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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helicobacter pylori Infection in Asymptomatic Children: Comparison of Diagnostic Tests (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Childhood is known to be a major risk period for acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection. Studies of the epidemiology of H. pylori infection depend on the validity of the diagnostic tools used to detect the infection in the pediatric setting. This study aims to conduct a combination of diagnostic tests on the same children, evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of IgG antibody testing compared with the 13C-urea breath test, and examine the variability in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in asymptomatic children based on the use of different diagnostic tests.Methods. 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT), whole blood FlexSure (systemic antibodies), and OraSure (salivary antibodies) tests were conducted on 287 asymptomatic children (151 boys, 136 girls; ages 2–18 years). The three tests were conducted on each child during the same day. The prevalence was calculated using each test independently.Results. H. pylori infection was detected in 32%, 22%, or 18% of the studied children, based on UBT, OraSure, or FlexSure, respectively. A total of 103 children tested positive for any one test (92 on UBT, 8 on FlexSure, 3 on OraSure), giving a prevalence of 35% based on the “parallel” method. Only 39 children tested positive in all three tests, giving a prevalence of 14% based on the “serial” method. Using the UBT as the gold standard, the sensitivity of FlexSure and OraSure were 48% and 65%, respectively, and the specificity of both tests was greater than 95%. When we applied the parallel method, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined antibody tests (FlexSure+OraSure) compared to the UBT were 71% and 95%, respectively.Conclusions. Among asymptomatic children, there is a wide variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection based on the diagnostic test used. The study shows that antibody assays are less suitable than the UBT. However, under certain conditions, the IgG assays (combined systemic, salivary, or both) are less expensive alternative tools to the UBT for epidemiological studies in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2000.00024.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in Gastric Permeability to Sucrose Following Cure of Helicobacter pylori Infection (1997)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Helicobacter 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastric sucrose permeability is a noninvasive marker that reliably increases in association with gastrointestinal injury due to use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Despite the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the gastric mucosa, in a previous study we were unable to demonstrate that H. pylori infection was associated with abnormal gastric sucrose permeability. Our goal in this study was to explore further whether H. pylori infection changed gastric permeability; therefore, we evaluated the effect of treatment of H. pylori infection on gastric permeability to sucrose and the relation of sucrose permeability to density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Materials and Methods.Five hundred milliliters of a solution containing 100 gm of sucrose was ingested by the subject at bedtime. Overnight urine was collected and assayed for sucrose by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sucrose permeability was assessed both before and approximately 4 weeks after anti–H. pylori therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.Seventeen asymptomatic H. pylori–infected volunteers participated; 8 were cured. Sucrose permeability was in the range commonly found in normal controls both before and after anti–H. pylori therapy (mean excretion, 76.3 mg; range, 13–171 mg). Gastric sucrose permeability correlated with the density of polymorphonulcear cell infiltration of the mucosa. Cure of the H. pylori infection was associated with a small but significant decrease in sucrose permeability (98.8 ± 18 mg to 51.7 ± 9.8 mg (p = .01). Sucrose permeability was greater in those with a high density of mucosal polymorphonuclear cells compared to those with lower scores (119.5 ± 4 vs 71.4 ± 13 for those with scores ≥ 5 compared to scores ≤ 4;p = .023). Failed therapy resulted in an increase in the mucosal density of polymorphonuclear infiltration and sucrose permeability (56.4 ± 13 mg–99.7 ± 19 mg pretreatment vs posttreatment, respectively;p = .031).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion. H. pylori gastritis causes a small but measurable increase in gastric permeability to sucrose that may reflect epithelial transmigration of neutrophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.tb00057.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Culture Method to Recover Helicobacter pylori from the Feces of Infected Patients (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Helicobacter pylori is difficult to culture from stool. Multiple efforts from multiple laboratories have been unsuccessful, and the optimal conditions to recover H. pylori from stool are still not known. Recovery of H. pylori from feces of infected individuals is important for the performance of molecular epidemiological investigations, especially in children, where their symptoms do not warrant endoscopy to recover the organism.Methods. Fresh fecal specimens (noncathartic) were obtained from 19 known H. pylori–infected patients and were processed to recover the organism. Fresh fecal specimens (noncathartic) were also obtained from three known H. pylori–negative individuals (controls) to determine whether H. pylori could be isolated from stools seeded with known concentrations of the organism. Treatment of the fecal suspensions with cholestyramine, a basic anion exchange resin that binds bile acids, was used in an attempt to enhance recovery of H. pylori by sequestering bile acids that are inhibitory to H. pylori growth. H. pylori was identified based on colony morphology, cell morphology, Gram's stain, biochemical reactions, and polymerase chain reaction for two H. pylori genes.Results. Among 19 patients, H. pylori was cultured at least once from 3 and three times from 2 (5 of 19). Feces that were seeded with H. pylori and obtained from three H. pylori–negative volunteer controls yielded positive recovery in all instances.Conclusion. We have confirmed that it is possible to culture H. pylori from human stool, but the procedure for optimal recovery has still not been defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2000.00026.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-Minute Fasting Version of the US 13C-Urea Breath Test for the Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Helicobacter 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.In large-scale multi-center clinical trials, the US 13C-urea breath test (UBT) has proven to have a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 95%. Ingestion of a meal to delay gastric emptying has advantages of increasing the level of signal as well as prolonging the duration of significantly increased 13C excretion, at the expense of requiring 40 to 60 minutes to complete the test. Our aim was to explore the utility of the 13C-UBT with a total duration of 30 minutes or less. Methods. After a baseline breath sample was obtained, 125 mg of 13C-urea was given in 100 ml of water, and additional breath samples were taken after 20 and 30 minutes. The results of the UBT were compared to histological assessment, culture, and the rapid urease test. 13C-UBTs were carried out on normal volunteers who underwent gastroscopy during which six mucosal biopsies were taken. Three biopsies were for histological evaluation (Genta stain), two for culture, and one was for agar gel rapid urease testing. The UBT was conducted 2 to 3 days either before or after the endoscopic procedure. Results.The cutoff value for a positive UBT was enrichment of 2.4Δ%0 (delta over baseline). Of the 66 tests, 51%0 were Helicobacter pylori-positive. There were no false positive UBTs and only two false negative UBTs at 20 minutes (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 100%). At 30 minutes, one other UBT was false negative (gray zone of 2.36%0.) (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 100%). Conclusion. These results suggest that omission of the meal and shortening the duration of the US 13C-UBT to 20 minutes still may maintain excellent specificity and sensitivity of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00032.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helicobacter pylori Infection, Gastritis, and the Temperature of Choice for Hot Drinks (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Helicobacter 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.The role of the temperature of the diet as a potential etiological factor for gastritis or peptic ulcer disease has been postulated since the beginning of the century. Animal studies have demonstrated damage to gastric mucosa caused by hot water at 60 to 80°C. In the pre-Helicobacter pylori era it was reported that the majority of ulcer patients preferred hot drinks. It also was reported that the temperature of choice for drinks increased with severity of histological grade of gastritis. We evaluated the association between the preferred temperature of hot drinks and the presence of H. pylori infection. Methods. We tested the temperature of choice for hot drinking liquids among 12 H. pylori-negative and 43 H. pylori-positive volunteers. We also compared the effect of H. pylori therapy on hot drink temperature preference and, in 32 individuals, whether there was a relation between temperature and the degree of gastric atrophy. Results.There was no difference in the preferred temperature for hot drinks between those volunteers with and without H. pylori infection (63.4°± 6°C compared to 61.3°± 7°C, respectively) (mean ± 1 SD, p=.3) There was no change in preferred temperature after successful therapy of the H. pylori infection compared to unsuccessful H. pylori therapy, nor was there a correlation between the preferred temperature and the presence, absence, or degree of gastric atrophy (r2 〈 0.001). Conclusion. The temperature of preference for hot drinks was not influenced by H. pylori infection or by the presence of atrophic gastritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00034.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helicobacter pylori and Socioeconomic Factors in Russia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Helicobacter 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The factors influencing the acquisition and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection remain incompletely understood. In Russia, the demographic and socioeconomic factors are relatively similar, allowing investigation of risk factors that might not be identifiable in a more diverse population. Materials and Methods.Sero-prevalence of H. pylori infection was studied in 520 asymptomatic individuals between the ages of 1 and 75 years, residing in St. Petersburg, Russia. Forty-four children lived in orphanages or communal apartments. Demographic information and socioeconomic factors were evaluated, including educational level, income, and living conditions. Helicobacter pylori status was evaluated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-H. pylori IgG. Results.The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 44% in children and 88% in adults (P 〈 .001). In adults, H. pylori prevalence was independent of socioeconomic factors. The crude and the age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in children showed an inverse correlation between the mother's educational level and H. pylori seropositivity [e.g., OR, 1.8; (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1–3.2] for children whose mothers completed only 8 to 10 years of school compared to children whose mothers completed university. Overcrowding in childhood also was associated with increased H. pylori prevalence. Children from orphanages and communal apartments had the highest crowding index and also were at the greatest risk for H. pylori acquisition (age-adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2–2.5). Conclusions.The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Russia correlated with socioeconomic factors, suggesting there are differences sufficient to affect H. pylori transmission. The prevalence of H. pylori infection during childhood forms the basis for the variances in prevalence among populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00015.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 8 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transmission of the infection revealed in many articles an important role of the mothers in transmitting the infection to their children. The epidemiology and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection were examined. The seroprevalence of the infection in different populations as well as colonization of the infection in childhood was reported. Moreover, this year attention was aimed at examining the associations between Helicobacter pylori with gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2003.00163.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seroepidemiology ofHelicobacter pylori infection in India (1991)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 1084-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: Helicobacter pylori ; seroepidemiology ; race ; age-specific ; socioeconomic group ; hepatitis A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Helicobacter pylori (previouslyCampylobacter pylori) is now accepted as the major cause of type B gastritis and thus what is known about the epidemiology of type B gastritis can reasonably be transferred toH. pylori. We used a specific ELISA for anti-H. pylori IgG to study the prevalence ofH. pylori infection in a population of lower socioeconomic class from Hyderabad, India. The results from India were compared to studies from other parts of the world. Two hundred thirty-eight individuals ages 3 to 70 participated. The frequency ofH. pylori infection increased with age (P〈0.01) and was 〉80% by age 20.H. pylori infection was present in 79% of the population studied; there was no gender-related difference in prevalence ofH. pylori infection. IgG antibody against hepatitis A (HAV) was rapidly acquired in Hyderabad; in a subset of 58 children between the ages of 3 and 21 tested, the frequency of anti-HAV was 98.2%. The prevalenc ofH. pylori infection increases with age in both developed and developing countries. The high age-specific prevalence ofH. pylori infection in developing countries is probably a reflection of the lower socioeconomic level of those areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297451
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