Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- Prologue -- Acknowledgments -- Part I The Story -- 1 Out Current Conflict -- 1.1 Politics in America -- 1.2 Environmentalists Versus Industry: A Collision Between Two Post-World War II Movements -- 1.3 Battles over Offshore Oil and ANWR -- 1.4 Isolation of Information Systems Among Environmental Activists, Academic Analysts, and Producers -- 2 Tracing the Roots of the Conflict -- 2.1 Engineers and Pre-World War II America -- 2.2 1950s-1960s: Environmental and Other Stresses Begin to Erode the Boom -- 2.3 A New Academic Paradigm -- 2.4 The Modern Offshore Oil Industry -- 2.5 The Turbulent 1960s: Increasing Pollution, Environmental Problems, the Counterculture, and a Preoccupied Administration -- 2.6 Remedial Action Falters -- 2.7 The Collision: the Santa Barbara Oil Spill of 1969 -- 2.8 The 1970s and 1980s -- 2.9 Back to the Present -- 3 Why History Is Important for Environmental Decision Making Today and Tomorrow -- 3.1 Communications and the Importance of Mediators -- 3.2 Bad Governance Produces Bad Consequences for Society -- 3.3 Environmental and Public Health Management -- 3.4 People and Milestones in American Environmental History -- 4 The Environmental Revolution of the 1970s and Its Outcomes -- 4.1 Problems Prior to the 1970s -- 4.2 Results of the New System -- 4.3 Underexamined Problems -- 4.4 Infrastructure -- 5 Why Do Conflict and Polarization Matter? -- 5.1 Changing Energy Policies -- 5.2 Good Politics Versus "Inspirational" Politics -- 5.3 Exploring Methods to Reduce CO -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Summary -- 6 Foreign Experience -- 6.1 The European Union and Other Nations Take the Lead -- 6.2 Environmental Policies -- 6.3 Scandinavian Nations: Emergence of Post-environmental Societies -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.5 Alternative Energy in Europe -- 7 Reform Efforts and the Future: Where Do We Go from Here?. , 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Selected Critiques and Problems with the old Regulatory System -- 7.3 Reform Efforts - History -- 7.4 Proposals for Reform -- 7.5 Why Major Reforms of the 1970s Environmental Regulatory System Failed - and Lawmakers Are Deterred from Attempting Reform -- 7.6 Facing the Music -- 7.7 Where Do We go from Here? -- Part II Cases, Documentation, and Policy Analysis -- 8 Case Studies and Examples -- 8.1 The Rise of German Science: Lessons Forgotten in US Science Policy after World War II -- 8.2 Whatever Happened to the Blue Revolution? -- 8.3 US Geological Survey -- 8.4 Environmental Laws and Cases -- 8.5 Corporate Scandals -- 8.6 Campaigns of Environmental Activist Organizations -- 8.7 Virginia Offshore Oil and Gas Issue -- 8.8 Guerrilla Warfare -- 8.9 Green jobs, United States and Sweden -- 8.10 Alternative Energy Sources and Emission Reduction Technologies -- Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) -- 8.11 Positive Developments in the Environmental Community -- 9 Policy Analysis -- 9.1 Post-World War II influences on US Academic Research and Policy Studies -- 9.2 Shifts in Attitudes of Scientific, Industrial, and Governmental Leadership During and Since World War II -- 9.3 Mediator-Leaders: A Critical Need for Future Progress -- 9.4 US and EU Lawmaking -- 9.5 Approach to the Present Research and Book -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Title -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- 2014 Preface -- Author's Note -- Introduction -- PART I - The Small -- Chapter One - The Microbial Mind -- Chapter Two - The Immune Intellect -- Chapter Three - The Enzyme Computer -- PART II - The Abstract -- Chapter Four - The Yang and the Um -- Chapter Five - Networks -- Chapter Six - The Selfish Neuron -- PART III - The Large -- Chapter Seven - Wider Than the Sky -- Chapter Eight - Superorganisms -- Chapter Nine - Magister Ludi -- Addenda -- Additional Resources -- Bibliography -- About the Author -- Copyright.

Note: Intro -- Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- Chemistry, Properties, and Uses of Commercial Fluorinated Surfactants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemistry of Fluorinated Surfactants -- 2.1 Electrochemical Fluorination -- 2.2 Telomerization: Fluorotelomers -- 2.3 Per- and Poly- Fluorinated Ethers -- 2.4 Fluorinated Oxetanes -- 2.5 Spacers -- 3 Properties -- 4 Commercial Uses -- 4.1 Aqueous Film-Forming Foams -- 4.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery -- 4.3 Coatings -- 4.4 Industrial and Institutional -- 4.5 Electroplating and Electrowinning -- 4.6 Electronics -- 4.7 Paper -- 4.8 Mining -- 4.9 Photographic Films -- 4.10 Fluoropolymer Polymerization Aid -- 4.11 Pesticide Application -- 5 Summary -- References -- Perfluorinated Compounds: Occurrence and Uses in Products -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Family of PFCs -- 3 Physical Properties of PFC -- 4 Historic Emissions of PFCs -- 5 PFCs in Articles and Their Exposure -- References -- Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Reveal Biotransformation Products from Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemicals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Properties of Fluorine and Fluorinated Organic Compounds and the Implications for Analytical Purposes and Environmental Behavior -- 3 Instrumental Setup -- 3.1 Biodegradation Setup -- 3.2 Chromatographic Separations -- 3.3 Mass Spectrometry -- 3.3.1 Atmospheric Pressure Ionization -- 3.3.2 Mass Analyzers -- 4 Approaches to Detect Novel Metabolites -- 4.1 General Modus Operandi -- 4.2 GC-MS -- 4.3 LC-MS(/MS) -- 4.3.1 Single Quadrupole Instruments -- 4.3.2 Triple Quadrupole Instruments -- 5 Structure Determination of Unknown Compounds -- 5.1 General Modus Operandi -- 5.2 MS Modes Used to Determine Structures -- 5.3 Fragmentation of Fluorinated Compounds -- References -- Sorption and Leaching Behavior of Perfluorinated Compounds in Soil. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Sorption and Soil Passage -- 2.1 Laboratory Sorption Experiments -- 2.2 Sorption and Distribution in the Environment -- 2.3 Soil Passage -- 3 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Polyfluorinated Chemicals in European Surface Waters, Ground- and Drinking Waters -- 1 Introduction -- 2 PFC Concentrations in Surface Waters in Europe -- 2.1 Northern Europe -- 2.2 Central Europe -- 2.3 Southern Europe -- 2.4 Western Europe (United Kingdom) -- 2.5 Eastern Europe -- 3 PFC Concentrations in Groundwater -- 3.1 PFCs in Groundwater at Severely Polluted Sites -- 3.2 Monitoring Campaigns for PFCs in Groundwater -- 4 PFCs in Drinking Water -- 4.1 Occurrence of PFCs in Drinking Water -- 4.2 Behavior of PFCs During Drinking Water Preparation -- 5 Summary -- References -- Treatment Options for the Removal and Degradation of Polyfluorinated Chemicals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical Treatment -- 2.1 Adsorption -- 2.2 Membrane Filtration -- 3 Oxidative Chemical and Physicochemical Treatment -- 3.1 Incineration -- 3.2 Sonolysis -- 3.3 Advanced Oxidation -- 3.4 Alternative Oxidation Systems -- 3.4.1 Sulfate Radical Anions -- 3.4.2 Electrolysis -- 3.4.3 Photolysis -- 4 Reduction -- 5 Biological Degradation -- 6 Promising Approaches for Combined Treatment Techniques -- 6.1 PAC-MF/UF -- 6.2 Ozone-AC -- 6.3 PAC-Activated Sludge -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Perfluorinated Compounds in Food -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Food -- 2.1 Storage and Conservation of Food Samples for PFC Analysis -- 2.2 Food Sample Pretreatment, Extraction and Clean-Up -- 2.3 Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of the Determination -- 3 Sources of Food Contamination -- 4 Food Contamination: Daily Intakes and Safety Limits -- 4.1 Fish Contamination -- 4.2 Foodstuff Studies -- 5 Conclusions and Future Trends -- References. , Human Biomonitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds -- 1 General Aspects on Human Biomonitoring -- 1.1 Perfluorinated Compounds Studied in HBM -- 2 Determination of PFC in Human Biomonitoring -- 3 PFC Concentrations in Blood Plasma/Serum -- 3.1 Exposure of German Residents in Arnsberg to PFC-Contaminated Drinking Water -- 3.2 Exposure of U.S. American Residents in the Mid-Ohio Valley to PFC: C8 Health Project -- 4 Elimination Half-Life -- 5 Time Trends of PFC Levels in HBM -- 6 How to Interpret PFC Levels in HBM? -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1. A Brief History of the Food Safety Consortium -- Preharvest Foodborne Pathogen Ecology and Intervention Strategies -- 2. Novel Strategies for the Preharvest Control of Campylobacter in Poultry -- 3. Colonization and Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Swine -- 4. Traversing the Swine Gastrointestinal Tract: Salmonella Survival and Pathogenesis -- 5. On-Farm Interventions to Reduce Epizootic Bacteria in Food-Producing Animals and the Environment -- 6. Colonization and Pathogenesis of Foodborne Salmonella in Egg-Laying Hens -- Postharvest Foodborne Pathogen Ecology -- 7. Preharvest Food-Safety Issues That Carry Over into the Plant -- 8. Validating HACCP for Small Plants -- 9. Campylobacter jejuni in Biofilms: A Possible Mechanism of Survival Inside and Outside the Chicken Host -- 10. Beef-Safety Research Conducted by the Food Safety Consortium -- 11. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Raw and Ready-to-Eat Foods and Food-Processing Environments and Intervention Strategies for Control -- Rapid Methods and Detection Strategies for Foodborne Pathogens -- 12. Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbial Food Safety -- 13. Genomic Approaches to Bacterial Pathogens Using Transposon Mutagenesis: Food-Safety Applications -- 14. Advances in Antibody-Based Technologies for Listeria monocytogenes -- 15. The Potential for Application of Foodborne Salmonella Gene Expression Profiling Assays in Postharvest Poultry Processing -- Antibiotics and Antimicrobialsin Food Safety: Perspectives and Strategies -- 16. Quantitative Profiling of the Intestinal Microbiota of Drug-Free Broiler Chickens -- 17. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Foodborne Pathogens in Conventional and Organic Livestock Operations -- 18. Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni in Raw Poultry Products. , 19. Plant Extracts, Natural Antimicrobials, and Irradiation to Improve Microbial Safety and Quality of Meat Products -- Emerging Issues in Food Safety -- 20. Assessing Consumer Concerns and Perceptions of Food-Safety Risks and Practices: Methodologies and Outcomes -- 21. Food Safety of Natural and Organic Poultry -- 22. Alternative and Organic Beef Production: Food-Safety Issues -- 23. The Consumers' Perspective on the Safety of Organic Foods: An Opportunity for Future Research -- 24. Future Prospects for Advancing Food-Safety Research in Food Animals -- Contributors -- Index.

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