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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salsola: Caratterizzazione morfopalinologica e incidenza di sensibilizzazione allergica in Sicilia (1987)
    Springer
    Aerobiologia 3 (1987), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The pollen morphology of the genusSalsola L. (Chenopodiaceae) and the distribution of the plant in Italy was described and frequency of sensitization in a population of allergic patients was studied. Sensitization toSalsola was present in 13,7% of 343 allergic patients. This sensitization was always been observed in association with other pollen except for one case. The importance of this sensitization in the Mediterranean areas was emphasized considering the common frequency ofChenopodiaceae sensitization and the very frequent cross-reactivity within in the same family and betweenChenopodiaceae andAmaranthaceae.
    Notes: Riassunto Nella zona mediterranea i pollini piùfrequentemente responsabili di allergia respiratoria sono:Parietaria, Graminaceae, Compositae, Platanus, Betulaceae. Recentemente è stata osservata una frequente sensibilizzazione anche al polline diCupressaceae, Ambrosia eChenopodiaceae. Alcuni autori riferiscono che nel Nord Africa la concentrazione di polline di Chenopodiaceae è circa 20 volte maggiore rispetto alla zona mediterranea. Scopo del presente lavoro è quello di studiare le caratteristiche morfologiche del polline diSalsola; nonché la distribuzione della pianta in Italia e di valutarne la frequenza di sensibilizzazione in una popolazione di pazienti allergici. Sono stati studiati 436 pazienti di cui 343 positivi al Prick test per i più comuni allergeni della zona (Parietaria, Graminacee, Olea europaea, Compositae, eSalsola kali) e 90 soggetti negativi. Per la caratterizzazione morfopollinica è stata utilizzata le tecnica di Erdtman. E'stato dimostrato come la sensibilizzazione alla.S. kali è presente nel 13,7% dei casi, sempre in associazione con altri tipi di pollini, tranne in un solo caso di sensibilizzazione isolata. Si sottolinea quindi l'importanza che può rivestire nella nostra penisola la sensibilizzazione alla Salsola, resta da verificare l'incidenza di questo polline nei campionamenti atmosferici.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02449991
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    TRAP1 and SDH as Therapeutic Targets of HCC (2016)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-20
    Description: S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) represents the best-documented denitrosylase implicated in regulating the levels of proteins posttranslationally modified by nitric oxide on cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation. GSNOR controls a diverse array of physiologic functions, including cellular growth and differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Chromosomal deletion of GSNOR results in pathologic protein S-nitrosylation that is implicated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we identify a metabolic hallmark of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC and exploit it for therapeutic gain. We find that hepatocyte GSNOR deficiency is characterized by mitochondrial alteration and by marked increases in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and activity. We find that this depends on the selective S-nitrosylation of Cys501 in the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1, which mediates its degradation. As a result, GSNOR-deficient cells and tumors are highly sensitive to SDH inhibition, namely to α-tocopheryl succinate, an SDH-targeting molecule that induced RIP1/PARP1-mediated necroptosis and inhibited tumor growth. Our work provides a specific molecular signature of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC, a novel molecular target in SDH, and a first-in-class therapy to treat the disease. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4170–82. ©2016 AACR.
    Print ISSN: 0008-5472
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-7445
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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  • 3
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    The genetic diversity of Citrus dwarfing viroid populations is mainly dependent on the infected host species [PLANT] (2013)
    Society for General Microbiology (SGM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-20
    Description: As with viruses, viroids infect their hosts as polymorphic populations of variants. Identifying possible sources of genetic variability is significant in the case of the species Citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd) which has been proposed as a dwarfing agent for high-density citrus plantings. Here, a natural CDVd isolate (CMC) was used as an inoculum source for long-term (25 years) and short-term (1 year) bioassays in different citrus host species. Characterization of progenies indicated that the genetic stability of CDVd populations was high in certain hosts (trifoliate orange, Troyer citrange, Etrog citron, Navelina sweet orange), which preserve viroid populations similar to the original CMC isolate even after 25 years. By contrast, CDVd variant populations in Interdonato lemon and Volkamer lemon were completely different to those in the inoculated sources, highlighting how influential the host is on the genetic variability of CDVd populations. Implications for risk assessment of CDVd as a dwarfing agent are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-2099
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Society for General Microbiology (SGM)
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  • 4
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    Prime, Shock, and Kill: Priming CD4 T Cells from HIV Patients with a BCL-2 Antagonist before HIV Reactivation Reduces HIV Reservoir Size [Virus-Cell Interactions] (2016)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: Understanding how some HIV-infected cells resist the cytotoxicity of HIV replication is crucial to enabling HIV cure efforts. HIV killing of CD4 T cells that replicate HIV can involve HIV protease-mediated cleavage of procaspase 8 to generate a fragment (Casp8p41) that directly binds and activates the mitochondrial proapoptotic protein BAK. Here, we demonstrate that Casp8p41 also binds with nanomolar affinity to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which sequesters Casp8p41 and prevents apoptosis. Further, we show that central memory CD4 T cells (T CM ) from HIV-infected individuals have heightened expression of BCL-2 relative to procaspase 8, possibly explaining the persistence of HIV-infected T CM despite generation of Casp8p41. Consistent with this hypothesis, the selective BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax induced minimal killing of uninfected CD4 T cells but markedly increased the death of CD4 T cells and diminished cell-associated HIV DNA when CD4 T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed HIV patients were induced with αCD3/αCD28 to reactivate HIV ex vivo . Thus, priming CD4 T cells from ART suppressed HIV patients with a BCL-2 antagonist, followed by HIV reactivation, achieves reductions in cell-associated HIV DNA, whereas HIV reactivation alone does not. IMPORTANCE HIV infection is incurable due to a long-lived reservoir of HIV + memory CD4 T cells, and no clinically relevant interventions have been identified that reduce the number of these HIV DNA-containing cells. Since postintegration HIV replication can result in HIV protease generation of Casp8p41, which activates BAK, causing infected CD4 T cell death, we sought to determine whether this occurs in memory CD4 T cells. Here, we demonstrate that memory CD4 T cells can generate Casp8p41 and yet are intrinsically resistant to death induced by diverse stimuli, including Casp8p41. Furthermore, BCL-2 expression is relatively increased in these cells and directly binds and inhibits Casp8p41's proapoptotic effects. Antagonizing BCL-2 with venetoclax derepresses this antagonism, resulting in death, preferentially in HIV DNA containing cells, since only these cells generate Casp8p41. Thus, BCL-2 antagonism is a clinically relevant intervention with the potential to reduce HIV reservoir size in patients.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 5
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    SDF-1{alpha} Degrades whereas Glycoprotein 120 Upregulates Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of Death Extralong Isoform: Implications for the Development of T Cell Memory [CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNE REGULATION] (2012)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-03
    Description: After a primary immune response, T cell memory occurs when a subset of Ag-specific T cells resists peripheral selection by acquiring resistance to TCR-induced death. Recent data have implicated Bcl-2 interacting mediator of death (Bim) as an essential mediator of the contraction phase of T cell immunity. In this article, we describe that stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) ligation of CXCR4 on activated T cells promotes two parallel processes that favor survival, phospho-inactivation of Foxo3A, as well as Bim extralong isoform (Bim EL ) degradation, both in an Akt- and Erk-dependent manner. Activated primary CD4 T cells treated with SDF-1α therefore become resistant to the proapoptotic effects of TCR ligation or IL-2 deprivation and accumulate cells of a memory phenotype. Unlike SDF-1α, gp120 ligation of CXCR4 has the opposite effect because it causes p38-dependent Bim EL upregulation. However, when activated CD4 T cells are treated with both gp120 and SDF-1α, the SDF-1α–driven effects of Bim EL degradation and acquired resistance to TCR-induced death predominate. These results provide a novel causal link between SDF-1α–induced chemotaxis, degradation of Bim EL , and the development of CD4 T cell memory.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 6
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    Glutamine Deprivation Induces 3-BrPA Chemopotentiation (2012)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: Anticancer drug efficacy might be leveraged by strategies to target certain biochemical adaptations of tumors. Here we show how depriving cancer cells of glutamine can enhance the anticancer properties of 3-bromopyruvate, a halogenated analog of pyruvic acid. Glutamine deprival potentiated 3-bromopyruvate chemotherapy by increasing the stability of the monocarboxylate transporter-1, an effect that sensitized cells to metabolic oxidative stress and autophagic cell death. We further elucidated mechanisms through which resistance to chemopotentiation by glutamine deprival could be circumvented. Overall, our findings offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for how to employ 3-bromopyruvate or other monocarboxylic-based drugs to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. Cancer Res; 72(17); 4526–36. ©2012 AACR.
    Print ISSN: 0008-5472
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-7445
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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