Note: Front Cover -- Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Uncertainties of Global Biogeochemical Predictions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The IGBP Transect Approach -- 1.3 Variability in Processes -- 1.4 Biome Approach and Functional Types -- 1.5 New Approaches to Functional Diversity -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Uncertainties of Global Climate Predictions, -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Observational Evidence -- 2.3 Physical Rationale -- 2.4 Response to Forcing of the Climate System -- 2.5 Results from Climate Change Prediction Experiments -- 2.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Uncertainties in the Atmospheric Chemical System, -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Synthetic View of Chemical Processes in the Troposphere -- 3.3 The IMAGES Model -- 3.4 Changes in the Chemical Composition of the Global Troposphere -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4. Inferring Biogeochemical Sources and Sinks from Atmospheric Concentrations: General Consideration and Applications in Vegetation Canopies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Scalar and Isotopic Molar Balances -- 4.3 Inverse Methods for Inferring Scalar Sources and Sinks in Canopies -- 4.4 Inverse Methods and Isotopes in Canopies -- 4.5 Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- References -- Chapter 5. Biogeophysical Feedbacks and the Dynamics of Climate -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Synergisms -- 5.3 Multiple Equilibria -- 5.4 Transient Interaction -- 5.5 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6. Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions and Monsoon Climate Change: A Paleo-Perspective -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Response of the Monsoon to Orbital Forcing -- 6.3 Ocean Feedbacks on the Monsoon -- 6.4 Land-Surface Feedbacks on the Monsoon. , 6.5 Synergies between the Land, Ocean and Atmosphere -- 6.6 The Role of Climate Variability -- 6.7 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7. Paleobiogeochemistry -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methane -- 7.3 Carbon Dioxide -- 7.4 Mineral Dust Aerosol -- 7.5 Scientific Challenges Posed by the Ice-Core Records -- 7.6 Towards an Integrated Research Strategy for Palaeobiogeochemistry -- References -- Chapter 8. Should Phosphorus Availability Be Constraining Moist Tropical Forest Responses to Increasing CO2 Concentrations? -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Phosphorus in the Soils of the Moist Tropics -- 8.3 States and Fluxes of Phosphorus in Moist Tropical Forests -- 8.4 Linking the Phosphorus and Carbon Cycles -- References -- Chapter 9. Trees in Grasslands: Biogeochemical Consequences of Woody Plant Expansion -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Woody Plant Encroachment in Grasslands and Savannas -- 9.3 The La Copita Case Study -- 9.4 Degradation: Ecological Versus Socioeconomic -- 9.5 Implications for Ecosystem and Natural Resources Management -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10. Biogeochemistry in the Arctic: Patterns, Processes and Controls -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Tundra Organic Matter -- 10.3 Tundra Nutrients -- 10.4 Biogeochemical Responses to Experimental Ecosystem Manipulations -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 11. Evaporation in the Boreal Zone During Summer-Physics and Vegetation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Climate and Soil Water -- 11.3 Evaporation Theory -- 11.4 Evaporation During Summer and Rainfall -- 11.5 Forest Evaporation, Tree Life Form and Nitrogen -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Past and Future Forest Response to Rapid Climate Change -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Long-Distance Dispersal -- 12.3 Estimating Jump Distances -- 12.4 Interactions with Resident Vegetation - Constraints on Establishment. , 12.5 Interactions with Resident Vegetation - Competition for Light and Resulting Constraints on Population Growth -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13. Biogeochemical Models: Implicit vs. Explicit Microbiology -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Microbiology in Biogeochemical Models -- 13.3 Dealing with Microbial Diversity in Models -- 13.4 Kinetic Effects of Microbial Population Size -- 13.5 Microbial Recovery from Stress -- 13.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14. The Global Soil Organic Carbon Pool -- 14.1 Introduction: the Soil Carbon Pool and Global Change -- 14.2 Factors Affecting the Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon -- 14.3 Global Variations in the SOC Pool -- 14.4 The Limitations of Available Observational SOC Data -- 14.5 A Stratified Sampling Approach -- 14.6 Conclusions: Sandworld and Clayworld -- References -- Chapter 15. Plant Compounds and Their Turnover and Stability as Soil Organic Matter -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Pathways of Soil Organic Matter Formation -- 15.3 Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter -- 15.4 Turnover of Soil Organic Matter -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16. Input/Output Balances and Nitrogen Limitation in Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 16.1 Abstract -- 16.2 Long-term Nutrient Limitation -- 16.3 A Simple Model -- 16.4 Pathways of N Loss -- 16.5 Constraints to N Fixation -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. Interactions Between Hillslope Hydrochemistry, Nitrogen Dynamics and Plants in Fennoscandian Boreal Forest -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 A Historical Perspective -- 17.3 Nitrogen Supply and Forest Productivity in a Landscape Perspective: Hypotheses -- 17.4 Interactions Between Hydrochemistry, N Dynamics and Plants at Betsele - a Model System -- 17.5 Experimental Evidence -- 17.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18. The Cycle of Atmospheric Molecular Oxygen and its Isotopes. , 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Molecular Atmospheric Oxygen -- 18.3 The Stable Isotopes of Oxygen -- 18.4 Integrative Research Approach -- References -- Chapter 19. Constraining the Global Carbon Budget from Global to Regional Scales - the Measurement Challenge -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Present Status of Global C-Models -- 19.3 Global CO2-Measurements -- 19.4 The Global CO2-Measuring Network -- References -- Chapter 20. Carbon Isotope Discrimination of Terrestrial Ecosystems - How Well do Observed and Modeled Results Match? -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Experimental and Analytical Methods -- 20.3 Description of the Model -- 20.4 13C Signature of Ecosystem Respiration -- 20.5 Modeled Ecosystem Carbon Discrimination -- 20.6 Comparison of Observed and Modeled De Estimates -- 20.7 Ecophysiological Information of Δe -- 20.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21. Photosynthetic Pathways and Climate -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 A Physiological Basis for C3/C4 Plant Distributions -- 21.3 A Brief History of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels -- 21.4 Recognizing the Presence of C3 and C4 Ecosystems in the Paleorecord -- 21.5 The Global Expansion of C4 Ecosystems -- 21.6 C3/C4 Dynamics During Glacial-Interglacial Periods -- 21.7 Photosynthetic Pathway Distribution in The Modern World -- 21.8 Photosynthetic Pathway Impacts Herbivores -- 21.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 22. Biological Diversity, Evolution and Biogeochemistry -- 22.1 What Do We Have and What Are We Losing? -- 22.2 Do Species Losses Matter for Biogeochemical Cycling? -- 22.3 Kinds of Diversity -- 22.4 The Evolution of Functional Diversity -- 22.5 Cellulose -- 22.6 Evolution of Polyphenolic Compounds -- 22.7 The Build Up of Carbon and Evolution of Decomposers -- 22.8 Analysis of the Role of Diversity and Biogeochemistry -- 22.10 Summary -- References. , Chapter 23 Atmospheric Perspectives on the Ocean Carbon Cycle -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Long-term Mean Ocean Uptake -- 23.3 Interannual Variability -- 23.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 24 International Instruments for the Protection of the Climate and Their National Implementation -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Commitments of States Parties Under the Climate Change Regime -- 24.3 Implementation Measures -- 24.4 Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement -- 24.5 The Kyoto Protocol as a Learning Treaty -- 24.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 25. A New Tool to Characterizing and Managing Risks -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Risk Evaluation and Risk Classification -- 25.3 Risk Management -- 25.4 Application to Environmental Risks of Substances -- 25.5 Some Conclusions for a Deliberative Process -- References -- Chapter 26. Contrasting Approaches: The Ozone Layer, Climate Change and Resolving The Kyoto Dilemma -- 26.1 Introduction: Apples and Oranges? -- 26.2 Montreal: An Unlikely Success Story -- 26.3 Lessons From The Ozone Layer -- 26.4 Climate Change: The Road to Rio -- 26.5 The Framework Convention on Climate Change -- 26.6 Tortuous Targets in Kyoto -- 26.7 When Will the Kyoto Protocol Enter Into Force? -- 26.8 Unlearned Lessons -- 26.9 Time To Move on: A longer Term Perspective -- 26.10 A Technology-based Strategy For The Future: Eight Points For Action -- References -- Chapter 27. Optimizing Long-Term Climate Management -- 27.1 Introduction -- 27.2 Global Environment and Society Models -- 27.3 Impulse-Response Climate Models -- 27.4 Optimizing CO2 Emissions -- 27.5 Conclusions -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Literaturangaben