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  • 1
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    Design optimization of a submersible chemiluminescent sensor (DISCO) for improved quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in surface waters (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Grabb, K., Pardis, W., Kapit, J., Wankel, S., Hayden, E., & Hansel, C. Design optimization of a submersible chemiluminescent sensor (DISCO) for improved quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in surface waters. Sensors, 22(17), (2022): 6683, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176683.
    Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key drivers of biogeochemical cycling while also exhibiting both positive and negative effects on marine ecosystem health. However, quantification of the ROS superoxide (O2−) within environmental systems is hindered by its short half-life. Recently, the development of the diver-operated submersible chemiluminescent sensor (DISCO), a submersible, handheld instrument, enabled in situ superoxide measurements in real time within shallow coral reef ecosystems. Here, we present a redesigned and improved instrument, DISCO II. Similar to the previous DISCO, DISCO II is a self-contained, submersible sensor, deployable to 30 m depth and capable of measuring reactive intermediate species in real time. DISCO II is smaller, lighter, lower cost, and more robust than its predecessor. Laboratory validation of DISCO II demonstrated an average limit of detection in natural seawater of 133.1 pM and a percent variance of 0.7%, with stable photo multiplier tube (PMT) counts, internal temperature, and flow rates. DISCO II can also be optimized for diverse environmental conditions by adjustment of the PMT supply voltage and integration time. Field tests showed no drift in the data with a percent variance of 3.0%. Wand tip adaptations allow for in situ calibrations and decay rates of superoxide using a chemical source of superoxide (SOTS-1). Overall, DISCO II is a versatile, user-friendly sensor that enables measurements in diverse environments, thereby improving our understanding of the cycling of reactive intermediates, such as ROS, across various marine ecosystems.
    Description: The development and verification of DISCO was funded by Schmidt Marine Technology Partners (G-2010-59878 to C.M.H., S.D.W. and J.K.). This research was further supported, in part, by grants from NSF GRFP (2016230168 to K.C.G.), WHOI Ocean Ventures Fund (2020 and 2021 to K.C.G.), and the MIT Wellington and Irene Loh Fund Fellowship (4000111995 to K.C.G.).
    Keywords: Reactive oxygen species ; Superoxide ; Chemiluminescent ; In situ analysis ; Ocean sensor ; Corals
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Discovering hydrothermalism from afar: in situ methane instrumentation and change-point detection for decision-making (2022)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: Seafloor hydrothermalism plays a critical role in fundamental interactions between geochemical and biological processes in the deep ocean. A significant number of hydrothermal vents are hypothesized to exist, but many of these remain undiscovered due in part to the difficulty of detecting hydrothermalism using standard sensors on rosettes towed in the water column or robotic platforms performing surveys. Here, we use in situ methane sensors to complement standard sensing technology for hydrothermalism discovery and compare sensing equipment on a towed rosette and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) during a 17 km long transect in the Northern Guaymas Basin. This transect spatially intersected with a known hydrothermally active venting site. These data show that methane signaled possible hydrothermal activity 1.5-3 km laterally (100-150m vertically) from a known vent. Methane as a signal for hydrothermalism performed similarly to standard turbidity sensors (plume detection 2.2-3.3 km from reference source), and more sensitively and clearly than temperature, salinity, and oxygen instruments which readily respond to physical mixing in background seawater. We additionally introduce change-point detection algorithms---streaming cross-correlation and regime identification---as a means of real-time hydrothermalism discovery and discuss related data monitoring technologies that could be used in planning, executing, and monitoring explorative surveys for hydrothermalism.
    Description: NSF OCE OTIC: #1842053 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Innovative Technology Award NOAA Ocean Exploration: #NA18OAR0110354 Schmidt Marine Technology Partners: #G-21-62431 NASA: #NNX17AB31G NSF OCE: #0838107 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation: #9208 NDSEG: Graduate Fellowship MIT Martin Family Society of Fellows: Graduate Fellowship Microsoft: Graduate Research Fellowship DOE/National Nuclear Security Administration: #DE-NA000392 MIT EAPS: Houghton Fund
    Keywords: Methane ; In situ instrumentation ; Hydrothermalism ; Deep sea exploration ; Eater mass classification ; Science-informed models ; AUV SENTRY ; Decision-making infrastructure
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 3
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    Development of a deep-sea submersible chemiluminescent analyzer for sensing short-lived reactive chemicals (2022)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Taenzer, L., Grabb, K., Kapit, J., Pardis, W., Wankel, S. D., & Hansel, C. M. Development of a deep-sea submersible chemiluminescent analyzer for sensing short-lived reactive chemicals. Sensors, 22(5), (2022): 1709, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051709.
    Description: Based on knowledge of their production pathways, and limited discrete observations, a variety of short-lived chemical species are inferred to play active roles in chemical cycling in the sea. In some cases, these species may exert a disproportionate impact on marine biogeochemical cycles, affecting the redox state of metal and carbon, and influencing the interaction between organisms and their environment. One such short-lived chemical is superoxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), which undergoes a wide range of environmentally important reactions. Yet, due to its fleeting existence which precludes traditional shipboard analyses, superoxide concentrations have never been characterized in the deep sea. To this end, we have developed a submersible oceanic chemiluminescent analyzer of reactive intermediate species (SOLARIS) to enable continuous measurements of superoxide at depth. Fluidic pumps on SOLARIS combine seawater for analysis with reagents in a spiral mixing cell, initiating a chemiluminescent reaction that is monitored by a photomultiplier tube. The superoxide in seawater is then related to the quantity of light produced. Initial field deployments of SOLARIS have revealed high-resolution trends in superoxide throughout the water column. SOLARIS presents the opportunity to constrain the distributions of superoxide, and any number of chemiluminescent species in previously unexplored environments.
    Description: This research was funded by the NSF Oceanographic Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination (OTIC) program grant number 1736332 and NSF Chemical Oceanography program grant number 1924236. Partial support was provided by the Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship (L.T.).
    Keywords: Superoxide ; Chemiluminescence ; Deep-sea
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    Quantum cascade laser-based reflectance spectroscopy: a robust approach for the classification of plastic type (2020)
    Optical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Michel, A. P. M., Morrison, A. E., Colson, B. C., Pardis, W. A., Moya, X. A., Harb, C. C., & White, H. K. Quantum cascade laser-based reflectance spectroscopy: a robust approach for the classification of plastic type. Optics Express, 28(12), (2020): 17741-17756, doi:10.1364/OE.393231.
    Description: The identification of plastic type is important for environmental applications ranging from recycling to understanding the fate of plastics in marine, atmospheric, and terrestrial environments. Infrared reflectance spectroscopy is a powerful approach for plastics identification, requiring only optical access to a sample. The use of visible and near-infrared wavelengths for plastics identification are limiting as dark colored plastics absorb at these wavelengths, producing no reflectance spectra. The use of mid-infrared wavelengths instead enables dark plastics to be identified. Here we demonstrate the capability to utilize a pulsed, widely-tunable (5.59 - 7.41 µm) mid-infrared quantum cascade laser, as the source for reflectance spectroscopy, for the rapid and robust identification of plastics. Through the application of linear discriminant analysis to the resulting spectral data set, we demonstrate that we can correctly classify five plastic types: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), with a 97% accuracy rate.
    Description: Richard Saltonstall Charitable Foundation; National Academies Keck Futures Initiative (NAKFI DBS13).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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