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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role Of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide In Ischaemic Preconditioning In Diabetic Rat Hearts (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. It has been suggested that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in the protection provided by ischaemic preconditioning in rat hearts and that ischaemic preconditioning is absent in diabetic rat hearts.2. In the present study, we tested the relationship between sensory nerve function and ischaemic preconditioning in diabetic rats.3. In 4- and 8-week diabetic rats and age-matched non- diabetic controls, 30 min global ischaemia and 40 min reperfusion caused a significant decrease in cardiac function and a marked increase in creatine kinase (CK) release. Ischaemic preconditioning, by three cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion, improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased CK release during reperfusion in 4-week diabetic rat hearts. However, the cardioprotection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning was lost in 8-week diabetic rat hearts. Pretreatment with CGRP for 5 min also significantly improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased CK release in rats subjected to 4 or 8 weeks of diabetes.4. The content of CGRP in the coronary effluent during ischaemic preconditioning was significantly increased in 4-week diabetic rat hearts (P 〈 0.05). However, only a slight increase in the release of CGRP was shown in 8-week diabetic rat hearts (P 〉 0.05).5. In summary, the present results suggest that the protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning is attenuated in diabetic rats and that the change may be related to the reduction in CGRP release in diabetic rat hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03467.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement Of α-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide In Heat Stress-Induced Delayed Preconditioning In Rat Hearts (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Previous studies have shown that hyperthermia is capable of activating capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters from their peripheral terminals. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has recently been found to participate in delayed cardioprotection in rat isolated hearts.2. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether the delayed cardioprotection by heat stress in vivo involves the expression and release of CGRP.3. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with whole-body hyperthermia (rectal 42°C) for 15 min, 24 h before the experiments and then the left main coronary artery of rat hearts was subjected to a 45 min occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion. The degree of myocardial injury was evaluated by measurement of infarct size and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. The plasma levels of CGRP and expression of CGRP (α and β isoforms) mRNA in lumbar dorsal root ganglia at 4, 8, 16 or 24 h after heat stress treatment were measured.4. Pretreatment with hyperthermia significantly reduced infarct size and CK release. Heat stress also significantly increased plasma concentrations of CGRP and the expression of α-CGRP mRNA, but not β-CGRP mRNA. The effect of heat stress was completely abolished by pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg, s.c.), which selectively depletes transmitters in capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves.5. In summary, the results suggest that the delayed cardioprotection by heat stress involves the synthesis and release of CGRP and that the protection is mainly mediated by the α-CGRP isoform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03691.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissecting self-renewal in stem cells with RNA interference (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 442 (2006), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We present an integrated approach to identify genetic mechanisms that control self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. We use short hairpin RNA (shRNA) loss-of-function techniques to downregulate a set of gene products whose expression patterns suggest self-renewal regulatory functions. We focus ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection by capsaicin against attenuated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation due to lysophosphatidylcholine (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 356 (1997), S. 364-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Capsaicin ; CGRP (calcitonin ; gene-related peptide) ; Endothelium-dependent ; relaxation ; Thoracic aorta ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a principal transmitter in sensory nerves, can protect the endothelial cell. We therefore evaluated whether in vivo capsaicin treatment prevents endothelial damage elicited by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in the rat aorta. Acute treatment or repeated pretreatment with capsaicin resulted in stimulation of neurotransmitter release from sensory nerves or depletion of their transmitter content respectively. Vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were examined in the aorta of these animals. Acute application of capsaicin (50 mg/kg) increased the plasma concentration of CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) concomitantly with a reversal of the inhibition by LPC of endothelium-dependent ACh-induced relaxation in the isolated rat aorta. After repeated pretreatment with capsaicin to deplete sensory nerve neurotransmitter content the effects of capsaicin were absent as shown by the plasma CGRP-LI concentration and the vasodilator response to ACh. The results demonstrate that systemic capsaicin treatment, which evokes the release of CGRP from sensory nerves, protects the endothelial cell. The present study also suggests that CGRP may be an endogenous vascular protective substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005063
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric Effects of the Emerging Mainland Chinese Transportation System at and Beyond the Regional Scale (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 27 (1997), S. 31-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Chine vehicles ; ozone ; aerosols ; carbon dioxide ; alternative fuels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Local surface travel needs in the People‘s Republic of China (mainlandChina) have traditionally been met largely by nonpolluting bicycles. A majorautomobile manufacturing/importing effort has begun in the country over thelast decade, and planning documents indicate that the Chinese may strive toacquire more than 100 million vehicles early in the next century. By analogywith large automotive fleets already existing in the western world, bothregional and global scale pollution effects are to be expected from theincrease. The present work adopts the latest projections of Chinese automobilemanufacture and performs some quantitative assessments of the extent ofpollution generation.Focus for the investigation is placed upon the oxidant ozone. Emissions of theprecursor species nitrogen oxides and volatile organics are constructed basedon data for the current automotive sector in the eastern portion of the UnitedStates. Ozone production is first estimated from measured values forcontinental/oceanic scale yields relative to precursor oxidation. Theestimates are then corroborated through idealized two dimensional modeling ofthe photochemistry taking place in springtime air flow off the Asian land massand toward the Pacific Ocean. The projected fleet sizes could increase coastaland remote oceanic ozone concentrations by tens of parts per billion (ppb)in the lower troposphere. Influences on the tropospheric aerosol system andon the major greenhouse gas carbon dioxide are treated peripherally. Nitrogenoxides created during the vehicular internal combustion process willcontribute to nitrate pollution levels measured in the open Pacific. Thepotential for soot and fugitive dust increases should be considered as theautomotive infrastructure develops. Since the emerging Chinese automotivetransportation system will represent a substantial addition to the globalfleet and all the carbon in gasoline is eventually oxidized completely, asignificant rise in global carbon dioxide inputs will ensue as well.Some policy issues are treated preliminary. The assumption is made thatalterations to regional oxidant/aerosol systems and to terrestrial climate areconceivable. The likelihood that the Chinese can achieve the latest vehiclefleet goals is discussed, from the points of view of new production, positivepollution feedbacks from a growing automobile industry, and known petroleumreserves. Vehicular fuel and maintenance options lying before the Chinese areoutlines and compared. To provide some perspective on the magnitude of theenvironmental changes associated with an Asian automotive buildup, recentestimates of the effects of future air traffic over the Pacific Rim aredescribed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005726818613
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  • 6
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    Masters athletes exhibit larger regional brain volume and better cognitive performance than sedentary older adults (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Purpose: To investigate differences in the age-related decline in brain tissue concentration between Masters athletes and sedentary older adults. Materials and Methods: Twelve Masters athletes (MA) (three females, age = 72.4 ± 5.6 years, endurance training 〉15 years), 12 sedentary elderly (SE) similar in age and educational level (four females, age = 74.6 ± 4.3 years), and nine young controls (YC) (four females, age = 27.2 ± 3.6 years) participated. T1-weighted high-resolution (1 × 1 × 1mm 3 ) images were acquired. Voxel-based analysis was conducted to identify clusters showing tissue concentration differences with t -tests. Cognitive function was assessed using a standard clinical battery focused on executive function and memory. Results: Two MA and two SE were unable to complete the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Both SE and MA showed lower gray matter (GM) concentrations than YC in the superior, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and the cingulate gyrus ( P FDR-corrected 〈 0.001) and lower white matter (WM) concentrations in the inferior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus ( P FDR-corrected 〈 0.005). Notably, MA showed higher GM and WM concentrations than SE in the subgyral, cuneus, and precuneus regions related to visuospatial function, motor control, and working memory ( P FDR-corrected 〈 0.005). After controlling for estimated intelligence, MA outperformed SE on tasks of letter ( P 〈 0.01) and category ( P 〈 0.05) fluency. Conclusion: Life-long exercise may confer benefits to some aspects of executive function and age-related brain tissue loss in the regions related to visuospatial function, motor control, and working memory in older adults. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Erratum: The draft genome of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) provides insights into its evolution and vegetarian adaptation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: Nature Genetics 47, 962 (2015). doi:10.1038/ng0815-962a Author: Yaping Wang, Ying Lu, Yong Zhang, Zemin Ning, Yan Li, Qiang Zhao, Hengyun Lu, Rong Huang, Xiaoqin Xia, Qi Feng, Xufang Liang, Kunyan Liu, Lei Zhang, Tingting Lu, Tao Huang, Danlin Fan, Qijun Weng, Chuanrang Zhu, Yiqi Lu, Wenjun Li, Ziruo Wen, Congcong Zhou, Qilin Tian, Xiaojun Kang, Mijuan Shi, Wanting Zhang, Songhun Jang, Fukuan Du, Shan He, Lanjie Liao, Yongming Li, Bin Gui, Huihui He, Zhen Ning, Cheng Yang, Libo He, Lifei Luo, Rui Yang, Qiong Luo, Xiaochun Liu, Shuisheng Li, Wen Huang, Ling Xiao, Haoran Lin, Bin Han & Zuoyan Zhu
    Print ISSN: 1061-4036
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-1718
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Radical Route to 1,4-Benzothiazine Derivatives from 2-Aminobenzenethiols and Ketones under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-09
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03324
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Reflection–transmission matrix method for the consolidation of a multilayered saturated soil (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: The consolidation of the layered saturated soil is an important issue in civil engineering and has been investigated extensively during the past decades. In this study, based on the Biot's theory, the reflection–transmission matrix (RTM) method for treating the layered saturated soil under axisymmetric consolidation is developed. To decouple the governing equations of the Biot's theory, the McNamee displacement functions are introduced, and the general solution for the saturated soil is obtained using the Laplace and Hankel transforms. In order to develop the RTM method for the layered saturated soil, based on the obtained general solution, the static wave vector corresponding to the state vector of the saturated soil and the transform matrix relating the aforementioned two vectors are defined. Also, the transfer matrices corresponding to the two vectors are introduced, and the representations of the RTMs for the static wave vector of the saturated soil are presented. As the state vector, static wave vector, and the transform matrix relating the two vectors are all defined in the global coordinate system, the RTMs obtained in this study thus have a reasonable physical meaning. By using the RTMs for the layered saturated soil, the solutions for the layered saturated soil subjected to external sources are derived. Comparison of results due to the proposed RTM method with some existing results and results due to the transfer matrix method validates the developed RTM method. Some numerical results are obtained based on the proposed RTM method for the layered saturated soil. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0363-9061
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9853
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Phase Behavior of Inorganic Salts Sodium Succinate and Ammonium Citrate in N-Ethylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate Solution at Different Temperatures (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.5b01099
    Print ISSN: 0021-9568
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5134
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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