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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Doppler Assessment in multiple pregnancy randomised controlled trial of ultrasound biometry versus umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound and biometry in twin pregnancy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess the addition value of umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound added to standard ultrasound biometry measurements in the management of twin pregnancies.Design A prospective randomised controlled multicentre trial of women with twin pregnancies.Setting Tertiary level referral hospitals in Australia, New Zealand and Southeast Asia.Population Pregnant women with twin pregnancies.Methods Women were randomised at 25 weeks of gestation to receive either standard ultrasound biometric assessment or standard assessment plus Doppler ultrasound umbilical artery flow velocity waveform analysis. The studies were repeated at 30 and 35 weeks unless otherwise indicated. Physicians were advised to institute close fetal surveillance in the presence of an abnormal umbilical artery Doppler study or with biometry indicators of fetal compromise.Main outcome measures Standard obstetric (mode of delivery, perinatal mortality, hypertension, antenatal admissions and gestation at delivery) and neonatal (5 minute Apgar scores 〈5, admissions to neonatal nursery and requirements for ventilation) outcomes and statistical analysis was on intention-to-treat.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to demography, antenatal, peripartum and neonatal outcomes. There was no difference in the perinatal mortality rate in the no Doppler group (n= 264), which was 11/1000 live births, and the Doppler group (n= 262), which was 9/1000 live births. There were three unexplained intrauterine deaths in the no Doppler group and none in the Doppler group (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.01–1.31). Two intrauterine deaths in the Doppler group were due to cord prolapse in labour and a fetomaternal haemorrhage, both very unlikely to be influenced by Doppler surveillance.Conclusions In this study, close surveillance in twin pregnancy resulted in a lower than expected fetal mortality from 25 weeks of gestation in both the no Doppler and Doppler groups. The lower rate of unexplained fetal death in the no Doppler group was not significantly different from the Doppler group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.02066.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three-dimensional in-vitro model for the study of peritoneal tumour metastasis (1999)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 17 (1999), S. 515-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: basement membrane ; cell adhesion molecule ; integrin ; mesothelial cell ; metastasis ; peritoneum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peritoneal metastasis is a frequent complication of gastrointestinal malignancy. We have developed a three-dimensional model of the human peritoneum that simulates the metastatic process in vitro. Peritoneal fibroblasts were incorporated into collagen lattices, allowed to contract, then overlaid with mesothelial cells. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the model to have similar physical properties to human peritoneum. Mesothelial expression of the β1 integrin family, the basement membrane proteins fibronectin, laminin, collagen types III and IV, and the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM were assessed and showed similar results to in vivotissue. Gastrointestinal tumour cells seeded onto the model exhibited mesothelial adhesion, cell spreading and vesicle formation, and invasion of the mesothelial monolayer on scanning electron microscopy. Two distinct patterns of tumour cell growth were observed using light microscopy: a superficial spreading layer, and discrete invasive deposits. Invasion was accompanied by disruption of the mesothelial monolayer, degradation and re-orientation of the matrix, and rudimentary tumour cell differentiation. We believe the use of this in vitro peritoneal model will facilitate the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the metastatic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006606006878
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  • 3
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    Towards answering the “so what” question in marine renewables environmental impact assessment (2017)
    In:  EPIC3ICES Annual Science Conference, Fort Lauderdale, USA, 2017-09-18-2017-09-21
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-30
    Description: Marine renewable energy projects (MREs) are supported by mandatory environmental monitoring programmes due to assumed environmental impacts. These programmes concentrate on the resultant effects of single industrial projects onto biological and physical components contributing to the local ecosystem structure. To date, impact assessments at the ecosystem functioning level (e.g. trophic interactions, nutrient cycling) are largely lacking. This critical knowledge gap hampers our ability to answering the “so what” question when assessing environmental impacts, i.e. whether the observed impacts are classified as good, bad or neutral, and/or acceptable or unacceptable. When assessing MREs, there is a fundamental need to focus on ecosystem functioning at relevant spatial and temporal scales to properly understand ecological impacts and its consequences. Here, we make a science-based plea for an increased investment in large scale impact assessment of MREs focused on ecosystem functioning. This presentation will cover a selection of examples from MRE monitoring programmes, where the current knowledge has limited conclusions on the “so what” question. Further, applications will demonstrate how a proposed ecosystem functioning approach at an appropriate spatial and temporal scale could advance our current assessment. These examples will illustrate the need to expand the current level of MRE monitoring beyond that of community structure and of individual industrial projects. This work will advance and strengthen collaborative MRE monitoring strategies, facilitating scientists, developers and regulators to answer the much needed “so what” question when undertaking environmental assessments, and reassuring stakeholders with high confidence over these assessments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    Effects on the Food Web - Offshore Renewable Energy in the US: Learning as we go (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Baird Symposium, Webinar, online
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 5
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    External scientific commitee findings, with specieal attention to future monitoring (2013)
    In:  EPIC3WinMon.BE conference, Environmental impact of offshore wind farms "Learning from the past to optimise future monitoring programmes", Brussels, Belgium, 2013-11-26-2013-11-28
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
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    Benthic effects of offshore renewables: identification of knowledge gaps and urgently needed research (2019)
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    In:  EPIC3ICES Journal of Marine Science, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, pp. 1-17, ISSN: 1054-3139
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: As the EU’s commitment to renewable energy is projected to grow to 20% of energy generation by 2020, the use of marine renewable energy from wind, wave and tidal resources is increasing. This literature review (233 studies) (i) summarizes knowledge on how marine renewable energy devices affect benthic environments, (ii) explains how these effects could alter ecosystem processes that support major ecosystem services and (iii) provides an approach to determine urgent research needs. Conceptual diagrams were set up to structure hypothesized cause-effect relationships (i.e. paths). Paths were scored for (i) temporal and spatial scale of the effect, (ii) benthic sensitivity to these effects,(iii) the effect consistency and iv) scoring confidence, and consecutively ranked. This approach identified prominent knowledge gaps and research needs about (a) hydrodynamic changes possibly resulting in altered primary production with potential consequences for filter feeders, (b) the introduction and range expansion of non-native species (through stepping stone effects) and, (c) noise and vibration effects on benthic organisms. Our results further provide evidence that benthic sensitivity to offshore renewable effects is higher than previously indicated. Knowledge on changes of ecological functioning through cascading effects is limited and requires distinct hypothesis-driven research combined with integrative ecological modelling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Offshore wind park monitoring programmes, lessons learned and recommendations for the future (2015)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Hydrobiologia, SPRINGER, ISSN: 0018-8158
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-20
    Description: Over a decade of monitoring offshore wind park environmental impact triggered a reflection on the overall objectives and how to best continue with the monitoring programmes. Essentially, basic monitoring has to be rationalised at the level of the likelihood of impact detection, the meaningfulness of impact size and representativeness of the findings. Targeted monitoring is crucial and should continue to be applied to disentangle processes behind observed impacts, for instance the overarching artificial reef effect caused by wind parks. The major challenge, however, remains to achieve a reliable assessment of the cumulative impacts. A continuous international consultation and collaboration with marine scientists, managers, government officials and industry will be needed to ensure an optimisation of the future monitoring programmes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Preface: the WinMon.BE 2013 conference: steps towards an efficient and effective offshore wind farm environmental impact assessment (2015)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Hydrobiologia, SPRINGER, ISSN: 0018-8158
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    ICES Workshop on the effects of offshore wind farms on marine benthos (WKEOMB) - Facilitating a closer international collaboration throughout the North Atlantic region (2012)
    In:  EPIC3ICES Benthos Ecology Working Group Meeting, Sandgerði, Iceland, 2012-05-07-2012-09-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The workshop aimed at bringing experts working in the field of offshore wind farms – benthos together for the first time in order to get an overview on the state of the art. This was achieved by an extended poster session. The second issue of WKEOMB was to identify knowledge gaps and evaluating monitoring strategies. This issue was evaluated by disentangling the cause-effect relationships affected by the pressures of the activities during the construction and operation phase of offshore wind farms. All cause-effect relationships were summarized in a schematic presentation. The identifi-cation and a comprehensive overview of cause-effect relationships is a prerequisite for an efficient, hypothesis driven approach towards the disentanglement of the vari-ous effects of offshore wind farms on the marine benthos as well as on the whole eco-system. Further, manifold cause-effect relationships were prioritized based on three main research themes, biological resources – biogeochemical reactions – biodiversity, disentangled by the participants as relevant. An important outcome of the workshop is that benthos receives by far too little atten-tion compared to other ecosystem components (e.g. seabirds, marine mammals), al-though it contributes to a great extent to marine ecosystem services and goods, e.g. biodiversity, long-term carbon storage and trophic supply for higher trophic-level species. A second main outcome of WKEOMB was that legal baseline monitoring merely allows for net-effect descriptions but not for identifying and understanding the underlying processes. Key processes should be, thus, identified and become sub-ject to hypotheses-based target monitoring and/or experimental studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
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    A call for hypotheses‐based benthos research in offshore windfarm environmental impact studies (2012)
    ICES CM 2012/O:07
    In:  EPIC3ICES CM 2012/O:07, ICES Annual Science Conference, Bergen, Norway, 2012-09-17-2012-09-21ICES CM 2012/O:07
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Offshore windfarms are expected to affect substantially the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. Collision risks for migrating birds and noise impact on marine mammals and fish are issues of major public concern. Less charismatic organisms, however, from marine algae through to benthic invertebrates and demersal fish receive far less attention. We contend that the benthos deserves much greater attention owing to the numerous ecosystem goods and services, such as marine biodiversity and long‐term carbon storage and natural resources (e.g. for fish, birds, mammals, and finally humans), that are intimately linked to the benthic system. The installation and operation of extensive offshore windfarms in shallow shelf seas will initiate processes which are expected to affect benthic communities over various spatial and temporal scales. Extensive baseline monitoring programmes allow observations of structural changes to benthic communities, but this is a post‐hoc approach. To gain a mechanistic understanding of these processes that enables us to explain the observed changes, specific target monitoring and well‐designed experimental studies are required. In this conceptual talk we will discuss specific cause–effect relationships in the marine benthos arising from the anthropogenic activities associated with offshore windfarms. The identification of cause–effect relationships is the prerequisite for an efficient, hypothesis‐driven approach towards the disentanglement of the various effects of offshore windfarms on the marine benthos as well as on the whole ecosystem.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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