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  • 1
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    The CIRCE simulations: Regional Climate Change Projections with Realistic Representation of the Mediterranean Sea (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: In this article we describe an innovative multi-model system developed within the CIRCEEU-FP6 Project and used to produce simulations of the Mediterranean Sea regional climate.The models include high-resolution Mediterranean Sea components, which allow to assess therole of the basin, and in particular of the air-sea feedbacks in the climate of the region. The models have been integrated from 1951 to 2050, using observed radiative forcings duringthe first half of the simulation period and the IPCC SRES A1B scenario during the secondhalf.The projections show a substantial warming (about 1.5°-2°C) and a significant decrease ofprecipitation (about 5%) in the region for the scenario period. However, locally the changesmight be even larger. In the same period, the projected surface net heat loss decreases, leadingto a weaker cooling of the Mediterranean Sea by the atmosphere, whereas the water budgetappears to increase, leading the basin to loose more water through its surface than in the past.These results are overall consistent with the findings of previous scenario simulations, such asPRUDENCE, ENSEMBLES and CMIP3. The agreement suggests that these findings arerobust to substantial changes in the configuration of the models used to make the simulations.Finally, the models produce a 2021-2050 mean steric sea-level rise that ranges between +7 cm and +12 cm, with respect to the period of reference.
    Description: Published
    Description: 65-81
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mediterranean Sea ; climate projections ; multi-model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Lateral Open Boundary Conditions for Nested Limited Area Model: Process selective approach (2007)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper reviews current approaches to the lateral open boundary condition problem for nested regional primitive equation ocean numerical models and proposes a new approach that considers a scale decomposition of the nesting field variables for the barotropic lateral velocity boundary conditions. The Flather [Flather, R.A., 1976. A tidal model of the north-west European continental shelf. Memories de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege 6 (10):141–164] open lateral boundary condition is derived from mass conservation considerations and we use this approach to derive a generalized lateral open boundary condition for barotropic velocities. In addition we do a scale selective decomposition of the generalized Flather obtaining new and general lateral scale dependent boundary conditions. The performance of the new lateral boundary conditions have been evaluated in two kinds of experiments: (1) idealized and (2) realistic frameworks. In the idealized framework, as well as the realistic case, the results confirms that the scale selective open boundary conditions improves the solution almost everywhere but in particular in the shallow depth parts of the model domain. In the realistic case the assessment is more difficult and it is connected also to the capability of the nesting and nested model to reproduce the dynamics contained in the observations.
    Description: This work was partially supported by the MERSEA project (EU project FP6 SIP3-CT- 2003-502885) and the ADRICOSM Pilot Project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 134–156
    Description: 3.11. Oceanografia Dinamica
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Lateral boundary conditions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    The Mediterranean ocean Forecasting System (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) is operationally working since year 2000 and it is continuously improved in the frame of international projects. The system is part of the Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network-MOON and MFS is coordinated and operated by the Italian Group of Operational Oceanography (GNOO). The latest upgrades and integration to MFS has been undertaken in the EU-MERSEA and BOSS4GMES Projects. Since October 2005 ten days forecasts are produced daily as well as 15 days of analyses once a week. The daily forecast and weekly analysis data are available in real time to the users through a dedicated ftp service and every day a web bulletin is published on the web site (http://gnoo.bo.ingv.it/mfs). A continuous evaluation in near real time of the forecasts and analyses produced by MFS has been developed in order to continuously verify the system and to provide useful information to the users. The R&D is focused on different aspects of the system. A new basin scale ocean model nested with operational MERCATOR global model has been developed and run in real time operationally for a test period together with a new assimilation scheme based on the 3DVAR. This system is now under evaluation. Important activities have been carried out to: implement and test a Bayesian methodologies of Ensemble and Super-Ensemble for the Mediterranean sea; produce 20 years of re-analysis; re-formulate the air-sea fluxes bulk formulae; develop dedicated products to support particular request of end users such as: indicators, real time oil spill forecasting, search & rescue.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: Exeter, UK
    Description: 3.11. Oceanografia Operativa
    Description: open
    Keywords: mediterranean sea, forecast, analyses, re-analyses, forecast production, air-sea pjysics, assimilaztion, ocean model ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 4
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    A numericla study of the mescale variability in the Adriatic Sea (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Adriatic Sea mesoscale and its inter-annual variability is investigated by means of a high-resolution numerical ocean model with approximately 2 km resolution. The ocean model used is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM, Blumberg and Mellor 1987) which has been modified in the advection scheme and the vertical velocity surface boundary condition. The simulation spans 6 years starting from January 1999 till December 2004. The surface forcing is interactively computed using European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) operational atmospheric fields and climatological precipitation, while river runoff is obtained combining daily Po river (the main Adriatic river) data together with climatological estimates for all the other rivers. The model results have been validated by an extended comparison with in situ and remote sensing observations. The simulated variability exhibits evident similarities with the actual mesoscale variability, in terms of location, nature and temporal evolution of the features. The major results concern the spatial and temporal variability of Eddy and Mean Kinetic Energy (EKE and MKE) and the baroclinic energy conversion term contained in the buoyancy work time rate. We show for the first time evidence of baroclinic instability at the level of major sub-basin scale structures such as the Western Adriatic Coastal Current. Furthermore, the seasonal and inter-annual variability of mean and eddy kinetic energy is correlated with surface forcing (wind stress work) and Po runoff.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 3.11. Oceanografia Operativa
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mesoscale ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 5
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    The Adriatic Basin Forecasting System: new model and system development (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Adriatic Basin Forecasting System implemented within the framework of the ADRICOSM Partnership (ADRIatic sea integrated COstal areaS and river basin Management system), nested to the operational general circulation model of the Mediterranean Sea, has recently been upgraded both in terms of system design and model parameterizations. The operational forecast is now daily, producing 9 days forecast, and a new near real time quality control has been introduced. From the modeling point of view the system has been upgraded in resolution (vertically from 21 to 31 sigma levels, and horizontally from approximately 1/22° to approximately 1/45°). Realistic fresh water fluxes have been introduced through the surface boundary condition taking into account evaporation, precipitation and river runoff, and the Smolarckiwicz advection scheme has been changed to the MUSCL scheme. The details of these developments will be presented, together with the model validation in delayed and real time mode
    Description: Submitted
    Description: Sandy Park, Exeter, UK
    Description: 3.11. Oceanografia Operativa
    Description: open
    Keywords: operational oceanography, numerical models, forecasting system ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    A nested Atlantic-Mediterranean Sea general circulation model for operational forecasting (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new numerical general circulation ocean model for the Mediterranean Sea has been implemented nested within an Atlantic general circulation model within the framework of the Marine Environment and Security for the European Area project (MERSEA, Desaubies, 2006). A 4- year twin experiment was carried out from January 2004 to December 2007 with two different models to evaluate the impact on the Mediterranean Sea circulation of open lateral boundary conditions in the Atlantic Ocean. One model considers a closed lateral boundary in a large Atlantic box and the other is nested in the same box in a global ocean circulation model. Impact was observed comparing the two simulations with independent observations: ARGO for temperature and salinity profiles and tide gauges and along-track satellite observations for the sea surface height. The improvement in the nested Atlantic-Mediterranean model with respect to the closed one is particularly evident in the salinity characteristics of the Modified Atlantic Water and in the Mediterranean sea level seasonal variability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 461-473
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: ocean model ; operational forecasting ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    A study of the hydrographic conditions in the Adriatic Sea from numerical modelling and direct observations (2000–2008) (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The inter-annual variability of Adriatic Sea hydrographic characteristics is investigated by means of numerical simulation and direct observation. The period under investigation runs from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2008. The model used to carry out the simulation is derived from the primitive equation component of the Adriatic Forecasting System (AFS). The model is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) adapted in order to reproduce the features of the Adriatic. Both numerical findings and observations agree in depicting a strong inter-annual variability in the entire Adriatic Sea and its sub-basins. Nevertheless, two model deficiencies are identified: an excessive vertical/horizontal mixing and an inaccurate representation of the thermohaline properties of the entering Mediterranean Waters. The dense water formation process has been found to be intermittent. In addition to inter-annual variability, a long-scale signal has been observed in the salinity content of the basin as a consequence of a prolonged period of reduced Po river runoff and high evaporation rates. As a result, the temperature and salinity of the northern Adriatic dense water vary considerably between the beginning and the end of the period investigated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 549–567
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Adriatic Sea ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Assimilation of SLA along track observations in the Mediterranean with an oceanographic model forced by atmospheric pressure (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A large number of SLA observations at a high along track horizontal resolution are an important ingredient of the data assimilation in the Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS). Recently, new higher-frequency SLA products have become available, and the atmospheric pressure forcing has been implemented in the numerical model used in the MFS data assimilation system. In a set of numerical experiments, we show that, in order to obtain the most accurate analyses, the ocean model should include the atmospheric pressure forcing and the observations should contain the atmospheric pressure signal. When the model is not forced by the atmospheric pressure, the high-frequency filtering of SLA observations, however, improves the quality of the SLA analyses. It is further shown by comparing the power density spectra of the model fields and observations that the model is able to extract the correct information from noisy observations even without their filtering during the pre-processing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 787-795
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ocean Forecast Assimilation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Coastal sea responses to atmospheric forcings at two different resolutions (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We investigated coastal sea responses to three, multi-day strong wind episodes that occurred in the middle Adriatic during the Target Operational Period (TOP) of the European COastal sea OPerational observing and forecasting system (ECOOP) project. A high-resolution oceanographic model (1 km horizontal, 16 vertical layers) based on the modified Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was applied to a highly complex domain located in the coastal area of the eastern Adriatic Sea. The oceanographic model was nested into the Adriatic REGional model (AREG-2) covering the entire Adriatic Sea. Meteorological forcing was prepared by two atmospheric models. The coarser model was the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast model (ECMWF, with horizontal and temporal resolutions of 0.25 and 6 h, respectively), and the finer one was the Aire Limit´ee Adaptation dynamique D´eveloppement InterNational model (ALADIN, with horizontal and temporal resolutions of 8 km and 3 h, respectively, and winds dynamically adapted to a horizontal resolution of 2 km). The results show that smallscale atmospheric features, which arise due to the orographically complex mainland and the number of islands and were not reproduced by the coarser atmospheric model, substantially affected surface currents, mass transports, sea surface temperature (SST) and surface salinity in the coastal area during strong Bora. For strong Sirocco, the atmospheric model’s resolution was important for currents on the lee sides of islands.
    Description: Published
    Description: 521–532
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Coastal sea ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Ocean Heat Transport in a High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper the interplay between tropical cyclones (TCs) and the Northern Hemispheric ocean heat transport (OHT) is investigated. In particular, results from a numerical simulation of the twentieth-century and twenty-first-century climates, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth- century run (20C3M) and A1B scenario protocols, respectively, have been analyzed. The numerical simulations have been performed using a state-of-the-art global atmosphere–ocean–sea ice coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with relatively high-resolution (T159) in the atmosphere. The CGCM skill in reproducing a realistic TC climatology has been assessed by comparing the model results from the simulation of the twentieth century with available observations. The model simulates tropical cyclone–like vortices with many features similar to the observed TCs. Specifically, the simulated TCs exhibit realistic structure, geographical distribution, and interannual variability, indicating that the model is able to capture the basic mechanisms linking the TC activity with the large-scale circulation. The cooling of the surface ocean observed in correspondence of the TCs is well simulated by the model. TC activity is shown to significantly increase the poleward OHT out of the tropics and decrease the poleward OHT from the deep tropics on short time scales. This effect, investigated by looking at the 100 most intense Northern Hemisphere TCs, is strongly correlated with the TC-induced momentum flux at the ocean surface, where the winds associated with the TCs significantly weaken (strengthen) the trade winds in the 58–188N (188–308N) latitude belt. However, the induced perturbation does not impact the yearly averaged OHT. The frequency and intensity of the TCs appear to be substantially stationary through the entire 1950–2069 simulated period, as does the effect of the TCs on the OHT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4368–4384
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tropical cyclones ; ocean heat transport ; general circulation model ; scenario ; climate change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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