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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DMS cycle in the ocean-atmosphere system and its response to anthropogenic perturbations (2006)
    Hamburg : Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorologie
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Forschungsbericht ; Dimethylsulfid ; Schwefelkreislauf ; Meer ; Atmosphäre ; Wechselwirkung ; Anthropogene Klimaänderung ; Simulation
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (103 S., 25,0 MB) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Erdsystemforschung 19
    URL: http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/fileadmin/publikationen/erdsystem_19.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fn13/63613069X.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fn13/63613069Xl.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Zsfassung in dt. Sprache , Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., FB Geowiss., Diss., 2006 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 2
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    Fire in the Earth System - bridging data and modelling research (2016)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97 (6). pp. 1069-1072.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00319.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    6000 yrs modeled vs. observed fire activity within the MPI-Earth System Model (2010)
    In:  [Poster] In: AGU Fall Meeting 2010, 13.-17.12.2010, San Francisco, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-05
    Description: One of the controlling factors of NEE that is highly sensitive to changes in climate is fire activity. Here we present results form a transient integration with the fully coupled MPI- Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology covering the last 6000 years. The model comprises dynamical components for atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere including an approach to simulate fire dynamics. The simulation is analyzed with a focus on land carbon and fire dynamics. A range of observational products is used to constrain the models ability to simulate fire distribution and changes in fire regimes over the course of the last 6000 years. On the global land scale, the model run shows a small decrease of the global mean temperature and a decline in annual precipitation. For the land carbon storage there is a significant decrease. On the regional scale, the effect on temperature and precipitation due to changes in the orbital parameters with time is much stronger. A shift of the tropical rain belt combined with changes in vegetation is simulated. Striking is for example a reduction in the vegetation cover in central East Asia over the last 6000 years with a subsequent decreasing trend in land carbon. Related to these climatic changes the fire activity is changing as well. We simulate a reduction of 5% in annual global burned area within the last 6000 years. Regionally, the simulation points out trends in the fire activity corresponding to the changes in vegetation shifts: e.g. there is an increase of ~ +15% in central East Asia and a reduction of about 20% in tropical West Africa in burned area mainly a result of the redistribution of fuel abundance. Simulated changes in fire activity are compared to fire activity records reported in the global charcoal database (Power et al., 2008) and levoglucosan values out of ice cores. A special focus of the analysis will lie on an assessment of correlation between fire activity and large-scale climate indexes (e.g. ENSO, NAO). Focusing on the last 100 yrs the modeled variability is checked against a reconstruction of a yearly global fire history (Mouillot et al., 2005). This comparison points out regions with a significant influence of anthropogenic disturbed fires, which are not represented in the ESM, but play a major role in the last few decades.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 4
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    Modelled vs. reconstructed past fire dynamics - how can we compare? (2015)
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2015, 12.–17.04.2015 , Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-11
    Description: Fire is an important process that affects climate through changes in CO2 emissions, albedo, and aerosols (Ward et al. 2012). Fire-history reconstructions from charcoal accumulations in sediment indicate that biomass burning has increased since the Last Glacial Maximum (Power et al. 2008; Marlon et al. 2013). Recent comparisons with transient climate model output suggest that this increase in global ?re activity is linked primarily to variations in temperature and secondarily to variations in precipitation (Daniau et al. 2012). In this study, we discuss the best way to compare global ?re model output with charcoal records. Fire models generate quantitative output for burned area and fire-related emissions of CO2, whereas charcoal data indicate relative changes in biomass burning for specific regions and time periods only. However, models can be used to relate trends in charcoal data to trends in quantitative changes in burned area or fire carbon emissions. Charcoal records are often reported as Z-scores (Power et al. 2008). Since Z-scores are non-linear power transformations of charcoal influxes, we must evaluate if, for example, a two-fold increase in the standardized charcoal reconstruction corresponds to a 2- or 200-fold increase in the area burned. In our study we apply the Z-score metric to the model output. This allows us to test how well the model can quantitatively reproduce the charcoal-based reconstructions and how Z-score metrics affect the statistics of model output. The Global Charcoal Database (GCD version 2.5; www.gpwg.org/gpwgdb.html) is used to determine regional and global paleofire trends from 218 sedimentary charcoal records covering part or all of the last 8 ka BP. To retrieve regional and global composites of changes in fire activity over the Holocene the time series of Z-scores are linearly averaged to achieve regional composites. A coupled climate-carbon cycle model, CLIMBA (Brücher et al. 2014), is used for this study. It consists of the CLIMBER-2 Earth system model of intermediate complexity and the JSBACH land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. The fire algorithm in JSBACH assumes a constant annual lightning cycle as the sole fire ignition mechanism (Arora and Boer 2005). To eliminate data processing differences as a source for potential discrepancies, the processing of both reconstructed and modeled data, including e.g. normalisation with respect to a given base period and aggregation of time series was done in exactly the same way. Here, we compare the aggregated time series on a hemispheric and regional scale.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 5
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    Fire and ice: a comparison of interglacial fire activity within the MPI-ESM and ice core proxies (2011)
    In:  [Talk] In: Ginkgo meeting, 06.10.2011, Hamburg, Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-05
    Description: One of the controlling factors of net ecosystem exchange that is highly sensitive to changes in climate is fire activity. A model study to describe these controlling factors is validated using multiple proxies to understand fire activity on a continental scale. We present results form a transient integration with the fully coupled Earth System Model (ESM) ECHAM5/MPI-OM1/JSBACH of the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology covering the last 6000 years. The model comprises dynamical components for atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere including an approach to simulate fire dynamics. The simulation is analyzed with a focus on land carbon and fire dynamics. A range of observational products are used to constrain the models ability to simulate fire distribution and changes in fire regimes over the course of the last 6000 years. On the global land scale, the model run shows a small decrease of the global mean temperature and a decline in annual precipitation. For the land carbon storage there is a significant decrease. Due to the changes in the orbital parameters with time, regionally the effect on precipitation and temperature is stronger, which results in a shift of the tropical rain belt combined with changes in vegetation. Striking is for example a reduction in the vegetation cover in central East Asia over the last 6000 years with a subsequent decreasing trend in land carbon. Related to climatic changes the fire activity is changing as well. We simulate a reduction of 5% in annual global burned area within the last 6000 years. Regionally, the simulation points out trends in the fire activity corresponding to the changes in vegetation shifts: e.g. there is an increase of 15% in central East Asia and a reduction of about 20% in tropical West Africa in burned area mainly a result of the redistribution of fuel abundance. Simulated changes in fire activity are compared to fire activity records reported in the global charcoal database (Power et al., 2008) and levoglucosan values out of ice cores. As the charcoal data and levoglucosan data show opposite trends, we demonstrate the sensitivity of the modeled and observed trend to the chosen grid boxes of the model domain. Whereas the charcoal sites are biased to North-America and show an opposite trend than the ice-core data from Kilimanjaro, the investigation of levoglucosan data out of remote ice cores (EPICA or NEEM) are additional used to get a global view on the trend in fire activity.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 6
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    Fire and ice: a comparison of interglacial fire activity within the MPI-ESM and ice core proxies (2011)
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-05
    Description: One of the controlling factors of net ecosystem exchange that is highly sensitive to changes in climate is fire activity. A model study to describe these controlling factors is validated using multiple proxies to understand fire activity on a continental scale. We present results form a transient integration with the fully coupled Earth System Model (ESM) ECHAM5/MPI-OM1/JSBACH of the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology covering the last 6000 years. The model comprises dynamical components for atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere including an approach to simulate fire dynamics. The simulation is analyzed with a focus on land carbon and fire dynamics. A range of observational products are used to constrain the models ability to simulate fire distribution and changes in fire regimes over the course of the last 6000 years. On the global land scale, the model run shows a small decrease of the global mean temperature and a decline in annual precipitation. For the land carbon storage there is a significant decrease. Due to the changes in the orbital parameters with time, regionally the effect on precipitation and temperature is stronger, which results in a shift of the tropical rain belt combined with changes in vegetation. Striking is for example a reduction in the vegetation cover in central East Asia over the last 6000 years with a subsequent decreasing trend in land carbon. Related to climatic changes the fire activity is changing as well. We simulate a reduction of 5% in annual global burned area within the last 6000 years. Regionally, the simulation points out trends in the fire activity corresponding to the changes in vegetation shifts: e.g. there is an increase of 15% in central East Asia and a reduction of about 20% in tropical West Africa in burned area mainly a result of the redistribution of fuel abundance. Simulated changes in fire activity are compared to fire activity records reported in the global charcoal database (Power et al., 2008) and levoglucosan values out of ice cores. As the charcoal data and levoglucosan data show opposite trends, we demonstrate the sensitivity of the modeled and observed trend to the chosen grid boxes of the model domain. Whereas the charcoal sites are biased to North-America and show an opposite trend than the ice-core data from Kilimanjaro, the investigation of levoglucosan data out of remote ice cores (EPICA or NEEM) are additional used to get a global view on the trend in fire activity.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 7
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    A 6000 year transient simulation with the MPI-ESM climate/carbon cycle (2010)
    In:  [Talk] In: 6. Ginkgo Network Meeting, 30.09.-01.10.2010, Frankfurt a.M., Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-05
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 8
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    Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO2 (2019)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-03
    Description: A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving the physical processes representation, as well as improving the computational performance, versatility, and overall user friendliness. In addition to new radiation and aerosol parameterizations of the atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding errors in the model's cloud, convection, and turbulence parameterizations were corrected. The representation of land processes was refined by introducing a multilayer soil hydrology scheme, extending the land biogeochemistry to include the nitrogen cycle, replacing the soil and litter decomposition model and improving the representation of wildfires. The ocean biogeochemistry now represents cyanobacteria prognostically in order to capture the response of nitrogen fixation to changing climate conditions and further includes improved detritus settling and numerous other refinements. As something new, in addition to limiting drift and minimizing certain biases, the instrumental record warming was explicitly taken into account during the tuning process. To this end, a very high climate sensitivity of around 7 K caused by low-level clouds in the tropics as found in an intermediate model version was addressed, as it was not deemed possible to match observed warming otherwise. As a result, the model has a climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 over preindustrial conditions of 2.77 K, maintaining the previously identified highly nonlinear global mean response to increasing CO2 forcing, which nonetheless can be represented by a simple two-layer model.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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