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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pleiotropic Defects of IL-6—deficient Mice Including Early Hematopoiesis, T and B Cell Function, and Acute Phase Responses (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 762 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32335.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of R- and S-form lipopolysaccharides fractionated from Escherichia coli UKT-B lipopolysaccharide in pyrogen and Limulus tests (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 60 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Different LPS was shown to have a relatively different proportion of O-specific chain-less (R-form) LPS by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with sodium deoxycholate (DOC). By using DOC-PAGE, S-form LPS having O-chain with approximately 11 repeating units on average (S-Fr) and O-chain-less LPS (R-Fr) were separated from Escherichia coli UKT-B S-form LPS. Significantly stronger pyrogenicity was observed in R-Fr than in S-Fr when measured on the weight basis. Similar result was observed in Limulus test. Comparing biological activities of different S-form LPS, attention should be given to the amounts of co-existing R-form LPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03423.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leishmania major infection in C57BL/10 mice differing at the Lps locus: a new non-healing phenotype (1997)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 186 (1997), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Lipopolysaccharide responder ; Lipopolysaccharide nonresponder ; Cytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The course of cutaneous leishmaniasis was examined in mice from two genetically closely related strains, C57BL/10ScCr (Cr) and C57BL/10ScSn (Sn). Sn mice are able to heal Leishmania major infections, while Cr mice are unable to heal. The cutaneous lesions of the Cr mice progressed continuously and the increase in lesion size was paralleled by an unrestricted growth of the parasites in vivo. Cr mice, in contrast to their Sn counterparts, are highly resistant to all effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The nonhealing L. major infection in Cr mice is in sharp contrast to the course of infection in another endotoxin-nonresponder mouse strain, C3H/HeJ, which heal infections with L. major. Cr mice exhibit, in addition to the defective LPS responsiveness, an impaired interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response after infection with a variety of microorganisms. The insufficient activation of parasitized macrophages to kill intracellular L. major could be due to the inability of splenocytes from infected Cr mice to secrete IFN-γ upon restimulation with L. major. IFN-γ is essential for the efficient activation of parasitized macrophages to kill intracellular L. major by producing nitric oxide (NO). Although bone marrow-derived Cr macrophages do not produce NO in response to LPS, both Sn and Cr macrophages release NO upon stimulation with IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor, indicating that they are responsive to activation by these cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050048
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circulating lipid A antibodies despite absence of systemic endotoxemia in patients with Crohn's disease (1984)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 29 (1984), S. 502-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipid A is a component common to endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. It has been suggested that the gut wall of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is more permeable to luminal bacterial macromolecules which may stimulate the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We therefore investigated 40 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 23 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) with respect to their lipid A antibody titers and presence of endotoxins (Limulus test). Both tests were performed simultaneously using peripheral venous blood. Systemic endotoxin was demonstrated in only two of the patients. The lipid A antibody titers in the CD patients were significantly higher than either in patients with UC or in 42 healthy controls. Lipid A titiers of patients with UC did not differ from those of controls. Titers of lipid A were significantly higher in patients with active Crohn's disease than in patients with inactive disease. It is concluded that systemic endotoxemia occurs rarely in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; however, despite this virtual absence of endotoxins in their peripheral blood, patients with CD show an increase in antibody formation against lipid A. This is suggestive of an altered immunologic reactivity against endotoxins in patients with CD and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296269
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical structure and biological activities of lipid A's from various bacterial families (1978)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 65 (1978), S. 578-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract The endotoxic principle of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is localized in their lipid A component. Biological effects of LPS on, for instance, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood picture, are also induced by free lipid A. In contrast to the great variability of the 0-specific chains, the chemical structure of lipid A is much more constant. It is common for Salmonella and similar for other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a number of lipid A's have been recognized that exhibited distinct structural features compared with Enterobacteriaceae. These lipid A's were found to be also distinct with regard to some of their biological properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364907
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization ofCampylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (1990)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 21 (1990), S. 377-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipopolysaccharides were isolated from dehydratedCampylobacter jejuni by combination of the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether and phenol-water extraction techniques. Biochemical characterizations of lipopolysaccharide were performed on the two fractions of highest purity. Neutral sugar analyses detected galactose, glucose, trace amounts of mannose, and an unidentified deoxy-hexose. The primary amino sugars were galactosamine, glucosamine, and glucosamine-phosphate. Chemical analyses of other lipopolysaccharide components included phosphate, 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO), and fatty acids. The predominant fatty acids were 3-hydroxytetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids with lesser amounts of tetradecanoic acid. 3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acids were bound to lipid A by both amide and ester linkages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02199441
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction and biochemical analyses ofHelicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharides (1992)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 24 (1992), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipopolysaccharides were isolated from dehydratedHelicobacter pylori cells by the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether and hot phenol/water extraction techniques. Biochemical characterization of the crude extracts indicated the following: The primary fatty acids and approximate molar ratios were 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic (2), 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic (1), and octadecanoic (1) acids. Lesser amounts of tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecenoic acids were noted. 3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid was not deteted in either extract. Neutral sugar analyses detected glucose, galactose, two heptose isomers, and an unidentified deoxy-hexose. Glucosamine and glucosamine phosphate were the only amino sugars found in significant quantities. Analyses of other components included ethanolamine, phosphate, and protein. 3-Deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) was detected, but in lower concentrations than would be expected in comparable enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01568982
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Occurrence of 4-Amino-4-Deoxy-Arabinose in LPS of Supersusceptible Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61: Noncorrelation with Polymyxin Resistance (1999)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 38 (1999), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from the supersusceptible strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 were compared with LPS from other strains with varying antimicrobial susceptibilities. The presence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-arabinose (4-AraN) in P. aeruginosa Z61 LPS was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Z61 LPS (compared with wild-type strain PAO1) has reduced amounts of rhamnose and higher concentrations of hydroxy fatty acids, 4-AraN, and phosphates. 31P Nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that Z61 LPS phosphates are configured in monophosphates, phosphodiesters, pyrophosphomonoesters, and glycosidic pyrophosphodiester groups. The presence of 4-AraN in P. aeruginosa LPS did not correlate with antimicrobial resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006792
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid A, the active part of bacterial endotoxins in inducing serum colony stimulating activity and proliferation of splenic granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 87 (1976), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An analysis of which component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipid or the poly saccharide (PS), is active in stimulating the murine granulopoietic system has been performed. LPS with different structures, isolated from different mutant strains of Salmonella and chemical degradation products of lipopolysaccharides have been used. Lipid A obtained by acid hydrolysis of the LPS and complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (lipid A-BSA) was shown to be active in generating serum colony stimulating factor (CSF) and in increasing the splenic colony forming cells (CFC) levels, although it was less active than the parent LPS. The polysaccharide (PS) showed no significant activity at the concentrations used. LPS (glycolipids) from R mutants of Salmonella minnesota were active to the same extent as the LPS. The fact that even the most defective LPS from the R mutant R595 which contains lipid A and KDO only is a potent endotoxin, points unequivocally, to lipid A, as the active principle in stimulating the granulopoietic system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040870110
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