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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Early Devonian Swifts Creek Pluton, with an areal extent of ≈ 35 km2 intruded Ordovician meta-flysch sequences along the southwestern margin of the Omeo Metamorphic Belt, southeastern Australia. Characterized throughout by I-type mineralogy the rocks of the pluton vary from tonalite through granodiorite to granite. The granitic rocks are exposed at topographic highs and along the contacts with the country rocks while the tonalites and granodiorites are found towards the center of the pluton at topographic lows. This pattern is interpreted to reflect a compositionally zoned magma chamber. Microgranitoid enclaves of quartz-diorite to tonalite composition comprise 20–25% of the total plutonic rock volume, but account for more than 60% towards the core of the pluton where they are often extremely flattened and stretched, giving the rock a gneissic appearance. The observed flattening can not be accomodated by solid state deformation alone and is thought to reflect plastic deformation in the presence of liquid. Enclaves with chilled margins are common and display textural and modal variations from margin to center which indicate differentiation of isolated magma globules to produce cumulate enriched chilled margins and leucocratic core regions. Quartz and plagioclase megacrysts found in many enclaves are texturally and compositonally very similar to plagioclase and quartz of the host granitoids. Together with occasional, gradational or interfingering contacts between the two rock types they are evidence for a partial mingling process between an essentially liquid enclave melt and a 40–60% crystalline host rock magma to generate the megacrystic enclave type. The large viscosity contrast between the two magmas rules out simple two end-member bulk mixing. Applying recently developed fluid dynamical and thermomechanical concepts (Campbell &Turner, 1986;Furman &Spera, 1985) it appears that interfacial processes such as heat transfer and shearing of host-enclave interfaces controlled the hybridisation which was triggered by turbulent magma injection along a central conduit, now represented by the gneissic zone, into the magma chamber. Hybridisation occurred 103 to 104 years after pluton emplacement and was accompanied by convective velocities of the comingling magmas in the order of 101 to 10−1 per year. We therfore conclude that in many cases microgranitoid enclaves are not of resitite origin as has been frequently proposed but represent mafic to intermediate magmas that cool rapidly when brought into contact with the host magma. Whether mixing occurrs or not is dependent on the particular boundary conditions, such as temperature and viscosity contrast, injection velocity and feeder geometry.
    Abstract: Résumé Le pluton dévonien de Swifts Creek, qui occupe une aire d'environ 35 km2, a fait intrusion dans des séquences de métaflysch ordoviciens de la marge sud-ouest de la ceinture métamorphique Omeo, située dans le sud-est de l'Australie. Une minéralogie de type I caractérise les roches du pluton dont la composition varie entre les pôles tonalitique, granodioritique et granitique. Les roches granitiques affleurent sur les hauteurs topographiques et le long des contacts avec les roches encaissantes, tandis que les tonalites et les granodiorites sont situées dans la partie centrale du massif, dans des régions en dépression cette disposition pourrait refléter un réservoir magmatique de composition zonée. Des enclaves microgranitoïdes de composition quartz-dioritique et tonalitique forment 20–25% du volume total de la roche plutonique, mais interviennent pour plus de 60% vers le centre du pluton, où elles sont souvent extrêmement aplaties et étirées, donnant à la roche une apparence gneissique. L' aplatissement ne peut être simplement expliqué par une déformation à l'état solide mais purrait refléter une déformation plastique en présence dün liquide. Des enclaves à bordure figée sont communes, qui montrent des variations de texture et de mode depuis leur marge jusqu' à leur centre. Ces variations indiquent que les globules magmatiques isolés se sont différenciés pour produire une bordure figée enrichie en cumulats et un noyau leucocrate. Les mégacristaux de quartz et de plagioclase observés dans de nombreuses enclaves ont une texture et une composition semblables à celles des cristaux de quartz et de plagioclase du granite hôte. Ces mégacristaux, de même que l'existence occasionnelle de contacts graduels ou interdigités entre les deux types de roches, témoignent d'un processus de mélange partiel entre des enclaves essentiellement liquides et un magma hôte renfermant 40 à 60% de cristaux. L'important contraste de viscosité entre les deux magmas élimine le simple mélange de deux termes de composition extrême. En appliquant les conceptions récentes de dynamique des fluides et de thermomécanique, il devient apparent que les processus interfaciaux, comme le transfert de chaleur et le cisaillement des interfaces enclave-hôte, out déterminé l'hybridation, declenchée par des injections turbulentes de magmas le long d'un conduit central, maintenant représenté par la zone gneissique, dans la chambre magmatique. L'hybridation s'est produite de 1.000 à 10.000 ans après l'emplacement du pluton et a été accompagnée par une vitesse convective de l'ordre de 1 à 10 m/an des magmas mélangés. Nous concluons que dans de nombreux cas, les enclaves microgranitoïdes ne sont pas d'origine restique comme il est souvent suggéré, mais quíls représentent plutôt des magmas de composition mafique à intermédiaire qui se refroidissent rapidement lorsqu'ils sont mis en contact avec le magma hôte. Que le mélange magmatique s' opère ou non dépend des conditions limites particulières, telles que le contraste des températures et des viscosités, la vitesse d'injection et la géométrie des conduits magmatiques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Unterdevonische Swifts Creek Pluton mit einer flächenhaften Ausdehnung von ≈ 35 km2 intrudierte ordovizische Metaflyschabfolgen entlang des südöstlichen Randes des Omeo Metamorphic Belt, Süd-Ost Australien. Die Gesteine des Plutons haben eine Zusammensetzung, welche von Tonalit bis zu Granit reicht und sind durch eine I-Typ Mineralogie gekennzeichnet. Die granitischen Gesteine sind sowohl auf den topographischen Höhen als auch entlang einiger Kontakte mit dem Flysch ausgebildet. Tonalite und Granodiorite finden sich zum Zentrum des Plutons hin in topographischen Tiefen. Wir interpretieren dieses Verteilungsmuster der Gesteine als eine ehemalige in der Zusammensetzung zonierte Magmenkammer. Mikrogranitoide Enklaven quarz-dioritischer bis tonalitischer Zusammensetzung bestimmen 20–25% des Gesamtgesteinsvolumens, können jedoch zum Pluton Zentrum hin auf über 60% ansteigen. In diesem Bereich sind die Enklaven extrem ausgedünnt und geben dem Gestein daher ein gneisartiges Erscheinungsbild. Diese Ausdünnung kann nicht alleine auf eine tektonische Deformation zurückgeführt werden, sondern wird als eine plastische Deformation des Magmenkörpers in Gegenwart hinreichender Schmelze gedeutet. Enklaven mit feinkörnigen, schnell kristallisierten Randbereichen weisen Variationen sowohl in Textur als auch Mineralbestand von deren Rändern zum Inneren auf, welche auf eine Differentiation isolierter, kugelförmiger Magmenkörper hindeutet. Hierdurch kam es zur Kumulatanreicherung im Randbereich und zur Ausbildung leukokrater Kerngebiete. Viele Enklaven weisen Quarz und Plagioklas-Megakristalle auf, die sowohl in Textur als auch Zusammensetzung dem Quarz und Plagioklas des granitoiden Wirtsgesteines gleich sind. Im Zusammenhang mit seltener auftretenden, gradierten Übergängen zwischen den beiden Gesteinseinheiten werden diese als Beleg für einen teilweisen Vermengungsprozess zwischen einer im wesentlichen flüssigen Enklaven-Schmelze und einem zu 40–60% kristallisierten Wirtsgesteinsmagma gedeutet. Auf Grund der Viskositätsunterschiede der beiden Magmen halten wir eine vollständige Vermischung der beiden Endglieder für unwahrscheinlich. Die Anwendung erst kürzlich entwickelter flüssigkeitsdynamischer und thermo-mechanischer Konzepte legt die Schlußfolgerung nahe, daß Grenzflächenprozesse zwischen den beiden Magmen wie zum Beispiel der Austausch von Wärme als auch Scherung entlang der gemeinsamen Kontakte die Hybridisierungsprozesse bestimmten. Die Hybridisierung wurde durch turbulente Injektion der Enklavenschmelze entlang eines zentralen Förderganges, welcher nun in Form der gneissartigen Zone vorliegt, ausgelöst und erfolgte 103 bis 104 Jahre nach Platznahme des Plutons und war durch Magmenkonvektionen in der Größenordnung von 101 bis 10−1 Metern pro Jahr begleitet. Wir kommen zu dem Ergebnis, daß in den meisten Fällen mikrogranitoide Enklaven nicht restitischen Ursprungs sind, wie vielfach gefordert, sondern daß es sich um mafische bis intermediäre Magmen handelt, welche schneller Kristallisation unterliegen, sobald diese in Kontakt mit dem granitoiden Magma kommen. Ob es zur Vermischung der beiden Magmen kommt oder nicht, ist abhängig von den jeweiligen Grenzbedingungen, wie zum Beispiel Temperatur- und Viskositätsunterschiede der beiden Magmen sowie Injektionsgeschwindigkeit und Geometrie des Fördersystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The displacement of non-specific dyes from molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) chromatographic stationary phases has been used for the detection and quantification of ligand-polymer binding events. A blank polymer and an L-phenylalaninamide-imprinted polymer were prepared using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker. The MIP is first loaded with dye, and a solution of the dye in the eluent is passed through the MIP. If analyte is injected into the dye solution in the eluent, part of the dye is competitively replaced by the analyte from the MIP. Specifically, the competitive displacement of rhodamine B by amino acids and phenylalaninamide (Phe-NH2), respectively, has been studied under polar and hydrophobic elution conditions. Enantioselective binding of Phe and Phe-NH2 to the imprinted polymer was shown to occur in the micromolar concentration range. It is proposed that the displacement of non-specific dyes from MIPs be used for the development of multisensors based upon these highly specific and stable materials, which provide promising alternatives to the use of biological macromolecules in sensor technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 104 (1990), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Hornblende-bearing microgranitoid enclaves from the Swifts Creek Pluton (SCP), SE-Australia display mineralogical and textural variations from their margins to their centers. Margins are fine grained and display quench textures and are enriched in amphibole, biotite and in some cases magnetite relative to their coarser grained centers. Enclaves of this type and their adjacent granitoid host rocks have been sectioned into 0.3 to 1 cm thick slabs in order to determine the chemical variations associated with these mineralogical changes. The fine grained margins are variably enriched in Ti, Al, Mg, Fe, Mg, K, Rb, Ba, Nb, Y, Sc, V, Ni and the REE up to a factor of three relative to the enclave centers. This enrichment is compensated by a depletion of Si and Zr. Elements like Ca, Na and Sr show less coherent variation from margin to center. Host rocks in immediate contact with these enclaves are depleted in Mg, Na, K, Rb and Ba relative to host rocks that are not exposed to enclaves. No one single process can account for all the variations. Instead, we propose that the chemical variations are related to a combination of in situ crystal fractionation of isolated magma globules, mass transfer by diffusion and metasomatic exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Microsampling of cm-scale feldspar crystals within an S-type granite from the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia has revealed complex internal Sr and Nd isotopic variations. The observed isotopic zonations are in part interpreted as recording feldspar crystallisation in a dynamically mixing magma system, the isotopic composition of which was varying in response to the influx of more mafic and isotopically more mantle-like magmas, the latter stages of which are now represented in modified form by microgranular enclaves. Similar core to rim isotopic variations in feldspar megacrysts from a microgranular enclave and the adjacent host granite strongly suggest megacrysts in the enclave were transferred from the granitic magma during crystallisation. Feldspar rims have higher 87Sr/86Sri and lower ɛNd(i) than adjacent whole rock analyses, but match those of mineral separates from the surrounding enclave matrix. This suggests that the final stages of megacryst growth occurred in the presence of a component that had previously interacted with a high 87Sr/86Sr, low ɛNd(i) component such as metasedimentary wall rocks. Isotopic heterogeneities are also presererved within different mineral phases in the enclave matrix, suggesting that differing phases grew at differing stages of equilibration between the enclave magma and its host granitic magma. Our results reveal major isotopic heterogeneities on a single crystal and also inter-mineral scale in a pluton which shows well constrained evidence for magma mingling. These results indicate the suitability of feldspars as recorders of isotopic change in magmatic systems, even those which have cooled slowly in the plutonic environment and suggest that much heterogeneity in plutonic systems may be overlooked on a whole rock scale.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 11 (1998), S. 79-82 
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: molecular recognition ; molecular imprinting ; thermodynamics ; rational design ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formation of binding sites in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and of MIP-ligand binding events are presented in the context of a thermodynamic treatment of MIP recognition phenomena. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 11 (1998), S. 91-93 
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: molecular recognition ; phage ; organic solvents ; viability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The stability of the filamentous phages derived from phagemid pG8H6 has been examined in a range of solvents and solvent mixtures. The results show an enhanced capacity to infect E. coli after exposure to various organic solvent-water mixtures. The dependence of stability upon solvent hydrophobicity was demonstrated. Furthermore, conditions have been identified which should allow the application of phage display libraries based upon pG8H6 in organic media. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 11 (1998), S. 98-102 
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: drug delivery ; HPLC ; molecular imprinting ; molecular recognition ; sustained release ; template polymerization ; theophylline ; UV spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The template release kinetics of theophylline molecularly imprinted polymers has been examined with a view to determining their potential as a controlled release drug dosage form. The basis for the ligand selectivity of these polymers has been shown through the demonstration of pre-polymerization template- monomer complexation and HPLC studies of the product polymer ligand selectivities. The release kinetics shows a dependence upon template loading and pH. Small differences in release characteristics between imprinted and non-imprinted (reference) polymers have been observed. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 11 (1998), S. 94-97 
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: amino acid ; cyclodextrin ; enthalphy-entropy compensation ; HPLC ; hydrophobic effect ; molecular imprinting ; molecular recognition ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) system selective for D-phenylalanine is described where polymerization is performed in aqueous solution. The unique polymer system comprises a hydrophobic moiety-selective functional monomer, polymerizable β-cyclodextrin, an electrostatic interacting functional monomer, 2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPSA), and the crosslinking agent N,N′-diacryloylpiperazine. Chromatographic evaluation of polymer-ligand recognition characteristics demonstrated ligand selectivity by the MIP and that optimal recognition was achieved through a balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic ligand-polymer interactions, indicating that recognition in these systems is regulated by enthalpy-entropy compensation. The imprinting effect was shown to be sufficient to reverse the inherent selectivity of cyclodextrin for L-phenylalanine. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: molecular imprinting ; phage display ; synthetic enzyme ; aldol condensation ; α-chymotrypsin ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Molecular imprinting and phage display library technologies are rapidly being accepted as useful techniques for the generation of ligand-selective recognition motifs. The use of molecular imprinting to produce a novel type II aldolase mimic selective for the cobalt(II)-mediated aldol condensation of benzophenone and acetaldehyde is reported here. Furthermore, peptide motifs have been identified which are acting as 'affinity ligands' selective for the recognition of the enzyme α-chymotrypsin using phage display techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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