element Ratios -- 2.2 Statistical Methods -- 3 Application to the Golden Valley Sill Complex (GVSC), Karoo Basin, South Africa -- 4 Implications -- 4.1 Genetic Relationship and Evolutionary History -- 4.2 Emplacement Mechanism of the GVSC Plumbing System -- 5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 6 Geophysics and Remote Sensing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction (F1-3) -- 2 Seismic Reflection Method -- 2.1 Petrophysics -- 2.2 Seismic Imaging -- 2.3 Seismic Interpretation -- 3 Other Geophysical Methods -- 3.1 Integrated Seismic, Gravity, Magnetic Interpretation -- 3.2 Wide-Angle Seismic and Electromagnetic Data -- 3.3 Satellite Images and Topography -- 4 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: A Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model Materials -- 2.1 Model Magma -- 2.1.1 "High" Viscosity Magma -- 2.1.2 "Low" Viscosity Magma -- 2.1.3 Conceptual Magma Chambers -- 2.2 Model Rocks -- 2.2.1 Plasticity-Dominated Materials (Weak Materials) -- 2.2.2 Elasticity-Dominated Materials (Strong Materials) -- 2.2.3 Elasto-Plastic (Intermediate Strength) Materials -- 2.2.4 Other Materials -- 2.2.5 Summary -- 3 A Crucial Starting Point: The Model "Scaling" -- 3.1 Dimensional Analysis -- 3.2 Similarity to Geological Systems -- 4 Geological Applications -- 4.1 Dyke Formation -- 4.1.1 Dyke Nucleation from a Magma Reservoir -- 4.1.2 Dyke Propagation in a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium-The Effects of Buoyancy -- 4.1.3 Effects of Contrasting Magma Viscosities on Composite Dyke Propagation -- 4.1.4 Effects of Mechanical Heterogeneity (Prexisting Dykes or Layering) on Dyke Propagation -- 4.1.5 Effects of Anisotropic Stress Fields (From Regional Tectonics or Local Topography) on Dyke Propagation -- 4.1.6 Interaction of Coevally Propagating Dykes -- 4.1.7 Inelastic Processes Associated with Dyke Propagation.
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4.1.8 Effects of Cooling on Dyke Propagation -- 4.2 Cone Sheet Emplacement -- 4.3 Sill Formation -- 4.3.1 Formation of Sills from Vertically-Propagating Dykes -- 4.3.2 Formation of Saucer-Shaped Sills -- 4.3.3 Effects of Cooling on Sill Emplacement -- 4.4 Laccoliths, Stocks and Cryptodomes -- 4.4.1 General Development of Laccolith Emplacement and Controls from Host Rock Layering -- 4.4.2 Controls of Regional Tectonics or Gravitational Spreading on Laccolith Emplacement -- 4.4.3 Formation of Stocks or Cryptodomes -- 4.4.4 The Roles of Magma Viscosity and Host Rock Strength in the Formation of Laccoliths, Stocks and Cryptodomes -- 4.5 Caldera-Related Structures and Intrusions -- 4.5.1 Generalised Geometry and Kinematics of Ring-Fault Related to Caldera Subsidence -- 4.5.2 Effects of Initial Geometric Parameters on Collapse -- 4.5.3 Effects of Host-Rock Cohesion on Collapse -- 4.5.4 Effects of Topography and Regional Tectonics on Collapse Structures -- 4.5.5 Effects of Caldera Collapse on Magma Chamber Dynamics and Ring-Dyke Intrusion -- 4.5.6 Kinematics of Pre-collapse 'Tumescence' and Post-collapse Caldera 'Resurgence' -- 4.5.7 Limitations of Caldera-Related Experiments -- 4.6 Ground Deformation Induced by Intrusions -- 4.6.1 Surface Deformation Related to Dykes -- 4.6.2 Surface Deformation Related to Saucer-Shaped Sills or Cone Sheets -- 4.6.3 Surface Deformation Related to Cryptodomes -- 4.7 Magma Intrusions in Deforming Crust (Magma-Fault Interactions) -- 4.8 Explosive Volcanic Vents -- 5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 1001 Catastrophic Collapse Features in Volcanic Terrains: Styles and Links to Subvolcanic Magma Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Volcanic Landslides -- 2.1 Volcanic Slides -- 2.2 Volcanic Debris Avalanches -- 2.3 Volcanic Debris Flows.
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2.4 Mount St. Helens, USA: Classic Case Study of Cataclysmic Collapse and Eruption -- 3 Collapse Styles in Volcanic Terrains -- 3.1 Volcano Collapse Type -- 3.2 Laccolith Collapse Type -- 3.3 Volcanic Field Collapse Type -- 4 Volcanic Landslide Features and Deposits -- 4.1 Slide Zone -- 4.2 Debris Avalanche Zone -- 4.3 Debris Flow Zone -- 5 Causes of Volcanic Collapse in Volcanic Terrains -- 5.1 Role of Magma in Volcanic Destabilization -- 5.2 Triggers -- 6 Volcanic Landslide Transport and Mobility Mechanisms -- 7 Hazards -- 8 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Sub-Volcanic Intrusions and the Link to Global Climatic and Environmental Changes -- Abstract -- 1 LIPs and the Environment -- 2 Sills and Pipes in the Karoo Basin -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Geology of the Ladybrand Area -- 4.2 The Olney Breccia -- 4.3 Basalt and Dolerite Geochemistry -- 4.4 Contact Metamorphism of Ecca Shale -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Aureole Thickness and Gas Volume -- 5.2 Relative Age of Sills, Phreatomagmatism, and Lavas -- 5.3 Short- and Long Term Fluid Flow -- 5.4 Perspectives on Sills, Aureoles, Venting and the Environment -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 Sills in Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Summary of the Isle of Skye -- 3 Petroleum Geology of the Isle of Skye/Sea of Hebrides -- 3.1 The Upper Glen-1 Well -- 3.2 The Potential Petroleum System Across the Sea of Hebrides/Malin Basins -- 4 The Trotternish/Minch Sill Complex -- 5 Key Outcrops and Structures -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Emplacement of the Trotternish/Minch Sill Complex Compared with the North Atlantic Margin Sill Complexes -- 6.2 How Does the Structure of the Trotternish/Minch Sill Complex Compare to Offshore Examples in Other Sedimentary Basins? -- 6.3 Effect of Sill Intrusions on Jurassic Sequences and Source Rocks.
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6.4 Thermal Effects of the Skye Central Complex on Reservoir and Source Intervals.
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