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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer
    Schlagwort(e): Plant ecology ; Plant physiology ; Plant anatomy ; Plant development ; Ecosystems
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Assumptions and approaches -- 2. Photosynthesis, respiration, and long-distance transport -- 2a. Photosynthesis -- 2b. Respiration -- 2c. Long‑distance transport of assimilates -- 3. Plant water relations -- 4. Plant energy budgets: environmental effects -- 4a. The plant’s energy balance -- 4b. Effects of radiation and temperature level -- 5. Scaling-up gas exchange and energy balance from the leaf to the canopy level -- 6. Mineral nutrition -- 7. Growth and allocation -- 8. Life cycles: environmental influences and adaptations -- 9. Biotic influences -- 9a. Symbiotic associations -- 9b. Ecological biochemistry: allelopathy and defense against herbivores -- 9c. Effects of microbial pathogens -- 9d. Parasitic associations -- 9e. Interactions among plants -- 9f. Carnivory -- 10. Role in ecosystem and global processes -- 10a. Decomposition -- 10b. Ecosystem and global processes: ecophysiological controls.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 736 p. 354 illus., 237 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: Third edition
    ISBN: 9783030296391
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-29
    Beschreibung: In order to assess the response of vegetation from eastern tropical South America to hydroclimate changes during the last ca. 45 kyr, we analyzed marine sediment core M125-95-3 that archived sediments from the São Francisco River drainage basin. We used the stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δD) isotopes of long-chain n-alkanes (i.e., C29-C31) to reconstruct regional vegetation composition and precipitation dynamics, respectively. The data set contains marine sedimentary records of long-chain n-alkane δ13C and δD, as well as the isotopic difference between homologues (Δδ13C31-29), and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) of indicated data. The δ13Cwax refers to the weighted averages of δ13C29 and δ13C31 values. The δDwax refers to the weighted averages of δD29 and δD31 values.
    Schlagwort(e): AGE; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS); lipid biomarkers; M125; M125_469-3; M125-95-3; Meteor (1986); n-Alkane, Δδ13C (C31-C29); n-Alkane C29, δ13C; n-Alkane C29, δ13C, standard deviation; n-Alkane C29, δD; n-Alkane C29, δD, standard deviation; n-Alkane C31, δ13C; n-Alkane C31, δ13C, standard deviation; n-Alkane C31, δD; n-Alkane C31, δD, standard deviation; n-alkanes; off eastern South America; PC; Piston corer; SAMBA; São Francisco river; South Atlantic Ocean; Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of plant-waxes; stable carbon isotopes δ13C; stable hydrogen isotopes δ2H; δ13C, wax; δ13C, wax, standard deviation; δ Deuterium, wax; δ Deuterium, wax, standard deviation
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 745 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-28
    Beschreibung: The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern. For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, the region is increasingly exposed to unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central and remote parts of the system. Long existing feedbacks between the forest and environmental conditions are being replaced by novel feedbacks that modify ecosystem resilience, increasing the risk of critical transition. Here we analyse existing evidence for five major drivers of water stress on Amazonian forests, as well as potential critical thresholds of those drivers that, if crossed, could trigger local, regional or even biome-wide forest collapse. By combining spatial information on various disturbances, we estimate that by 2050, 10% to 47% of Amazonian forests will be exposed to compounding disturbances that may trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions and potentially exacerbate regional climate change. Using examples of disturbed forests across the Amazon, we identify the three most plausible ecosystem trajectories, involving diferent feedbacks and environmental conditions. We discuss how the inherent complexity of the Amazon adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities for action. Keeping the Amazon forest resilient in the Anthropocene will depend on a combination of local eforts to end deforestation and degradation and to expand restoration, with global eforts to stop greenhouse gas emissions.
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Despite its great ecological importance, the main factors governing tree cover in tropical savannas as well as savanna-forest boundaries are still largely unknown. Here we address this issue by investigating marine sediment records of long-chain n-alkane stable carbon (δ13Cwax) and hydrogen (δDwax) isotopes from a core collected off eastern tropical South America spanning the last ca. 45 thousand years. While δ13Cwax is a proxy for the main photosynthetic pathway of terrestrial vegetation, tracking the relative proportion of C3 (mainly trees) versus C4 (mainly grasses) plants, δDwax is a proxy for continental precipitation, tracking the intensity of rainfall. The investigated core was collected off the mouth of the São Francisco River drainage basin, a tropical savanna-dominated region with dry austral autumn, winter and spring. On top of millennial-scale changes, driven by anomalies in the amount of precipitation associated with Heinrich Stadials, we identify a marked obliquity control over the expansion and contraction of tree and grass cover. During periods of maximum (minimum) obliquity, trees (grasses) reached maximum coverage. We suggest that maximum (minimum) obliquity decreased (increased) the length of the dry season allowing (hampering) the expansion of tree-dominated vegetation. Periods of maximum obliquity induced an anomalous heating (cooling) of the summer (winter) hemisphere that in combination with a delayed response of the climate system slightly increased autumn precipitation over the São Francisco River drainage basin, through a shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone towards or further into the anomalously heated hemisphere. We found that atmospheric CO2 concentration has only a secondary effect on tree cover. Our results underline the importance of the dry season length as a governing factor in the long-term control of tree cover in tropical landscapes.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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