Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- PART I USING EXPERIMENTAL REMOVALS OF SPECIES TO REVEAL THE CONSEQUENCES OF BIODIVERSITY DEPLETION -- 1. Native Thistles: Expendable or Integral to Ecosystem Resistance to Invasion? -- 2. The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining the Outcome of Species-Deletion Experiments -- 3. Species Importance and Context: Spatial and Temporal Variation in Species Interactions -- 4. Effects of Removing a Vertebrate versus an Invertebrate Predator on a Food Web, and What Is Their Relative Importance? -- 5. Understanding the Effects of Reduced Biodiversity: A Comparison of Two Approaches -- PART II THE ANTHROPOGENIC PERSPECTIVE -- 6. Models of Ecosystem Reliability and Their Implications for the Question of Expendability -- 7. Predicting the Effects of Species Loss on Community Stability -- 8. One Fish, Two Fish, Old Fish, New Fish: Which Invasions Matter? -- 9. Ecological Gambling: Expendable Extinctions Versus Acceptable Invasions -- 10. Rarity and Functional Importance in a Phytoplankton Community -- 11. Community and Ecosystem Impacts of Single-Species Extinctions -- PART III LINKAGES AND EXTERNALITIES -- 12. Social Conflict, Biological Ignorance, and Trying to Agree Which Species Are Expendable -- 13. Which Mutualists Are Most Essential? Buffering of Plant Reproduction against the Extinction of Pollinators -- 14. The Expendability of Species: A Test Case Based on the Caterpillars on Goldenrods -- 15. An Evolutionary Perspective on the Importance of Species: Why Ecologists Care about Evolution -- 16. Recovering Species of Conservation Concern-Are Populations Expendable? -- 17. Virus Specificity in Disease Systems: Are Species Redundant? -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- How to read this book -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: A vision for ecosystem services in decisions -- 1: Mainstreaming natural capital into decisions -- 1.1 Mainstreaming ecosystem services into decisions -- 1.2 What is new today that makes us think we can succeed? -- 1.3 Moving from theory to implementation -- 1.4 Using ecosystem production functions to map and assess natural capital -- 1.5 Roadmap to the book -- Box 1.1: The everyday meaning of natural capital to the world's rural poor -- 1.6 Open questions and future directions -- Box 1.2: Sorting among options for a more sustainable world -- 1.7 A general theory of change -- References -- 2: Interpreting and estimating the value of ecosystem services -- 2.1 Introduction: why is valuing nature important? -- 2.2 Philosophical issues: values, rights, and decision-making -- 2.3 Measuring ecosystem values -- 2.4 Some case studies -- Box 2.1: Designing coastal protection based on the valuation of natural coastal ecosystems -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Assessing multiple ecosystem services: an integrated tool for the real world -- 3.1 Today's decision-making: the problem with incomplete balance sheets -- 3.2 The decision-making revolution -- 3.3 The ecological production function approach -- 3.4 InVEST: mapping and valuing ecosystem services with ecological production functions and economic valuation -- Box 3.1: Unsung ecosystem service heroes: seed dispersal and pest control -- 3.5 Future directions and open questions -- References -- Section II: Multi-tiered models for ecosystem services -- 4: Water supply as an ecosystem service for hydropower and irrigation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Tier 1 water supply model -- Box 4.1 Can we apply our simple model where groundwater really matters? -- 4.3 Tier 1 valuation. , 4.4 Limitations of the tier 1 water yield models -- 4.5 Tier 2 water supply model -- 4.6 Tier 2 valuation model -- 4.7 Sensitivity analyses and testing of tier 1 water supply models -- 4.8 Next steps -- References -- 5: Valuing land cover impact on storm peak mitigation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Tier 1 biophysical model -- 5.3 Tier 1 valuation -- Box 5.1: Integrated flood risk management: gaining ecosystem services and increasing revenue -- 5.4 Tier 2 supply and use model -- 5.5 Tier 2 valuation -- 5.6 Limitations and next steps -- References -- 6: Retention of nutrients and sediment by vegetation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Tier 1 biophysical models -- 6.3 Tier 1 economic valuation -- 6.4 Tier 2 biophysical models -- 6.5 Tier 2 economic valuation models -- 6.6 Constraints and limitations -- 6.7 Testing tier 1 models -- Box 6.1: China forestry programs take aim at more than floods -- 6.8 Next steps -- References -- 7: Terrestrial carbon sequestration and storage -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Tier 1 supply model -- Box 7.1: Noel Kempff case study: capturing carbon finance -- 7.3 Tier 1 valuation model: an avoided economic damage approach -- Box 7.2: Valuing the Arc: measuring and monitoring forest carbon for offsetting -- 7.4 Tier 2 supply model -- 7.5 Tier 2 valuation: an application of the avoided economic damage approach -- 7.6 Limitations and next steps -- References -- 8: The provisioning value of timber and non-timber forest products -- 8.1 Introduction -- Box 8.1: Wildlife conservation, corridor restoration, and community incentives: a paradigm from the Terai Arc landscape -- 8.2 The supply, use, and value of forests' provisioning service in tier 1 -- 8.3 The supply, use, and value of forests' provisioning service in tier 2 -- 8.4 Limitations and next steps -- References -- 9: Provisioning and regulatory ecosystem service values in agriculture. , 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Defining agricultural scenarios -- 9.3 Tier 1 -- 9.4 Tier 2 -- 9.5 Mapping the impacts of agriculture on important ecological processes -- 9.6 Uncertainty -- 9.7 Limitations and next -- References -- 10: Crop pollination services -- 10.1 Introduction -- Box 10.1: Assessing the monetary value of global crop pollination services -- 10.2 Tier 1 supply model -- 10.3 Tier 1 farm abundance map -- 10.4 Tier 1 valuation model -- 10.5 Tier 2 supply model -- 10.6 Tier 2 farm abundance map -- 10.7 Tier 2 valuation model -- 10.8 Sensitivity analysis and model validation -- 10.9 Limitations and next steps -- Box 10.2: Pollination services: beyond agriculture -- References -- 11: Nature-based tourism and recreation -- 11.1 Nature-based tourism and recreation values in context -- 11.2 Tier 1 tourism supply and use model -- 11.3 Tier 2 tourism supply and use model -- 11.4 Tier 1 and 2 use value -- Box 11.1: How the economics of tourism justifi es forest protection in Amazonian Peru -- 11.5 State-of-the-art tourism value -- 11.6 Limitations and next steps -- References -- 12: Cultural services and non-use values -- 12.1 Introduction -- Box 12.1: The sacred geography of Kawagebo -- 12.2 Methods: integrating cultural services and non-use values into decisions -- Box 12.2: People of color and love of nature -- 12.3 Limitations and next steps -- References -- 13: Terrestrial biodiversity -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Tier 1: habitat-quality and rarity model -- Box 13.1: Integrating biodiversity and agriculture: a success story in South Asia -- 13.3 Tier 2 models of terrestrial biodiversity -- 13.4 Tier 1 and 2 examples with sensitivity analysis -- 13.5 Limitations and next steps -- References -- Section III: Extensions, applications, and the next generation of ecosystem service assessments. , 14: Putting ecosystem service models to work: conservation, management, and trade-offs -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Applying ecosystem service and biodiversity models in management and conservation contexts -- Box 14.1: Plight of a people -- 14.3 Extending the frontier: challenges facing ecosystem management -- References -- 15: How much information do managers need? The sensitivity of ecosystem service decisions to model complexity -- 15.1 Introduction -- Box 15.1: How much data do we need to support our models: a case study using biodiversity mapping and conservation planning -- 15.2 Testing agreement between simple and complex ecosystem service models -- 15.3 Future directions and open questions -- References -- 16: Poverty and the distribution of ecosystem services -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Ecosystem services and the poor -- Box 16.1: Can the natural capital of agroecosystems provide a pathway out of poverty? -- Box 16.2: Poverty and ecosystem service mapping at work in Kenya -- 16.3 Mapping poverty and ecosystem services -- 16.4 Case studies -- 16.5 Including institutions: the way forward -- References -- 17: Ecosystem service assessments for marine conservation -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Ecosystem services provided by marine environments -- Box 17.1: Nonlinear wave attenuation and the economic value of mangrove land-use choices -- Box 17.2: Valuation of coral reefs in the Caribbean -- 17.3 Mapping and modeling the flow of marine ecosystem services: a case study of Puget Sound -- 17.4 Future directions -- References -- 18: Modeling the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Previous analyses of climate-driven changes in ecosystem services -- 18.3 Using ecosystem-service models to evaluate the impact of climate change on natural and human systems. , Box 18.1: An estimate of the effects of climate change on global agricultural ecosystem services -- 18.4 Climate impacts on ecosystem-services in the Willamette Basin of Oregon -- 18.5 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 19: Incorporating ecosystem services in decisions -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Putting ecosystem services on the agenda -- Box 19.1: An assessment of ecosystem services helps a paper and packaging business respond to emerging risks -- 19.3 Instruments for sustaining and enhancing ecosystem services -- 19.4 Choosing the right instrument -- 19.5 Building stronger organization -- Box 19.2: Cultural evolution as an enabling condition for the use of ecosystem services in decisions -- 19.6 Future directions -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- PART I: SINGLE SPECIES DYNAMICS IN SPATIAL HABITATS -- 1. Population Dynamics in Spatial Habitats -- 2. Predictive and Practical Metapopulation Models: The Incidence Function Approach -- 3. Variability, Patchiness, and Jump Dispersal in the Spread of an Invading Population -- PART II: PARASITES, PATHOGENS, AND PREDATORS IN A SPATIALLY COMPLEX WORLD -- 4. The Dynamics of Spatially Distributed Host-Parasitoid Systems -- 5. Basic Epidemiological Concepts in a Spatial Context -- 6. Measles: Persistence and Synchronicity in Disease Dynamics -- 7. Genetics and the Spatial Ecology of Species Interactions: The Silene-Ustilago System -- PART III: COMPETITION IN A SPATIAL WORLD -- 8. Competition in Spatial Habitats -- 9. Biologically Generated Spatial Pattern and the Coexistence of Competing Species -- 10. Habitat Destruction and Species Extinctions -- 11. Local and Regional Processes as Controls of Species Richness -- PART IV: THE FINAL ANALYSIS: DOES SPACE MATTER OR NOT? AND HOW WILL WE TEST OUR IDEAS? -- 12. Theories of Simplification and Scaling of Spatially Distributed Processes -- 13. Production Functions from Ecological Populations: A Survey with Emphasis on Spatially Implicit Models -- 14. Challenges and Opportunities for Empirical Evaluation of "Spatial Theory -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Section 1: Reproducibility, bias, and objectivity in conservation science -- 1 Uncomfortable questions and inconvenient data in conservation science -- Peter Kareiva and Michelle Marvier -- 2 The thin ice of simplicity in environmental and conservation assessments -- Moana McClellan and Ian P. Davies -- Section 2: Challenges to foundational premises in conservation -- 3 The value of ecosystem services: What is the evidence? -- Linus Blomqvist and R. David Simpson -- 4 Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function? -- Mark Vellend -- 5 Forty years of bias in habitat fragmentation research -- Lenore Fahrig -- 6 Introduced species are not always the enemy of conservation -- Martin A. Schlaepfer -- 7 Novel ecosystems: Can't we just pretend they're not there? -- Richard J. Hobbs -- 8 What is the evidence for planetary tipping points? -- Barry W. Brook, Erle C. Ellis, and Jessie C. Buettel -- 9 Adaptability: As important in conservation organizations as it is in species -- Paul R. Armsworth, Eric R. Larson, and Alison G. Boyer -- 10 Food webs with humans: In name only? -- Emma C. Fuller -- Section 3: Iconic conservation tales: Sorting truth from fiction -- 11 Global agricultural expansion: The sky isn't falling (yet) -- Jonathan R. B. Fisher -- 12 A good story: Media bias in trophic cascade research in Yellowstone National Park -- Emma Marris -- 13 From Silent Spring to The Frog of War: The forgotten role of natural history in conservation science -- David K. Skelly -- 14 How a mistaken ecological narrative could be undermining orangutan conservation -- Erik Meijaard -- 15 Fealty to symbolism is no way to save salmon -- Peter Kareiva and Valerie Carranza -- 16 Genetically modified crops: Frankenfood or environmental boon? -- Michelle Marvier -- 17 When "sustainable" fishing isn't. , Kristin N. Marshall and Phillip S. Levin -- 18 Science communication is receiving a lot of attention, but there's room to improve -- Yuta J. Masuda and Tim Scharks -- Section 4: Questioning accepted strategies and interventions -- 19 Overfishing: Can we provide food from the sea and protect biodiversity? -- Ray Hilborn -- 20 Rehabilitating sea otters: Feeling good versus being effective -- James A. Estes and M. Tim Tinker -- 21 Planning for climate change without climate projections? -- Joshua J. Lawler and Julia Michalak -- 22 Is "no net loss of biodiversity" a good idea? -- Martine Maron -- 23 Replacing underperforming nature reserves -- Richard A. Fuller and James E. M. Watson -- 24 Conservation in the real world: Pragmatism does not equal surrender -- Joseph M. Kiesecker, Kei Sochi, Jeff Evans, Michael Heiner, Christina M. Kennedy, and James R. Oakleaf -- 25 Are payments for ecosystem services benefiting ecosystems and people? -- Paul J. Ferraro -- 26 Corporations valuing nature: It's not all about the win-wins -- Jennifer L. Molnar -- 27 Business as usual leads to underperformance in coastal restoration -- Brian R. Silliman, Brent B. Hughes, Y. Stacy Zhang, and Qiang He -- Section 5: Conclusion -- 28 Conservation bias: What have we learned? -- Brian Silliman and Stephanie Wear -- Index.