Note: Front cover -- Ecosystem Engineers, Plants to Protists -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- Section I: HISTORY AND DEFINITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING -- Chapter 1: ON THE PURPOSE, MEANING, AND USAGE OF THE PHYSICAL ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING CONCEPT -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 ON THE DEFINITION -- 1.3 ON PROCESS UBIQUITY -- 1.4 ON EFFECT MAGNITUDE AND SIGNIFICANCE -- 1.5 ON USAGE -- 1.6 ON BREADTH AND UTILITY -- 1.7 ON THE UNDERLYING PERSPECTIVE -- 1.8 A CONCLUDING REMARK ON CONCEPT AND THEORY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 SOIL AND SEDIMENT PROCESSES -- 2.3 SUCCESSION -- 2.4 MICROCLIMATE MODIFICATION, FACILITATION, AND INHIBITION -- 2.5 HABITAT CREATION -- 2.6 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: A NEW SPIRIT AND CONCEPT FOR ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING? -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 A SHORT HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 3.3 A CONNECTION WITH KEYSTONE SPECIES? -- 3.4 A UNIQUE FEATURE FOR ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING? -- 3.5 A SELECTIVE ARGUMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING? -- 3.6 DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING: UTILITY, CONTENTION, AND PROGRESS -- REFERENCES -- Section II: EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS -- Chapter 5: EARTHWORMS AS KEY ACTORS IN SELF-ORGANIZED SOIL SYSTEMS -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 ADAPTATION OF EARTHWORMS AND OTHER ORGANISMS TO SOIL CONSTRAINTS: THE POWER OF MUTUALISM -- 5.3 THE DRILOSPHERE AS A SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM -- 5.4 HARNESSING THE DRILOSPHERE TO RESTORE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS IN DEGRADED SOILS -- 5.5 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: MICROHABITAT MANIPULATION: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING BY SHELTER-BUILDING INSECTS -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 SHELTERS AND SHELTER-BUILDERS -- 6.3 LEAF SHELTERS AS HABITATS FOR ARTHROPODS -- 6.4 ENGINEERING EFFECTS ON ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES. , 6.5 PROSPECTUS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: CARPOBROTUS AS A CASE STUDY OF THE COMPLEXITIES OF SPECIES IMPACTS -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 CARPOBROTUS AS AN ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER -- 7.3 DISCUSSION -- 7.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING IN THE FOSSIL RECORD: EARLY EXAMPLES FROM THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 PALEOCOMMUNITY RECONSTRUCTION -- 8.3 IDENTIFYING ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD -- 8.4 SETTING THE STAGE: THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD -- 8.5 EARLY METAZOAN ALLOGENIC ENGINEERS -- 8.6 EARLY METAZOAN AUTOGENIC ENGINEERS -- 8.7 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: HABITAT CONVERSION ASSOCIATED WITH BIOERODING MARINE ISOPODS -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 SPHAEROMA QUOIANUM -- 9.3 SPHAEROMA TEREBRANS -- 9.4 LIMNORIA SPP. -- 9.5 LESSONS AND IMPLICATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10: SYNTHESIS: LESSONS FROM DISPARATE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS -- REFERENCES -- Section III: THEORIES AND MODELS -- Chapter 11: COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: RESULTS OF LOTKA-VOLTERRA COMMUNITY THEORY -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 LOTKA-VOLTERRA COMMUNITY MODEL -- 11.3 DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12: MODEL STUDIES OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING IN PLANT COMMUNITIES -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PLANT COMMUNITIES IN DRYLANDS -- 12.3 ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING IN THE MODEL -- 12.4 APPLYING THE MODEL TO WOODY-HERBACEOUS SYSTEMS -- 12.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13: BALANCING THE ENGINEER-ENVIRONMENT EQUATION: THE CURRENT LEGACY -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 POPULATION MODELS OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: THE SIMPLEST CASES -- 13.3 POPULATION MODELS: SPATIALLY EXPLICIT AND MECHANISTICALLY DETAILED CASES -- 13.4 POPULATION MODELS: CASES WITH AN EVOLUTIONARY FOCUS -- 13.5 COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM MODELS. , 13.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14: SYNTHESIS OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING THEORY -- REFERENCES -- Section IV: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS -- Chapter 15: RESTORING OYSTER REEFS TO RECOVER ECOSYSTEM SERVICES -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 EVALUATING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY OYSTER REEFS -- 15.3 CHALLENGES AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16: MANAGING INVASIVE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: THE CASE OF SPARTINA IN PACIFIC ESTUARIES -- 16.1 INVASIVE ENGINEERS CAUSE UNIQUE PROBLEMS -- 16.2 SPARTINA INVASION IN WILLAPA BAY -- 16.3 DIFFICULTIES PREDICTING SPREAD -- 16.4 INVASION IMPACT MECHANISMS -- 16.5 CHOICE OF CONTROL STRATEGIES -- 16.6 ALTERNATIVE RESTORATION TRAJECTORIES -- 16.7 COLLATERAL IMPACTS OF CONTROL -- 16.8 RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17: LIVESTOCK AND ENGINEERING NETWORK IN THE ISRAELI NEGEV: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT -- 17.1 ENGINEERING NETWORKS -- 17.2 LIVESTOCK AND ENGINEERING NETWORK -- 17.3 NEGEV DESERT MANAGEMENT: EXPLOITATION AND MODULATION -- 17.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS AND THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT ON CALIFORNIA'S CHANNEL ISLANDS -- 18.1 INTRODUCTION -- 18.2 OVERVIEW OF CALIFORNIA'S CHANNEL ISLANDS -- 18.3 FERAL SHEEP AND PIGS ON SANTA CRUZ ISLAND -- 18.4 POST-ERADICATION FLORA AND FAUNA DYNAMICS -- 18.5 NON-NATIVE SPECIES AS ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS AND ECOSYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE INVADERS -- 18.6 COMPLEXITY, UNCERTAINTY, AND THEIR ROLE IN SHAPING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS -- 18.7 CONCLUSION: HOW DOES THE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER CONCEPT FIT INTO ONGOING AND FUTURE NON-NATIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ON THE CHANNEL ISLANDS? -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19: THE DIVERSE FACES OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS -- 19.1 PLANNED ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS -- 19.2 ASSOCIATED ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS. , 19.3 THE INTERACTION OF HUMAN ENGINEERS WITH ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERS: THE CASE OF PESTICIDES -- 19.4 DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20: MANAGEMENT AND ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE CHALLENGES -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 EFFECTS AND IMPACTS OF SINGLE ENGINEERING SPECIES -- 20.3 EFFECTS AND IMPACTS OF ENGINEERS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECOSYSTEMS -- 20.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- COLOR PLATE.

Note: Cover -- Population Dynamics for Conservation -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- CHAPTER 1 Philosophical approach topopulation modeling -- 1.1 Simplicity versus complexity, and four characteristics of models -- 1.2 Logical basis for population modeling -- 1.2.1 Deductive reasoning and the scientific uses of modeling -- 1.2.2 Inductive reasoning and practical applications of modeling -- 1.2.3 Consequences of deductive and inductive logic for population dynamics -- 1.3 The state of a system -- 1.3.1 Models of i-states and p-states -- 1.3.2 Individual based models (IBM) -- 1.4 Uncertainty and population models -- 1.5 Levels of integration in ecology -- 1.6 State of the field -- CHAPTER 2 Simple population models -- 2.1 The first population model-the rabbit problem -- 2.2 Simple linear models (exponential or geometric growth) -- 2.3 Simple nonlinear models (logistic-type models) -- 2.3.1 Continuous-time logistic models -- 2.3.2 Discrete-time logistic models -- 2.4 Illustrating population concepts with simple models -- 2.4.1 Illustrating dynamic stability with simple, linear, discrete-time models -- 2.4.2 Dynamic stability of simple nonlinear models -- 2.4.3 Quasi-extinction in random environments with a discrete-time linear simple model -- 2.4.4 What does the simple logistic model tell us about managing for sustainable fisheries? -- 2.5 What have we learned in Chapter 2? -- CHAPTER 3 Linear, age-structured modelsand their long-term dynamics -- 3.1 The continuity equation and the M'Kendrick/von Foerster model -- 3.1.1 Solving the M'Kendrick/von Foerster model -- 3.2 The renewal equation-Lotka's model -- 3.3 The Leslie matrix -- 3.3.1 Solving the Leslie model -- 3.3.2 The stable age distribution -- 3.4 Mathematical theory underlying the Leslie matrix -- 3.4.1 The Perron-Frobenius theorem. , 3.5 Sensitivity and elasticity of eigenvalues: the Totoaba example -- 3.6 Handling the oldest age classes: age-lumping, terminal age classes, and post-reproductive ages -- 3.7 What have we learned in Chapter 3? -- CHAPTER 4 Age-structured models: Short-term transient dynamics -- 4.1 The other eigenvalues -- 4.1.1 An example of cyclic transient dynamics -- 4.2 How the dependence of reproduction on age influences these cycles -- 4.2.1 Semelparous species and imprimitive Leslie matrices -- 4.2.2 Cycle period: the mean age of reproduction and the echo effect -- 4.2.3 How age structure influences the occurrence of cycles -- 4.2.4 Convergence to the asymptotic dynamics -- 4.2.4.1 Rate of convergence to the stable age distribution: the damping ratio -- 4.2.4.2 The distance to the stable age distribution -- 4.2.4.3 Example: adaptive management of marine protected areas -- 4.3 Transient responses to ongoing environmental variability -- 4.3.1 Determining the equilibrium of a nonlinear age-structured population -- 4.3.2 The frequency response of a population -- 4.3.3 Cohort resonance -- 4.3.3.1 Analysis of cohort resonance -- 4.3.3.2 Cohort resonance: effects of life history, fishing, and eigenvalues -- 4.3.4 Extreme period-T cycles: cyclic dominance in sockeye salmon -- 4.4 What have we learned in Chapter 4? -- CHAPTER 5 Size-structured models -- 5.1 The size-structured M'Kendrick/von Foerster model -- 5.1.1 The solution to the size-structured M'Kendrick/von Foerster model -- 5.1.2 Adding reproduction to obtain a complete population model -- 5.2 Stand distributions -- 5.3 Cohort distributions -- 5.4 Numerical methods -- 5.4.1 Grid-based method -- 5.4.2 The escalator-boxcar train -- 5.4.3 Integral projection models -- 5.5 What have we learned in Chapter 5? -- CHAPTER 6: Stage-structured models -- 6.1 Biological processes. , 6.2 History of development of stage-structured matrix models -- 6.2.1 Early development of stage models -- 6.2.2 Early successes in stage-structured modeling -- 6.2.3 Early applications -- 6.2.4 Stochastic stage-structured models -- 6.3 Problems with stage-structured models -- 6.4 Possible better alternatives to stage-structured models -- 6.5 Replacement in stage-structured models -- 6.6 Delay equations -- 6.7 What have we learned in Chapter 6? -- CHAPTER 7: Age-structured models with density-dependent recruitment -- 7.1 Local stability and 2T cycles -- 7.1.1 Local stability analysis -- 7.1.2 An example: 2 T cycles in Dungeness crab -- 7.2 The simplest general model of age-structured density dependence -- 7.3 Cycles in Dungeness crab: models and data -- 7.4 An intertidal barnacle, Balanus glandula -- 7.5 Cannibalism and the flour beetle, Tribolium -- 7.6 Effects of equilibrium conditions -- 7.6.1 Single-sex harvest -- 7.6.2 Multiple equilibria -- 7.7 What have we learned in Chapter 7? -- CHAPTER 8: Age-structured models in a random environment -- 8.1 The small fluctuation approximation (SFA) -- 8.2 The first crossing solution -- 8.3 A more general version of the growth of variability -- 8.4 Does the SFA/diffusion approximation work? Totoaba as an example -- 8.5 Color of the random environmental variability -- 8.6 Application of SFA to population data -- 8.7 State of the science quantifying extinction risk at the turn of the century -- 8.8 Perils of using stage models to characterize extinction risk -- 8.9 What have we learned in Chapter 8? -- CHAPTER 9: Spatial population dynamics -- 9.1 Modeling the spread of a population -- 9.1.1 The reaction-diffusion model -- 9.1.2 The asymptotic rate of spread -- 9.1.3 Leptokurtic dispersal -- 9.1.4 When diffusion is not a good representation of movement -- 9.2 Population persistence in aquatic habitats. , 9.2.1 The KISS model: persistence of a patch of plankton -- 9.2.2 The drift paradox -- 9.3 Metapopulations -- 9.3.1 The Levins model -- 9.3.2 Incidence function models -- 9.3.3 Patch value in the incidence function model -- 9.4 Models with internal patch dynamics: structure in space and age -- 9.4.1 Metapopulation persistence: replacement over space -- 9.4.2 Population persistence in heterogeneous space -- 9.5 Spatial variability across populations -- 9.6 What have we learned in Chapter 9? -- CHAPTER 10: Applications to conservation biology -- 10.1 Lessons from earlier chapters -- 10.2 Probabilities of extinction: the problem of measurement uncertainty -- 10.3 Probabilities of extinction: the importance of environmental spectra -- 10.4 Replacement as an extinction metric -- 10.5 An example with abundance, replacement, and measurement error -- 10.6 Comparative studies: Pacific salmon -- 10.7 Addressing exogenous variability: drivers and errors -- 10.8 Population diversity -- 10.9 What have we learned in Chapter 10? -- CHAPTER 11: Population dynamics in marine conservation -- 11.1 Three models from the 1950s -- 11.1.1 The logistic fishery model -- 11.1.2 The single cohort model (also known as the dynamic pool model, yield-per-recruit model) -- 11.1.3 The stock and recruitment model -- 11.1.4 Complete age-structured models: linking cohorts with a stock-recruit curve -- 11.2 Replacement in fully age-structured fishery models -- 11.2.1 Stock-recruit curves, lifetime egg production (LEP), and spawning per recruit (SPR) -- 11.2.2 Replacement and optimal fishery yield -- 11.3 The precautionary approach and modern fishery management -- 11.3.1 Precautionary management and reference points -- 11.3.2 Managing to avoid overfishing -- 11.4 Spatial management: marine protected areas -- 11.4.1 Strategic models of MPAs. , 11.4.2 Tactical models of marine protected area design -- 11.4.3 Other types of models used in MPA design -- 11.4.4 Adaptive management of MPAs -- 11.5 What have we learned in Chapter 11? -- CHAPTER 12: Thinking about populations -- 12.1 Modeling philosophy and approach -- 12.2 Replacement, an organizing principle -- 12.3 Population responses to time scales of environmental variability -- 12.4 Applying the lessons of population dynamics -- 12.5 What next? -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contents by Subject Area -- Contributors -- Guide to the Encyclopedia -- Preface -- A -- Adaptive Behavior and Vigilance -- Adaptive Dynamics -- Adaptive Landscapes -- Age Structure -- Allee Effects -- Allometry and Growth -- Apparent Competition -- Applied Ecology -- Assembly Processes -- B -- Bayesian Statistics -- Behavioral Ecology -- Belowground Processes -- Beverton-Holt Model -- Bifurcations -- Biogeochemistry and Nutrient Cycles -- Birth-Death Models -- Bottom-Up Control -- Branching Processes -- C -- Cannibalism -- Cellular Automata -- Chaos -- Coevolution -- Compartment Models -- Computational Ecology -- Conservation Biology -- Continental Scale Patterns -- Cooperation, Evolution of -- D -- Delay Differential Equations -- Demography -- Difference Equations -- Discounting in Bioeconomics -- Disease Dynamics -- Dispersal, Animal -- Dispersal, Evolution of -- Dispersal, Plant -- Diversity Measures -- Dynamic Programming -- E -- Ecological Economics -- Ecosystem Ecology -- Ecosystem Engineers -- Ecosystem Services -- Ecosystem Valuation -- Ecotoxicology -- Energy Budgets -- Environmental Heterogeneity and Plants -- Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling -- Evolutionarily Stable Strategies -- Evolutionary Computation -- F -- Facilitation -- Fisheries Ecology -- Food Chains and Food Web Modules -- Food Webs -- Foraging Behavior -- Forest Simulators -- Frequentist Statistics -- Functional Traits of Species and Individuals -- G -- Game Theory -- Gap Analysis and Presence/Absence Models -- Gas and Energy Fluxes Across Landscapes -- Geographic Information Systems -- H -- Harvesting Theory -- Hydrodynamics -- I -- Individual-Based Ecology -- Information Criteria in Ecology -- Integrated Whole Organism Physiology -- Integrodifference Equations -- Invasion Biology -- L -- Landscape Ecology -- M. , Marine Reserves and Ecosystem-Based Management -- Markov Chains -- Mating Behavior -- Matrix Models -- Meta-Analysis -- Metabolic Theory of Ecology -- Metacommunities -- Metapopulations -- Microbial Communities -- Model Fitting -- Movement: From Individuals to Populations -- Mutation, Selection, and Genetic Drift -- N -- Networks, Ecological -- Neutral Community Ecology -- Niche Construction -- Niche Overlap -- Nicholson-Bailey Host Parasitoid Model -- Nondimensionalization -- NPZ Models -- O -- Ocean Circulation, Dynamics of -- Optimal Control Theory -- Ordinary Differential Equations -- P -- Pair Approximations -- Partial Differential Equations -- Phase Plane Analysis -- Phenotypic Plasticity -- Phylogenetic Reconstruction -- Phylogeography -- Plant Competition and Canopy Interactions -- Population Ecology -- Population Viability Analysis -- Predator-Prey Models -- Q -- Quantitative Genetics -- R -- Reaction-Diffusion Models -- Regime Shifts -- Reserve Selection and Conservation Prioritization -- Resilience and Stability -- Restoration Ecology -- Ricker Model -- S -- Sex, Evolution of -- Single-Species Population Models -- SIR Models -- Spatial Ecology -- Spatial Models, Stochastic -- Spatial Spread -- Species Ranges -- Stability Analysis -- Stage Structure -- Statistics in Ecology -- Stochasticity (Overview) -- Stochasticity, Demographic -- Stochasticity, Environmental -- Stoichiometry, Ecological -- Storage Effect -- Stress and Species Interactions -- Succession -- Synchrony, Spatial -- T -- Top-Down Control -- Transport in Individuals -- Two-Species Competition -- U -- Urban Ecology -- Glossary -- Index.

Note: Literaturverz. S. [205] - 215