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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: The associations of body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measurements with lung cancer were examined in 348,108 participants in the European Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) between 1992 and 2010. The study population included 2,400 case patients with incident lung cancer, and the average length of follow-up was 11 years. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models in which we modeled smoking variables with cubic splines. Overall, there was a significant inverse association between BMI (weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ) and the risk of lung cancer after adjustment for smoking and other confounders (for BMI of 30.0–34.9 versus 18.5–25.0, hazard ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.62, 0.84). The strength of the association declined with increasing follow-up time. Conversely, after adjustment for BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were significantly positively associated with lung cancer risk (for the highest category of waist circumference vs. the lowest, hazard ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.50). Given the decline of the inverse association between BMI and lung cancer over time, the association is likely at least partly due to weight loss resulting from preclinical lung cancer that was present at baseline. Residual confounding by smoking could also have influenced our findings.
    Print ISSN: 0002-9262
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-6256
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-01-06
    Description: Chromosome 5p15.33 has been identified as a lung cancer susceptibility locus, however the underlying causal mechanisms were not fully elucidated. Previous fine-mapping studies of this locus have relied on imputation or investigated a small number of known, common variants. This study represents a significant advance over previous research by investigating a large number of novel, rare variants, as well as their underlying mechanisms through telomere length. Variants for this fine-mapping study were identified through a targeted deep sequencing (average depth of coverage greater than 4000 x ) of 576 individuals. Subsequently, 4652 SNPs, including 1108 novel SNPs, were genotyped in 5164 cases and 5716 controls of European ancestry. After adjusting for known risk loci, rs2736100 and rs401681, we identified a new, independent lung cancer susceptibility variant in LPCAT1 : rs139852726 (OR = 0.46, P = 4.73 x 10 –9 ), and three new adenocarcinoma risk variants in TERT : rs61748181 (OR = 0.53, P = 2.64 x 10 –6 ), rs112290073 (OR = 1.85, P = 1.27 x 10 –5 ), rs138895564 (OR = 2.16, P = 2.06 x 10 –5 ; among young cases, OR = 3.77, P = 8.41 x 10 –4 ). In addition, we found that rs139852726 ( P = 1.44 x 10 –3 ) was associated with telomere length in a sample of 922 healthy individuals. The gene-based SKAT-O analysis implicated TERT as the most relevant gene in the 5p15.33 region for adenocarcinoma ( P = 7.84 x 10 –7 ) and lung cancer ( P = 2.37 x 10 –5 ) risk. In this largest fine-mapping study to investigate a large number of rare and novel variants within 5p15.33, we identified novel lung and adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci with large effects and provided support for the role of telomere length as the potential underlying mechanism.
    Print ISSN: 0143-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2180
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Christiansen, Hanne Hvidtfeldt; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Isaksen, Ketil; Juliussen, H; Farbrot, Herman; Humlum, Ole; Johansson, M; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas; Kristensen, L; Hjort, J; Holmlund, Per; Sannel, A Britta K; Sigsgaard, C; Åkerman, H J; Foged, N; Blikra, Lars Harald; Pernosky, M A; Ødegård, Rune Strand (2010): The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic Area during the International Polar Year 2007-2009. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21(2), 156-181, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.687
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: This paper provides a snapshot of the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2009. Several intensive research campaigns were undertaken within a variety of projects in the Nordic countries to obtain this snapshot. We demonstrate for Scandinavia that both lowland permafrost in palsas and peat plateaus, and large areas of permafrost in the mountains are at temperatures close to 0°C, which makes them sensitive to climatic changes. In Svalbard and northeast Greenland, and also in the highest parts of the mountains in the rest of the Nordic area, the permafrost is somewhat colder, but still only a few degrees below the freezing point. The observations presented from the network of boreholes, more than half of which were established during the IPY, provide an important baseline to assess how future predicted climatic changes may affect the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area. Time series of active-layer thickness and permafrost temperature conditions in the Nordic area, which are generally only 10 years in length, show generally increasing active-layer depths and rising permafrost temperatures.
    Keywords: Active layer depth; Area/locality; Comment; Dalsnibba/Dal; Degree days, freezing; Degree days, thawing; Depth, reference; Description; Dovrefjell/DBl; Elevation of event; Endalen/EN-B-1; Event label; Finland; Gagnheidi; Gruvefjellet/GF-B-1; Guolasjavri1/Gu-B-l; Hagongur; Iceland; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Iskoras1/Is-B-l; Iskoras2/Is-B-2; Janssonhaugen/1099; Jettabhl/Jet-BHl; JuvvashøeBH31/PACE31; Juvvassbh2/Juv-BH2; Juvvassbh3/Juv-BH3; Juvvassbhl/Juv-BHl; KappLinné1/KL-B-l; KappLinné2/KL-B-2; KappLinné3/KL-B-3; Kistefjellet/Ki-B-1; Kursflaket/KF-1; Kursflaket/KF-2; Latitude of event; Lavkavagge1/La-B-l; Longitude of event; MULT; Multiple investigations; Name; Norway; Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen; Ny-Ålesund/NA-B-1; OldAuroralStation2/AS-B-2; Operation mode; Saudafell; Snowdrift1/SN-B-l; Snowdrift2/SN-B-2; Snow thickness; Storflaket/SF-1; Storflaket/SF-2; Storflaket/SF-3; Svalbard; Svea2/Sv-B-2; Svea5/Sv-B-5; Sweden; Tarfalaryggen/Ta-1; Tarfalaryggen/Ta-2; Tavvavuoma/T10; Tavvavuoma/T2; Temperature, air, annual mean; Temperature, ground, annual mean; Temperature recorder; TEMP-R; Time coverage; Torneträsk, Sweden; Tronbhl/Tro-BHl; Vaisjeaggi1/Va-l; ZAC; Zackenberg; Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 479 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Airborne and ground-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations have been carried out at the volcano Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of Congo) tomeasure SO2 and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the plume inMarch 2004 and June 2007, respectively. Additionally filter pack andmulticomponent gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS)measurements were carried out in June 2007. Ourmeasurements provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the volcanic plume emitted fromthe lava lake of Nyiragongo. The main interest of this study has been to investigate for the first time the bromine emission flux of Nyiragongo (a rift volcano) and the BrO formation in its volcanic plume. Measurement data and results from a numerical model of the evolution of BrO in Nyiragongo volcanic plume are compared with earlier studies of the volcanic plume of Etna (Italy). Even though the bromine flux from Nyiragongo (2.6 t/d) is slightly greater than that from Etna (1.9 t/d), the BrO/SO2 ratio (maximum 7 × 10 5) is smaller than in the plume of Etna (maximum 2.1 × 10 4). A one-dimensional photochemical model to investigate halogen chemistry in the volcanic plumes of Etna and Nyiragongo was initialized using data from Multi-GAS and filter pack measurements. Model runs showed that the differences in the composition of volcanic volatiles led to a smaller fraction of total bromine being present as BrO in the Nyiragongo plume and to a smaller BrO/SO2 ratio.
    Description: Published
    Description: 277-291
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Intraplate volcano Nyiragongo is bromine rich although chlorine poor ; BrO/Br in volcanic plumes depends on initial plume composition ; Determination of Nyiragongo chlorine, bromine, sulfur emission strength ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-04-01
    Description: In the Arctic Ocean ice algae constitute a key ecosystem component and the ice algal spring bloom a critical event in the annual production cycle. The bulk of ice algal biomass is usually found in the bottom few cm of the sea ice and dominated by pennate diatoms attached to the ice matrix. Here we report a red tide of the phototrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum located at the ice-water interface of newly formed pack ice of the high Arctic in early spring. These planktonic ciliates are not able to attach to the ice. Based on observations and theory of fluid dynamics, we propose that convection caused by brine rejection in growing sea ice enabled M. rubrum to bloom at the ice-water interface despite the relative flow between water and ice. We argue that red tides of M. rubrum are more likely to occur under the thinning Arctic sea ice regime.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3Arctic Change Conference, 9-12 December 2008, Québec City, Canada.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    In:  EPIC3IPY Oslo Science Conference, 8-12 June 2010, Oslo, Norway.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: During the IPY, two international hands-on training workshops were held at the Otto-Schmidt Laboratory for Polar and Marine Research at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. These workshops were under the conference heading of IMPETUS, meaning to be the catalyst for new collaborations between young Russian researchers and their international counterparts.IMPETUS 2007 provided insights into the latest techniques and methods used in permafrost research in fields as diverse as permafrost modeling, investigations of mountain ice segregation, bubbling from thermakarst lakes, and submarine permafrost. It brought together experts to provide young investigators with a multidisciplinary and cross-border perspective on permafrost research, a much needed approach in a discipline marked by strong research history yet strongly entangled within national boarders.IMPETUS 2008 focused on the latest techniques and methods used in polar ocean observation in research fields including nutrient and primary production monitoring, data transmission, remote sensing in oceanography and meteorology, sea-ice monitoring, seafloor mapping and Arctic drilling, coastal sediment dynamics, and climate modeling. It brought together experts to provide young researchers with a cross-border perspective in polar ocean research, a needed approach in a field characterized by the presence of many different, partially overlapping disciplines.Both IMPETUS workshops improved existing and built up new collaborations and networks including the whole range from early to senior career scientists. The success of these workshops highlights the need for a sense of belonging among scientists beyond the traditional nationally and disciplinarily established boarders.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Permafrost Young Researchers Network (PYRN) (www.pyrn.org) is a unique resource for students and young scientists and engineers studying permafrost. It is an international organization fostering innovative collaboration, seeking to recruit, retain, and promote future generations of permafrost scientists and engineers. Initiated for and during IPY, PYRN directs the multi-disciplinary talents of its membership toward global awareness, knowledge, and response to permafrost-related challenges in a changing climate.Created as an education and outreach component of the International Permafrost Association (IPA), PYRN is a central database of permafrost information and science for more than 750 young researchers from over 43 countries. PYRN distributes a newsletter, recognizes outstanding permafrost research by its members through an annual awards program, organizes training workshops (2007 in Abisko, Sweden and St. Petersburg, Russia, 2008 in Fairbanks, Alaska and St. Petersburg, Russia, 2009 in Puschchino, Russia), and contributes to the growth and future of the permafrost community.While networking forms the basis of PYRNs activities, the organization also seeks to establish itself as a driver of permafrost research for the IPY and beyond. We recently launched a series of initiatives on several continents aimed at providing young scientists and engineers with the means to conduct ground temperature monitoring in under-investigated permafrost regions.Focusing on sites not currently covered by the IPAs Thermal State of Permafrost project, the young investigators of PYRN successfully launched and funded the PYRN-TSP project. The first phase of the project was started in the spring of 2008 at Scandinavian sites. In Iskoras, Karasjok, northern Norway, a deep borehole (58 m) were drilled in September 2008. In Skallovarri, Utsjoki, northern Finland a borehole 3 m, was drilled in a palsa mire in June 2008. In Abisko, northern Sweden, 5 boreholes ranging from 6 to 13 m were drilled in April 2008, also in peat mires. In Svalbard, two boreholes were drilled at Endalen in April 2008 and at the old Auroral Station in Adventdalen in May 2008. The borehole at Endalen was 20 m deep and the borehole at the Old Auroral Station in Adventdalen was 10 m deep. All boreholes are instrumented and permafrost temperatures have been recorded successfully since the boreholes were drilled. The data and results have and will be incorporated in the NORPERM permafrost database that was developed through the TSP Norway project.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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