Publication Date:
2024-02-07
Description:
Currently four Alexandrium species are known to produce goniodomins (GD): A. hiranoi, A.
monilatum, A. pseudogonyaulax and A. taylorii. Whereas A. hiranoi seems to be constrained
to the Northwestern Pacific and A. monilatum to the Americas, records of A. pseudogonyaulax
and A. taylorii suggest a more global distribution. To date only goniodomins A (GDA) and B
(GDB) haven been described. Analysis of GD profiles of the four species revealed that GDA
was the most abundant variant in cell extracts of most strains, but several other GD variants
were present in all strains. However, one A. taylorii strain originally isolated from Japanese
coastal waters produced the putative 34-desmethyl-GDA as the primary compound in the
GD group. The observation that extracellular GD profiles differed completely from those
obtained by cell extraction prompted stability testing of GDA, which showed rapid conversion
of GDA into different variants. Monitoring data and field data of surveys performed in 2016
and 2020 on the Eastern North Sea, Danish Limfjord and the Western Baltic Sea indicate an
expansion of A. pseudogonyaulax in Northern European waters. This is of particular concern
as A. pseudogonyaulax and the other three species are suspected to be ichthyotoxic. This is
in agreement with the fact that extracellular compounds of all four species cause cell lysis of
co-occurring protistan species. However, extracellular GD did not significantly contribute to
protistan cell lysis and thus other bioactive extracellular compounds (BEC) must be involved in
this effect.
Repository Name:
EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
Type:
Conference
,
NonPeerReviewed
Format:
application/pdf
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