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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomer-Specific Determination and Toxic Evaluation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated/brominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers, and Extractable Organic Halogen in Carp from the Buffalo River, New York (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 1832-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00007a018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographical Distribution and Accumulation Features of Organochlorine Residues in Fish in Tropical Asia and Oceania (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 2673-2683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00010a029
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from India and their implications on human dietary exposure (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 40 (1992), S. 518-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00015a032
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing environmental change through chemical-sediment chronologies from inland lakes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Lakes & reservoirs 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the hypothesis that the spatial pattern of metal accumulation rates in inland lake sediments provides insight into the causes of the historical and continued loadings of contaminants to the environment. To address this, copper and lead accumulation rates in the Great Lakes' watershed were studied. A multi-element approach was used, in which many non-toxic chemicals were measured along with the toxic chemicals of interest, rather than a target-specific approach. The multi-element approach also allowed for assessing the environmental state of the lake with respect to its surrounding watershed. Sediment cores were collected from the deepest portion of five Michigan inland lakes, sectioned, metals extracted by nitric acid, microwave digestion and leachates analysed for 26 metals using an inductively coupled, plasma, mass spectrometer with hexapole technology. Sedimentation rates, ages and focusing factors were calculated via 210Pb. Dasymetric mapping was used to estimate population distributions in lake watersheds. Watershed area was estimated from digital elevation data using Arc/INFO (ESRI, Redlands, California). The data show that as loadings from dominant (regional) sources decrease (e.g. atmospheric deposition in the case of lead), new patterns provide insight into causes for continued contaminant loadings (e.g. population density). The data also show the universal response of the watersheds to the onset of the anthropogenic loadings of lead but not that of copper. Individual watersheds had different onset times for anthropogenic copper loadings. Recent lead loadings to the environment can be related to population density, and those of copper reflect, in part, a spatial pattern that is similar to the regional pattern for lead during the mid-1970s. As this pattern for lead could be related to a regional gradient of lead concentrations in atmospheric deposition, the same relation cannot be made for copper. The cause for this spatial pattern for copper is not clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2002.00190.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent organochlorine residues in canned cod-livers of the Southern Baltic Origin (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 50 (1993), S. 929-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209960
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residue pattern and dietary intake of persistent organochlorine compounds in foodstuffs from Vietnam (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 367-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), DDT compounds (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were determined in foodstuffs collected from different locations in Vietnam. Elevated levels of PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, and aldrin and dieldrin were found in animal fat, butter, meat, and seafood. Caviar and butter samples imported from the Soviet Union contained considerably higher amounts of PCBs, HCHs and DDTs. The average daily intake of some organochlorines by Vietnamese people were higher than those observed in most of the developed nations. The dietary intake of DDTs was the highest among various chemicals studied. Interestingly, the daily dietary intake of PCBs was comparable to those in developed countries. Fish, shellfish, prawn, and crab were the primary route of DDTs to humans, whereas cereals and vegetables were the predominant sources of PCBs and HCHs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212555
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomer-specific analysis and toxic evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls in striped dolphins affected by an epizootic in the western Mediterranean sea (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1993), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Isomer-specific concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including planar, mono- and di-ortho congeners and concentrations of DDT were determined in striped dolphins affected by a morbillivirus epizootic in the western Mediterranean in 1990. Extremely high concentrations of PCBs ranging from 94 to 670 μg/g (wet wt) were detected in the blubber. Similarly, DDT concentrations were high, between 22 and 230 μg/g (wet wt). The concentrations of three non-ortho coplanar PCBs were 43 (3,3′,4,4′-T4CB), 6.8 (3,3′,4,4′,5-P5CB), and 7.8 (3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-H6CB) ng/g (wet wt), respectively, the highest residue levels reported to date. The estimated 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents of non-, mono- and di-ortho PCB congeners in striped dolphins were several times higher than those observed for other marine mammals and humans. Mono-ortho congeners contributed greater 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents than non-ortho members. The higher ratio of 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-H6CB/3,3′,4,4′,5-P5CB (IUPAC 169/126) suggested a strong induction of mixed function oxidase enzymes and highlighted the possibility of using this ratio as an index for risk assessment of PCB contamination in marine mammals. Elevated concentrations of PCBs may have played a role in the immune depression in striped dolphins, ultimately leading to the development of morbillivirus disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212134
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in slaughtered and game animal fats from the northern part of Poland (1992)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 195 (1992), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Pooled samples of the adipose fat of swine, cows, sheep, rabbit, ducks, geese, turkeys, wild boar, roe deer and stags collected from the norhtern part of Poland in 1987–88 were analysed for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorohexanes (HCHs), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and chlordanes (CHLs). All the fats contained detectable, but low concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs. The mean PCB levels ranged from 9.2 to 47 μg/kg of which IUPAC nos. 138, 153, and 180 were dominating congeners in most of the samples. DDT concentrations were apparently lower in fat of the ruminants (45 to 84 μg/kg fat) while in rabbits, swine, turkeys and geese, it was from 79 to 140 μg/kg fat. Ducks and wild boar had the highest concentrations of 400 and 440 μg DDTs/kg fat, respectively. HCB was detected at concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 18 μg/kg fat. The total HCH concentration ranged between 15 and 77 μg/kg fat. Aldrin and heptachlor remained undetected while dieldrin was found only in some slaughtered species with a range of positive measurements up to 9.1 μg/kg fat. Similarly, heptachlor epoxide was traced up to 9.1 μg/kg fat and the residues of CHLs from 0.34 to 4.1 μg/kg fat.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sammelproben von Gewebefett von Schwein, Kuh, Schaf, Kaninchen, Ente, Gans, Truthahn, Wildschwein, Reh und Hirsch aus dem nördlichen Teil Polens (1987–1988) wurden auf PCB, HCB, HCH, DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlorepoxid und Chlordan untersucht. All diese Fette enthielten nachweisbare, aber niedrige Konzentrationen von organischen Chlorpesticiden und PCB. Der mittlere PCB-Wert reichte von 9,2–47 μg/kg, wobei die Nr. 138, 153 und 180 die dominierenden Congenere in den meisten Proben waren. Die DDT-Konzentrationen waren im Fett der Wiederkäuer niedriger (45–84 μg/kg) als im Fett von Kaninchen, Schwein, Truthahn und Gans (79–140 μg/kg). Ente und Wildschwein hatten die höchste Konzentration an DDT (400–440 μg/kg). HCB wurde in Konzentrationen von 2,0–18 μg/kg nachgewiesen. Aldrin und Heptachlor blieb unentdeckt, während Dieldrin nur in einigen Schlachtproben in Höhe von 9,1 μg/kg festgestellt werden konnte; ähnlich war es beim Heptachlorepoxid (9,1 μg/kg) und beim Chlordan (0,34–4,1 μg/kg).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01197833
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and Accumulation of Butyltin Compounds in Ganges River Dolphin, Platanista gangetica (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 11 (1997), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: butyltin ; TBT ; Ganges river ; dolphin ; pollution ; food chain ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concentrations of butyltin compounds (mono-, di-, and tri-butyltin) were determined in dolphin (Platanista gangetica), fish, invertebrates and sediment collected from the River Ganges, India, in order to understand the contamination levels, sources, and potential for biomagnification in freshwater food chains. Total butyltin concentration in dolphin tissues was up to 2000 ng g-1 wet wt, which was about 5-10 times higher than in their diet. The concentrations in fish and benthic invertebrates, including polychaetes, were 3-10 times greater than in sediment. The biomagnification factor for butyltins in river dolphin from its food was in the range 0.2-7.5. Butyltin concentrations in Ganges river organisms were higher than those reported for several persistent organochlorine compounds. Discharge of untreated domestic sewage was one of the major sources of butyltin residues in Ganges river biota. High concentrations of butyltin compounds in freshwater food chains suggest the need to assess their toxic effects in aquatic organisms and to regulate their use. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Does wet precipitation represent local and regional atmospheric transportation by perfluorinated alkyl substances? (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Environment international, 55 . pp. 25-32.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-21
    Description: Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) have been found widely in the environment including remote marine locations. The mode of transport of PFASs to remote marine locations is a subject of considerable scientific interest. Assessment of distribution of PFASs in wet precipitation samples (i.e., rainfall and snow) collected over an area covering continental, coastal, and open ocean will enable an understanding of not only the global transport but also the regional transport of PFASs. Nevertheless, it is imperative to examine the representativeness and suitability of wet precipitation matrixes to allow for drawing conclusions on the transport PFASs. In this study, we collected wet precipitation samples including rainfall, surface snow, and snow core from several locations in Japan to elucidate the suitability of these matrixes for describing local and regional transport of PFASs. Rain water collected at various time intervals within a single rainfall event showed high fluxes of PFASs in the first 1-mm deposition. The scavenging rate of PFASs by wet deposition varied depending on the fluorocarbon chain length of PFAS. The depositional fluxes of PFASs measured for continental (Tsukuba, Japan) and open ocean (Pacific Ocean, 1000 km off Japanese coast) locations were similar, on the order of a few nanograms per square meter. The PFAS profiles in "freshly" deposited and "aged" (deposited:on the ground for a few days) snow samples taken from the same location varied considerably. The freshly deposited snow represents current atmospheric profiles of PFASs, whereas the aged snow sample reflects sequestration of local sources of PFASs from the atmosphere. Post-depositional modifications in PFAS profiles were evident, suggesting reactions of PFASs on snow/ice surface. Transformation of precursor chemicals such as fluorotelomer alcohols into perfluoroalkylcarboxylates is evident on snow surface. Snow cores have been used to evaluate time trends of PFAS contamination in remote environments. Snow collected at various depths from a core of up to 7.7 m deep, at Mt. Tateyama (2450 m), Japan, showed the highest concentrations of PFASs in the surface layer and the concentrations decreased with increasing depth for most PFASs, except for perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS). Downward movement of highly water soluble PFASs such as PFBS, following melting and freezing cycles of snow, was evident from the analysis of snow core
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.005
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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