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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylcholinesterase Distribution in Axotomized Frog Motoneurons (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) activity was examined in the perikarya and proximal axonal stumps of frog motoneurons injured by ventral root transection. Based upon measurements of net AChE accumulation in the proximal stumps of transected ventral roots, and upon orthograde clearances of AChE reported by others, it was determined that an amount of AChE equivalent to at least 0.7–2 times the perikaryal content of this enzyme enters the motor axon each day. A progressive decrease in the rate of AChE accumulation in transected axons during the first 3 days after ventral rhizotomy raised the possibility that excess enzyme might accumulate elsewhere within the axotomized motoneurons. However, AChE accumulation was detected only near the cut ends of the ventral roots and was not appreciably increased within injured motoneuronal cell bodies and proximal dendrites, which were isolated by a new method combining bulk and single-cell isolation techniques. These data suggest that AChE turnover is altered rapidly in response to axonal injury, thereby avoiding large perikaryal accumulations of this enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb05353.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-farm evaluation of ridging and residue management options in a Sahelian millet-cowpea intercrop. 2. Crop development (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In the Sahel, promising technologies for agricultural intensification include millet stover mulching and ridging. A four year on-farm experiment was set-up in order to assess the effect of various combinations of these two technologies on crop development and yield in a millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) - cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) intercropping system. Treatments included bare surface, ridging, a surface applied banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) and a banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) buried in ridges. The latter three treatments were implemented exclusively in the cowpea rows, with an annual rotation between the millet and cowpea rows. On bare and ridged plots, millet yields fell below 100 kg grain ha–1 after the first year. This was ascribed mainly to soil acidification and loss of soil organic matter rather than to soil physical constraints or water availability despite extensive surface crusting and high soil penetration resistance and bulk density. Compared to the bare plots, ridging increased cowpea hay production by 330% over the four years which was attributed to lower soil penetration resistance and bulk density but also to a reduction of 0.15 cmol+ kg–1 exchangeable acidity in the ridges. Except during the severe drought year of 1997, millet grain yield in the banded mulch treatment remained fairly stable over time at 526 ± 9 kg ha–1. However, a detailed analysis revealed yield compensation mechanisms between various yield components depending on the timing of occurrence of the abiotic stresses. Cowpea productivity was always higher in buried banded mulch plots than in surface applied banded mulch plots but the former treatment appeared unable to sustain millet yields. This decline was attributed to a greater nutrient uptake by cowpea and more rapid acidification in the buried mulch treatment compared to the banded mulch treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00246.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-farm evaluation of ridging and residue management options in a Sahelian millet-cowpea intercrop. 1. Soil quality changes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In the Sahel, promising technologies for agricultural intensification include millet stover mulching and ridging. A four year on-farm experiment was set-up in order to assess the effect of various combinations of these two technologies on soil chemical and physical quality in a millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) –- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) relay intercropping system. Treatments included bare surface, ridging, a surface applied banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) and a banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) buried in ridges. The latter three treatments were implemented exclusively in the cowpea rows, with an annual rotation between the millet and cowpea rows. Both the bare and ridge plots experienced a rapid loss of organic carbon, acidification and the development of extensive surface crusts but no increase in bulk density or penetration resistance. In the year of application, mulching improved soil quality in the cowpea row with respect to pH, organic carbon and exchangeable K+ and Mg++ content, penetration resistance and bulk density, and it reduced the decline in exchangeable Ca++ and total N content. In the year following mulch application, a general decline in soil chemical quality was observed in the millet row, except for organic carbon content, and a positive residual effect was observed on penetration resistance and bulk density. As a rule, the effects of mulching in the year of application tended to be stronger in the ridged treatment with buried residue than in the banded surface mulch. In the year following application, this tendency was reversed. For the purpose of reducing soil degradation by nutrient mining and wind erosion, a banded surface mulch therefore appeared more effective than buried mulch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00242.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wind erosion in the Southern Sahelian Zone and induced constraints to pearl millet production
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 67 (1993), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1923
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(93)90050-R
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin Regulation of Circadian Rhythmicity (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 600 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16898.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late Quaternary Seismic Stratigraphy of the Eastern Bengal Shelf (1998)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 20 (1998), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Bengal Shelf ; seismic stratigraphy ; Parasound ; Late Quaternary ; subaqueous delta ; lowstand delta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An ultra-high-resolution seismic study of the eastern Bengal Shelf with the parametric narrow-beam echosounder Parasound allows the interpretation of late Quaternary depositional patterns in terms of seismic stratigraphy. Accommodation space was still present on the outer shelf during the last lowstand, where a prograding delta developed in the western survey area. Oolitic beach ridges were later formed on top of this lowstand delta. Farther east, large parts of the shelf were exposed to subaerial erosion and a river system extended seaward across the area. A subaqueous highstand delta prograded southwards following the maximum transgression about 7,000 years ago. Its foreset beds exhibit acoustic voids very likely generated by sediment liquefaction, possibly caused by episodic energetic events such as major cyclones and/or earthquakes. Bottomset sediments extend seaward close to the shelf break in the west, whereas no Holocene sediments cover the outer shelf in the east.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004375908399
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trees and windbreaks in the Sahel: establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values (1994)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 26 (1994), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: windbreaks ; Sahel ; Niger ; mortality rate ; growth ; establishment ; nutritive value ; calorific value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tree and windbreak species considered for the Southern Sahelian Zone (SSZ) of West Africa have to be evaluated following multiple criteria such as fast establishment, shelter efficiency, production of feed for livestock, and firewood. An on-station experiment was conducted on a sandy soil in southwest Niger between 1988 and 1993 to assess the establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values of seven species considered for windbreaks:Andropogon gayanus, Bauhinia rufescens, Acacia holosericea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, andAzadirachta indica. Mortality and stem diameter were monitored twice a year. From 20 months after planting (MAP) onwards, species were annually trimmed to 2 m height and to 1 m sidewards of the main stem. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, twigs, wood, and fruits were recorded. Leaves were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Wood was analyzed for its gross calorific value and its ash content. At 56 MAP, all species had less than 5% morality, except forA. holosericea, which had a mortality rate of 15.9%.A. indica andA. holosericea showed the highest stem diameter among species with 12.2 and 11.8 cm, respectively, at 56 MAP.A. senegal had the highest dry matter production with 22.3 t ha−1 at 56 MAP, followed byA. indica (12.0 t ha−1),A. holosericea (11.7 t ha−1) andB. rufescens (11.2 t ha−1), butA. holosericea was most productive at earlier harvests. OnlyA. senegal (6.4 t ha−1) andA. indica (5.1 t ha−1) had a significant wood production, whereasA. holosericea (5.7 t ha−1) had the highest phyllodes production. Leaves ofA. senegal andA. indica had highest CP contents of 258 and 214 g kg−1, respectively. The leaves of all species exceptA. gayanus had a higher CP:ME ratio than natural pasture in the region. The calorific values of firewood did not differ significantly among the species.A. nilotica, the species with one of the lowest firewood production, had the highest Fuelwood Value Index of 6.6. The choice of species for planting trees and windbreaks in the SSZ must be oriented along these criteria. Further research should be directed towards cost-benefit analyses, land tenure and property rights in combination with surveys on local knowledge of rural people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small cytoplasmic RNAs from rat liver mRNP particles (1983)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 9 (1983), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Free cytoplasmic 40S mRNP particles from rat liver were treated with EDTA and separated into two populations of RNP particles with sedimentation maxima of 20S and 35S, respectively. A characteristic set of distinct scRNAs is found for 20S and 35S RNP particles. The sequences of two of the most abundant scRNAs from 20S RNP particles with chain lengths of 104 (α1-RNA) and 124 (β1-RNA) nucleotides, respectively, are presented. α1-RNA shows a high sequence homology to the 3′-end of 18S rRNA. Since α1-RNA carries a cap, it cannot be a degradation product of 18S rRNA. The β1-RNA is strongly post-transcriptionally modified, but uncapped. When the individual scRNAs of 20S and 35S RNP particles isolated from preparative polyacrylamide gels were assayed for their capability to inhibit in vitro protein synthesis, several potent translational inhibitory RNAs were detected. Particularly, the scRNAs of 147, 203 and 263 nucleotide length associated with the 35S RNP particles turned out to be strong inhibitors of protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00777475
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depositional regimes in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: the last two glacial to interglacial transitions (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 28-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Norwegian ; Greenland Sea Glacial cycles ; Depositional regimes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Various models of surface and deep-water circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (NGS) have been proposed for the last two glacial to interglacial transitions. Although much progress has been made in understanding the sedimentary response to climatic and oceanographic changes, conflicting interpretations have been developed. To clarify some of these discrepancies and to test or modify the existing circulation concepts, a multiparameter approach is applied, combining sedimentological, micropaleontological, organic-geochemical and isotopic methods. On the basis of indicative properties a combined litho- and organofacies concept is developed and calibrated with modern depositional settings beneath different surface water masses. Sedimentary regimes are then derived for glacial and deglacial settings. Atlantic water intrusions in the NGS reveal complex and highly dynamic patterns for the last two glacial and interglacial periods, with repetitive inflows during Isotope Stage 6 and a high variability in Isotope Stage 5. Specific facies patterns show maximum extensions of Atlantic Water intrusions during the climatic highstands 5.5.1, 5.3 and 5.1 and narrowest intrusions in the cool phases 5.4 and most pronounced in 5.2. In contrast, different glacio-marine depositional regimes depict variable sea ice coverage and supply of ice-rafted debris. Most conspicuous are short-term depositional events marked by diamictons, which are related to the high instabilities of continental ice sheets. Some of the diamictons seem to occur contemporaneously with Heinrich layers H1 and H2. The probable temporal and obvious phenomenological concidence of Heinrich layers and NGS diamictons suggests a common trigger mechanism which caused an almost simultaneous disintegration of huge continental ice masses along the shelves of North America and the eastern margin of the NGS. A previous estuarine circulation model claims regional upwelling along the eastern margin of the NGS for specific periods of the last deglaciation. The organic character of sediments covering the same time intervals show a clear predominance of reworked fossil organic matter and thus does not support the estuarine model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192240
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Häufigkeit der Vorhofstimulation bei Patienten mit intermittierendem Vorhofflimmern und AV‐Block 2. oder 3. Grades (1997)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 86 (1997), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words VDDR pacemaker – DDDR pacemaker – paroxysmal atrial fibrillation – automatic mode switch ; Schlüsselwörter VDDR‐Schrittmacher – DDDR‐Schritmacher – intermittierendes Vorhofflimmern – Vorhofstimulation – automatischer Moduswechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit AV‐Block 2., 3. Grades und intermittierendem Vorhofflimmern bestände die Indikation für ein VDDR‐Schrittmachersystem, wenn nicht oder nur selten im Vorhof stimuliert würde. Deshalb wurde bei 23 Patienten mit diesen Charakteristika 1 Monat nach Implantation eines DDDR‐Schrittmachers geprüft, wie häufig sie im Vorhof stimuliert wurden; Patienten mit 〈 10 % Vorhofstimulation wurden solchen mit ≥ 10 % Vorhofstimulation gegenübergestellt. Falls automatischer Moduswechsel aktiviert war, wurde die Anzahl der Moduswechselepisoden als Marker für die Häufigkeit atrialer Tachyarrhythmien erfaßt. Vorhofstimulation 〈 10 % der Zeit lag bei 7 Patienten, eine Stimulation zwischen 10 und 19 % bei 6, zwischen 20 und 29 % bei 2 und ≥ 30 % der Zeit bei 8 Patienten vor. Fünf der 7 Patienten mit 〈 10 % Vorhofstimulation wurden im DDD‐Modus, hingegen nur 4 der 16 Patienten mit ≥ 10 % stimuliert. Patienten mit seltenerer Vorhofstimulation ließen sich nicht anhand ihrer klinischen Befunde vorhersagen. Sowohl Patienten mit 〈 10 % als auch solche mit ≥ 10 % Vorhofstimulation hatten jeweils in 67 % 〈 10 Moduswechselepisoden. Schlußfolgerungen: Im Kurzzeitverlauf nach DDDR‐Schritmacherimplatation wurden bei z.Z. üblichen Schrittmacherprogrammierungen 30 % der Patienten mit intermittierendem Vorhofflimmern und AV‐Block 2., 3. Grades selten – d.h. 〈 10 % der Zeit im Vorhof – stimuliert. Diese Patienten wären möglicherweise für VDDR‐Stimulation geeignet. Seltenere Vorhofstimulation hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Häufigkeit eines automatischen Moduswechsels.
    Notes: Summary Patients with 2nd or 3rd degree AV‐block and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be suitable for VDDR pacemakers, if they are not or rarely paced in the atrium. We studied in 23 of these patients 1 month after DDDR pacemaker implantation, how often they were paced in the atrium with usual pacemaker programmings; patients with 〈 10% atrial pacing were compared with patients with ≥ 10 % atrial pacing. In case automatic mode switch was programmed on, the number of mode switch episodes was assessed as a marker for the frequency of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Atrial pacing 〈 10 % of the time occurred in seven, pacing from 10 to 19 % in six, from 20 to 29 % in two, and ≥ 30 % of the time in eight patients. Five of the seven patients with 〈 10 % atrial pacing were paced in the DDD mode, but only four of 16 patients with ≥ 10 %. Usual clinical findings were unable to predict patients with rare atrial pacing. Patients with 〈 10 % as well as with ≥ 10 % atrial pacing had 〈 10 mode switch episodes in 67 % each. Conclusions: During short‐term follow‐up after DDDR pacemaker implantation 30 % of the patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and second or third degree AV‐block, with present usual pacemaker programmings, rarely had atrial pacing, that means 〈 10 % of the time. These patients would be probably suitable for VDDR pacemakers. Rare atrial pacing had no influence on the occurrence of automatic mode switch episodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003920050037
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