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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-04-16
    Description: Local earthquake tomography is a non-linear and non-unique inverse problem that uses event arrival times to solve for the spatial distribution of elastic properties. The typical approach is to apply iterative linearization and derive a preferred solution, but such solutions are biased by a number of subjective choices: the starting model that is iteratively adjusted, the degree of regularization used to obtain a smooth solution, and the assumed noise level in the arrival time data. These subjective choices also affect the estimation of the uncertainties in the inverted parameters. The method presented here is developed in a Bayesian framework where a priori information and measurements are combined to define a posterior probability density of the parameters of interest: elastic properties in a subsurface 3-D model, hypocentre coordinates and noise level in the data. We apply a trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that asymptotically samples the posterior distribution of the investigated parameters. This approach allows us to overcome the issues raised above. First, starting a number of sampling chains from random samples of the prior probability distribution lessens the dependence of the solution from the starting point. Secondly, the number of elastic parameters in the 3-D subsurface model is one of the unknowns in the inversion, and the parsimony of Bayesian inference ensures that the degree of detail in the solution is controlled by the information in the data, given realistic assumptions for the error statistics. Finally, the noise level in the data, which controls the uncertainties of the solution, is also one of the inverted parameters, providing a first-order estimate of the data errors. We apply our method to both synthetic and field arrival time data. The synthetic data inversion successfully recovers velocity anomalies, hypocentre coordinates and the level of noise in the data. The Bayesian inversion of field measurements gives results comparable to those obtained independently by linearized inversion, reconstructing the geometry of the main seismic velocity anomalies. The quantification of the posterior uncertainties, a crucial output of Bayesian inversion, allows for visualizing regions where elastic properties are closely constrained by the data and is used here to directly compare our results to the ones obtained with the linearized inversion. In the case we examined the results of two inversion techniques are not significantly different.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-04-20
    Description: Information about seismic anisotropy is embedded in the variation of the amplitude of the Ps pulses as a function of the azimuth, on both the Radial and the Transverse components of teleseismic receiver functions (RF). We develop a semi-automatic method to constrain the presence and the depth of anisotropic layers beneath a single seismic broad-band station. An algorithm is specifically designed to avoid trial and error methods and subjective crustal parametrizations in RF inversions, providing a suitable tool for large-size data set analysis. The algorithm couples together information extracted from a 1-D V S profile and from a harmonic decomposition analysis of the RF data set. This information is used to determine the number of anisotropic layers and their approximate position at depth, which, in turn, can be used to, for example, narrow the search boundaries for layer thickness and S -wave velocity in a subsequent parameter space search. Here, the output of the algorithm is used to invert an RF data set by means of the Neighbourhood Algorithm (NA). To test our methodology, we apply the algorithm to both synthetic and observed data. We make use of synthetic RF with correlated Gaussian noise to investigate the resolution power for multiple and thin (1–3 km) anisotropic layers in the crust. The algorithm successfully identifies the number and position of anisotropic layers at depth prior the NA inversion step. In the NA inversion, strength of anisotropy and orientation of the symmetry axis are correctly retrieved. Then, the method is applied to field measurement from station BUDO in the Tibetan Plateau. Two consecutive layers of anisotropy are automatically identified with our method in the first 25–30 km of the crust. The data are then inverted with the retrieved parametrization. The direction of the anisotropic axis in the uppermost layer correlates well with the orientation of the major planar structure in the area. The deeper anisotropic layer is associated with an older phase of crustal deformation. Our results are compared with previous anisotropic RF studies at the same station, showing strong similarities.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-11-22
    Description: The Apennines is a well-studied orogeny formed by the accretion of continental slivers during the subduction of the Adriatic plate, but its deep structure is still a topic of controversy. Here we illuminated the deep structure of the Northern Apennines belt by combining results from the analysis of active seismic (CROP03) and receiver function data. The result from combining these two approaches provides a new robust view of the structure of the deep crust/upper mantle, from the back-arc region to the Adriatic subduction zone. Our analysis confirms the shallow Moho depth beneath the back-arc region and defines the top of the downgoing plate, showing that the two plates separate at depth about 40 km closer to the trench than reported in previous reconstructions. This spatial relationship has profound implications for the geometry of the shallow subduction zone and of the mantle wedge, by the amount of crustal material consumed at trench.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: Il 6 aprile 2009 (3.32 locali) un terremoto di Mw 6,3 ha colpito la regione Abruzzo (Italia centrale) producendo un enorme danno alla città de L'Aquila e ai paesi limitrofi causando circa 300 morti e 60.000 senza fissa dimora. A seguito di questo evento sismico, la struttura di Pronto Intervento dell’INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), si è rapidamente attivata installando in area epicentrale due reti sismiche temporanee (Re.Mo.Tel. in real-time e Re.Mo. in stand-alone) ed il Centro Operativo Emergenza Sismica. In questo lavoro presentiamo come si e’ svolta la campagna sismica della Re.Mo., avente l’obiettivo di acquisire dati di alta qualità e dettaglio per studiare le sorgenti sismiche, l’evoluzione spazio temporale della sequenza e caratterizzare attraverso la microsismicita’ le strutture di faglia attivate ed le proprieta’ del mezzo circostante. Saranno descritte nel dettaglio l’installazione compiuta a poche ore dal mainshock, il suo sviluppo legato all’evoluzione della sequenza sismica, fino alla sua dismissione nel Marzo 2010.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Instruments and techniques ; Seismic monitoring ; Emergency ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: We report the preliminary results from a project (GAPSS-Geothermal Area Passive Seismic Sources), aimed at testing the resolving capabilities of passive exploration methods on a well-known geothermal area, namely the Larderello-Travale Geothermal Field (LTGF). Located in the western part of Tuscany (Italy), LTGF is the most ancient geothermal power field of the world. GAPSS consisted of up to 20 seismic stations deployed over an area of about 50 x 50 Km. During the first 12 months of measurements, we located more than 2000 earthquakes, with a peak rate of up to 40 shocks/day. Preliminary results from analysis of these signals include: (i) analysis of Shear-Wave-Splitting from local earthquake data, from which we determined the areal distribution of the most anisotropic regions; (ii) local-earthquake travel-time tomography for both P- and S-wave velocities; (iii) telesismic receiver function aimed at determining the high-resolution (〈0.5km) S-velocity structure over the 0-20km depth range, and seismic anisotropy using the decomposition of the angular harmonics of the RF data-set; (iv) S-wave velocity profiling through inversion of the dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh waves from earthquakes recorded at regional distances. After presenting results from these different analyses, we eventually discuss their potential application to the characterisation and exploration of the investigated area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 227-234
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Geothermal field; Local Earthquake Tomography; Shear Wave Splitting; Surface Wave Dispersion; Receiver Functions; Larderello- Travale geothermal field (Italy) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: The project Retreating-trench, extension, and accretion tectonics, RETREAT, is a multidisciplinary study of the Northern Apennines (earth.geology.yale.edu/RETREAT/), funded by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) in collaboration with the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and the Grant Agency of the Czech Academy of Sciences (GAAV). The main goal of RETREAT is to develop a self-consistent dynamic model of syn-convergent extension, using the Northern Apennines as a natural laboratory. In the context of this project a passive seismological experiment was deployed in the fall of 2003 for a period of three years. RETREAT seismologists aim to develop a comprehensive understanding of the deep structure beneath the Northern Apennines, with particular attention on inferring likely patterns of mantle flow. Specific objectives of the project are the crustal and lithospheric thicknesses, the location and geometry of the Adriatic slab, and the distribution of seismic anisotropy laterally and vertically in the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The project is collecting teleseismic and regional earthquake data for 3 years. This contribution describes the RETREAT seismic deployment and reports on key results from the first year of the deployment. We confirm some prior findings regarding the seismic structure of Central Italy, but our observations also highlight the complexity of the Northern Apennines subduction system.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: temporary seismological network ; subduction geometry ; upper mantle fabric ; seismic anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 4184318 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: La Valtiberina è da alcuni anni una delle principali aree dell'Appennino Centro-Settentrionale sottoposta ad indagini mirate alla definizione della geometria del bacino e alla descrizione in termini di geometria e meccanismo della faglia AltoTiberina, principale responsabile dell'attività sismica dell'area. Al fine di contribuire con dati sismometrici alla ricostruzione della risposta sismica del bacino, nella seconda metà del 2005 è stato realizzato un esperimento temporaneo consistito nell'installazione di un array lineare di 8 stazioni sismiche fra Sansepolcro e Anghiari. L'array era disposto lungo una direzione NE-SW, approssimativamente ortogonale all'asse della valle per una lunghezza di circa 8 km con una spaziatura fra le stazioni di circa 1 km. Le stazioni sismiche, equipaggiate con sismometri Lennartz LE3D-5s e Guralp CMG40T accoppiati a sistemi di acquisizione Reftek 130 e Reftek 72A/07, hanno acquisito in continua per circa 5 mesi (da Maggio 2005 a Novembre 2005), registrando alcune centinaia di eventi sismici locali, regionali e telesismi.
    Description: Published
    Description: Roma, 28-30 novembre
    Description: open
    Keywords: date ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
    Format: 147214 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questo studio è stata sfruttata l’opportunità di poter analizzare dati provenienti da una densa rete sismica locale temporanea costituita da 30 stazioni a tre componenti, installata nell’ambito di un progetto del Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dei Terremoti (GNDT) nel periodo compreso fra l’Ottobre 2000-Maggio 2001, in un’area che si estende per circa 2800 km2 a circa 43° N in Appennino Settentrionale (Piccinini et al., 2003), al fine di ottenere un dettagliato andamento della topografia della Moho, in una zona così complessa, attraverso un’analisi delle Funzioni Ricevitore (Langston, 1979), definendo la struttura di velocità delle onde di taglio (S) al di sotto di ciascuna delle 28 stazioni sismiche. Sono stati analizzati circa 400 eventi telesismici registrati da 28 stazioni con valori di magnitudo M〉5 e distanza epicentrale Δ compresi fra 25°-100°. Per il calcolo delle RFs è stato utilizzato il metodo sviluppato da Di Bona (1998), tale metodo consente di ottenere una stima della varianza, permettendo l’utilizzo di forme d’onda generate da eventi di bassa magnitudo (aventi valori di varianza accettabili), con un conseguente ampliamento del data-set. Modellando ampiezze e tempi di arrivo delle fasi Ps in funzione dell’azimuth di provenienza (BAZ) e della relativa distanza epicentrale (Δ), si possono ricostruire le geometrie delle superfici di discontinuità al di sotto delle stazioni sismiche. La fase di modellazione è stata condotta attraverso l’applicazione dell’algoritmo di inversione “neighbourhood” di Sambridge (1999) mediante un approccio monodimensionale. Questo metodo consente di campionare in maniera estensiva lo spazio dei parametri (profondità delle varie interfacce e valori di velocità negli strati compresi fra le interfacce), concentrando la ricerca in quelle regioni dello spazio multiparametrico dove i modelli di velocità trovati hanno un miglior misfit rispetto al dato (la RF) reale. Tale fase di modellazione ha consentito di ricostruire i modelli di velocità delle onde S (Vs) al di sotto di ciascuna stazione. L’analisi comparata dei modelli di velocità delle onde S (Vs) così ottenuti, per ogni singola stazione, mette in luce la natura fortemente eterogenea della porzione più superficiale della crosta dell’area in studio. Nonostante la complessità delle RFs calcolate che si riflette sulla eterogeneità della porzione più superficiale dei profili di Vs ottenuti, è stata individuata con buona continuità l’andamento di una superficie di discontinuità sismica da noi interpretata come transizione crosta-mantello superiore o Moho.
    Description: Published
    Description: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: struttura dell'Appennino ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.04. Structure and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We constrain mantle wedge seismic structure in the Southern Tyrrhenian Subduction Zone (Italy) using teleseismic receiver functions (RF) recorded at station CUC of the Mednet seismographic network. Station CUC lies above the northern portion of the Calabrian slab segment, which is recognized from deep seismicity and tomographic imaging as a narrow, laterally high-arched slab fragment, extending from the surface below Calabria down to the transition zone. To better define the descending slab interface and possible shear-coupled flow in the mantle wedge above the slab, we computed receiver functions from the P-coda of 147 teleseismic events to analyze the back-azimuth dependence of Ps converted phases from interfaces beneath CUC. We stack the RF data-set with back azimuth to compute its harmonic expansion, which relates to the effects of interface dip and anisotropy at layer boundaries. The seismic structure constrained through the RF analysis is characterized in its upper part by a sub-horizontal Moho at about 25 km depth, overlying a thin isotropic layer at top of mantle. For the deeper part, back-azimuth variation suggests two alternative models, each with an anisotropic layer between two dipping interfaces near 70- and 90-km depth, with fast- and slow-symmetry axes, respectively, above the Apennines slab. Although independent evidence suggests a north-south strike for the slab beneath CUC, the trend of the inferred anisotropy is 45° clockwise from north, inconsistent with a simple downdip shear-coupled flow model in the supra-slab mantle wedge. However complexities of flow and induced rock fabric in the Tyrrhenian back arc may arise due to several concurring factors such as the arcuate shape of the Apennines slab, its retreating kinematics, or slab edge effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 35-48
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Subduction zone processes ; Seismic anisotropy ; Body waves ; Mantle processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Colli Albani is a Quaternary quiescent volcano, located a few kilometers southeast of Rome (Italy). During the past decade, seismic swarms, ground deformation, and gas emissions occurred in the southwestern part of the volcano, where the last phreatomagmatic eruptions (27 ka) developed, building up several coalescent craters. In the frame of a Dipartimento Protezione Civile – Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologica project aimed at the definition and mitigation of volcanic hazard, a temporary array of seismic stations has been deployed on the volcano and surrounding areas. We present results obtained using receiver functions analysis for eight stations, located upon and around the volcanic edifice, and revealing how the built of the volcanic edifice influenced the prevolcanic structures. The stations show some common features: the Moho is almost flat and located at 23 km, in agreement with the thinning of the Thyrrenian crust. Also the presence of a shallow limestone layer is a stable feature under every station, with a variable thickness between 4 and 5 km. However, some features change from station to station, indicating a local complexity of the crustal structure: a shallow discontinuity dividing the Plio-Pleistocene sediments by the Meso-Cenozoic limestones, and a localized anisotropic layer, in the central part of the old structure, which points of the deformation of the limestones. Other two strongly anisotropic layers are detected under the stations in lower crust and upper mantle, with symmetry axis directions related to the evolution of the volcano complex.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09313
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Receiver Function ; Colli Albani ; crustal structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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