Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Wastewater Treatment and Monitoring: Physico-Chemical Treatment -- Chapter 1: RSM and ANN-GA Experimental Design Optimization for Electrocoagulation Removal of Chromium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Experimental Setup and Procedure -- 2.2 Analytical Techniques -- 2.3 Electrocoagulation Process -- 2.4 Experimental Design -- 2.4.1 Response Surface Methodology -- 2.4.2 Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm -- 2.5 Path Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 RSM Modelling and Optimization -- 3.2 Centre Composite Design -- 3.3 ANN-GA Modelling and Optimization -- 3.4 Path Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Sunlight-Assisted Photo-Fenton Process for Removal of Insecticide from Agricultural Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Chemicals Used -- 2.2 Experimental Procedure -- 2.3 Analytical Methods -- 3 Result and Discussions -- 3.1 Effect of pH -- 3.2 Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration -- 3.3 Effect of Ferrous Sulphate Dosing Concentration -- 3.4 Effect of Initial Concentration of Insecticide -- 3.5 Rate Equation and Kinetics -- 3.6 FTIR Spectra Analysis -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Catalytic Reduction of Water Contaminant `4-Nitrophenol´ over Manganese Oxide Supported Ni Nanoparticles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Synthesis -- 2.3 Characterizations -- 2.4 Catalytic Reduction -- 2.5 Computational Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Computational Studies -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Simulation of Nitrate Removal in a Batch Flow Electrocoagulation-Flotation (ECF) Process by Response Surface Method... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 ECF Reactor -- 2.2 Experimental Procedure. , 2.3 Experimental Design and Data Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Development of Regression Model Equation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Wastewater Treatment and Monitoring: Biological Treatment -- Chapter 5: Decolourization Studies of a Novel Textile Dye Degrading Bacterium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Source of Sample -- 2.2 Isolation of Dye-Decolourizing Bacteria -- 2.3 Screening of Dye Decolourizing Bacteria and Decolourization Activity -- 2.4 Optimization of Different Parameters for Maximum Decolourization -- 2.5 Decolourization Analysis with Optimized Condition -- 2.6 Decolourization of Different Dyes -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Isolation and Screening of Dye Decolourizing Bacteria -- 3.2 Dye Decolourization Activity -- 3.3 Optimization for Maximum Decolourization -- 3.4 Decolourization Activity with Different Dyes -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Preliminary Study of Rapid Enhanced Effective Micro-organisms (REEM) in Oil and Grease Trap from Canteen Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Wastewater Characteristics -- 2.2 Characteristics of Rapid Effective Enhancements Micro-organisms (REEM) -- 2.3 Experimental Set-up -- 2.4 REEM Batch Experiments -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Effects of REEM on Oil and Grease Removal -- 3.2 Effects of REEM on BOD Removal -- 3.3 Effect of REEM on SS Removal -- 3.4 Oil and Grease Removal in Batch Experiment -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendation -- References -- Chapter 7: Step-Feed Technology in SBR to Enhance the Treatment of Landfill Leachate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Experimental Lab-Scale Reactor -- 2.2 Leachate Composition and Seed Sludge -- 2.3 Operating Strategy of Conventional SBR Cycle -- 2.4 Operating Strategy of Step-Feed SBR Cycle -- 2.5 Analytical Method -- 3 Results and Discussion. , 3.1 Overview of System Performance -- 3.2 Performance of Conventional SBR Cycle -- 3.3 Evaluation of Conventional SBR Cycle -- 3.4 Performance of Modified SBR Cycle (Step-Feed Process) -- 3.5 Evaluation of Modified SBR Cycle -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Response Surface Optimization of Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using a Natural Adsorbent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Adsorbent -- 2.2 Adsorbate -- 2.3 Analytical Methods -- 2.4 Adsorption Experiments -- 2.5 RSM-Based Experimental Design, Modelling and Statistical Analysis -- 2.6 Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherms Studies -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Characterization of Adsorbent and Adsorption Process -- 3.2 RSM Model Fitting and ANOVA Analysis -- 3.3 Interaction of Variables and the Effect on Response -- 3.4 Process Optimization and Experimental Validation -- 3.5 Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherms Studies -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water Using Adsorption -- 1 Background -- 2 Adverse Effects of ECs -- 3 Treatment Technologies -- 4 Clay as Adsorbent -- 5 Experimental Studies on Organo Clay in Adsorbing Ciprofloxacin from Water -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Hydrological and Quality Issues: Surface Water -- Chapter 10: Hydrological Regimes and Zooplankton Ecology at Tempe Floodplains, Indonesia: Preliminary Study Before the Operati... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Environmental Variables -- 3.2 Zooplankton -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Organics and Heavy Metals Content in River Receiving the Effluent of Municipal Landfill Leachate Treatment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Hydrological and Quality Issues: Groundwater Contamination. , Chapter 12: Tracing the Significance of River for Arsenic Enrichment and Mobilization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Groundwater Sampling -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in 14 Districts in Sri Lanka: A Collaboration Research Between Sri Lanka and Jap... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater Affecting Holocene Aquifers of India: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Bengal Delta (West Bengal) -- 3.2 Middle Ganga Plain -- 3.3 Ghaghara Valley -- 3.4 Terai Plain of Nepal and West Bengal -- 3.5 Brahmaputra Valley -- 3.6 Barak Valley -- 3.7 Manipur Valley -- 4 Source and Release of Arsenic to Groundwater -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Water Quality Evaluation in a Rural Stretch of Tezpur, Assam (India) Using Water Quality Index and Correlation Mat... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Sampling Area -- 2.2 Sampling and Analysis -- 2.3 Ground Water Quality Index -- 2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Water Quality Parameters -- 3.2 Ground Water Quality Index -- 3.3 Statistical Analysis -- 3.3.1 Basic Statistics -- 3.3.2 Correlation Coefficient -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Hydrological and Quality Issues: Water Resource in Changing Paradigm -- Chapter 16: Meltwater Quality and Quantity Assessment in the Himalayan Glaciers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assessment of Meltwater Quality -- 2.1 Chemical Weathering and Hydrogeochemical Processes -- 2.2 Input from Atmospheric Precipitation and Anthropogenic Activities -- 3 Assessment of Meltwater Quantity -- 3.1 Meltwater Runoff -- 3.2 Suspended Sediment Transport. , 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Delineation of Point Sources of Recharge in Karst Settings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Spring Hydrology -- 3.2 Hydrogeochemistry -- 3.3 Water Isotopes in Catchment Waters -- 3.4 Field Investigations -- 3.5 Tracer Test -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18: Identify the Major Reasons to Cause Vulnerability to Mekong Delta Under the Impacts of Drought and Climate Change -- 1 Mekong Delta -- 2 Assessment Method of Drought Impacts to Eco-social Sectors -- 3 Identification of Drought Impact Types and Causes -- 3.1 The Identification of Drought Impact Types to Each Sector in Mekong Delta -- 3.2 Major Drought Impacts to Each Sector in Mekong Delta -- 3.3 The Causes of Major Drought Impact Types -- 3.4 The Sectors Vulnerable Caused by Drought Impacts in Mekong Delta -- 3.5 Importance of Identification of Major Drought Impact Types and Vulnerable Sector -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Multi-pathway Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes Exposure in Drinking Water Supplies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Analysis of THMs -- 2.2 Cancer Risk Estimation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Concentration Range of THMs in Drinking Water Supplies -- 3.2 Risk Assessment -- 3.2.1 Cancer Risk Through Oral Ingestion -- 3.2.2 Cancer Risk from Dermal Absorption -- 3.2.3 Cancer Risk from Inhalation Route -- 3.2.4 Non-cancer Risk Assessment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 20: The Study of Water Losses Using Knowledge Based System Approach -- 1 Water-Issues and Objectives -- 1.1 The Study Area -- 1.2 Water Balance -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Visual Basic Development -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Knowledge Base -- 3.2 User Interface -- 3.3 Non-revenue Water Expert System (NRWES) -- 3.4 NRW Detections. , 3.5 Non-revenue Water Estimation.

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