Note: Cover -- Adapting Institutions -- Title -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- 1 Adapting institutions, adaptive governance and complexity: an introduction -- Part I Adapting local institutions, networks, leadership and learning -- 2 Knowledge, social networks and leadership: setting the stage for thedevelopment of adaptive institutions? -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 THE CASE -- 2.2.1 Fishing activities and management over time -- 2.3 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH -- 2.3.1 Theoretical perspective -- 2.3.2 Methods -- 2.4 SOCIAL NETWORKS: THE FABRIC OF COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT -- 2.4.1 Networks and knowledge distributions -- 2.4.2 Social brokers or blockers: positions and incentives -- 2.4.3 Leadership and influential individuals -- 2.5 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Adaptive capacity of local indigenous institutions: the case of the taboo forests of southern Madagascar -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 LOCAL INSTITUTIONS AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY -- 3.3 TABOOS AS LOCAL INSTITUTIONS -- 3.3.1 Taboos in Madagascar -- 3.3.2 Forest and taboos in Androy -- 3.3.3 The ecological context -- 3.4 SOCIAL CONTEXT -- 3.5 THE TABOO FOREST INSTITUTIONS -- 3.6 DRIVERS OF CHANGE AND LOCAL ADAPTIVE CAPACITY -- 3.6.1 Erratic rainfall and migration -- Western Androy: deforestation 1986-2000 -- North and central Androy: stable and regenerating forest cover 1986-2000 -- The core of Androy in the south: stable forest cover 1986-2000 -- 3.6.2 Christianity and social change -- Attitudes and tensions: Christianity and ancestral believers -- Funerals, forest burial sites and Christianity -- 3.8 DISCUSSION -- 3.8.1 The link between land and people -- 3.8.2 The link between people, ancestors and forest -- 3.9 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES. , 4 Adapting to change: tracing farmers' responses to disturbances in irrigation systems in Nepal -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 DATA AND METHODOLOGY -- 4.3 TRACING DISTURBANCES, PROCESSES AND REACTIONS -- 4.3.1 Floods and landslides -- 4.3.2 New users -- 4.3.3 Offers of infrastructure support -- 4.3.4 Implementation of infrastructure support -- 4.4 ANALYSIS -- 4.4.1 Actions and actors -- 4.4.2 A link to business organisations -- 4.4.3 Causes, immediate impacts and long-term effects -- 4.5 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Creating incentives for increased public engagement in ecosystem management through urban commons -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 URBAN LAND CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND INTERACTION -- 5.3 DYNAMICS OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN URBAN AREAS -- 5.4 URBAN COMMONS -- 5.4.1 Community gardens -- 5.4.2 Allotment areas -- 5.4.3 Emerging urban commons -- 5.5 URBAN COMMONS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CITIES -- 5.5.1 Applicability of commons in urban areas -- 5.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II Adapting and governing public institutions for uncertainty and complexity -- 6 Adaptive capacity and the ecostate -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 THE STATE AS A SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM -- 6.3 THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF STATES -- 6.4 THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE -- 6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE REGIMES -- 6.5.1 A brief history of the environmental state -- 6.6 MODELLING THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE REGIMES -- 6.6.1 Policy diversity in EGRs: a first look -- 6.7 THE NEED TO STRENGTHEN THE ECOSTATE -- 6.8 CONCLUSIONS: RETHINKING THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- REFERENCES -- 7 Food systems and adaptive governance: food crisis in Niger -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S FOOD SECURITY -- 7.3 UNDERSTANDING FOOD SECURITY -- 7.4 THE NIGER HUMANITARIAN CRISIS 2004-05. , 7.4.1 Assessment of the food security situation in Niger -- 7.4.2 National and international responses to the crisis -- 7.4.3 Food insecurity as a result of institutional failures -- 7.5 EXPLORING ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE IN RELATION TO FOOD SECURITY -- 7.5.1 Knowledge and practice -- 7.5.2 Institutional learning -- 7.5.3 Co-management -- 7.5.4 Social capital -- 7.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Public-private partnerships in the provision of environmental governance: a case of disaster management -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE -- 8.3 CAYMAN ISLANDS HURRICANE PREPAREDNESS AND THE NATIONAL HURRICANE COMMITTEE -- 8.4 PAST AND FUTURE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL HURRICANE COMMITTEE -- 8.5 CONCLUSIONS: LESSONS FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN HAZARD MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Part III Adapting multi-level institutions to environmental crisis -- 9 Double complexity: informationtechnology and reconfigurations inadaptive governance -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 PUZZLES IN ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE -- 9.2.1 The puzzle of institutional diversity -- 9.2.2 The puzzle of institutional redundancy -- 9.2.3 The puzzle of leadership versus decentralisation -- 9.3 ADAPTIVE RECONFIGURATIONS IN GOVERNANCE -- 9.3.1 High-reliability organisations as adaptive reconfiguration -- 9.4 MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE, RECONFIGURATIONS AND EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- 9.4.1 Early warning and information technology -- 9.4.2 Communication, not information -- 9.4.3 Networks of networks in global health governance -- 9.4.4 Governance reconfigurations and 'networks of networks' -- 9.5 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Adaptive governance and natural hazards: the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the governance of coastal ecosystems in Sri Lanka -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 NATURAL HAZARDS AND ECOSYSTEMS. , 10.3 THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI -- 10.3.1 The impact of the tsunami in Sri Lanka -- 10.3.2 The governance of coastal ecosystems in Sri Lanka before the tsunami -- 10.3.3 The governance of coastal ecosystems in Sri Lanka after the tsunami -- 10.4 ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE -- 10.4.1 Cooperation and collaboration in a network of actors -- 10.4.2 Social memory and learning -- 10.4.3 Flexible and experimental approaches -- 10.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 Adapting to global climate change: evaluating resilience in two networked public institutions -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 EVALUATING ADAPTATIONS IN PRACTICE: ADDED VALUE OF A RESILIENCE PERSPECTIVE -- 11.2.1 Existing frameworks and their limitations -- 11.2.2 Adding a resilience perspective to evaluating adapting institutions -- 11.2.3 Linking institutional features to decision-making and adaptation -- 11.3 CASE STUDIES: DESCRIPTIONS AND FINDINGS -- 11.3.1 Department for International Development (DFID) -- (1) Self-organising: DFID reshaping itself for climate change -- (2) Buffering: building preparedness and leadership in DFID -- (3) Feedback: monitoring and ad-hoc learning on climate change in DFID -- 11.3.2 Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) -- (1) Self-organising: influencing climate-change decisions -- (2) Buffering: building preparedness to climate change -- (3) Feedback: various forms of stocktaking in the FCO -- 11.4 DISCUSSION -- 11.4.1 Institutional resilience and good adaptations in practice -- (1) Networks -- (2) Buffering -- (3) Feedback -- 11.4.2 Barriers and limits to evaluating adaptation -- Principles 1 and 2: sustainability and flexibility in adapting institutions -- Principle 3: efficacy in adapting institutions -- Principle 4: efficiency in adapting institutions -- Principle 5: equity in adapting institutions -- 11.4.3 Strategies for evaluating adapting institutions. , 11.5 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 12 Conclusions: adapting institutions and resilience -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 THE PROBLEM OF FIT AND ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE -- 12.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER INSIGHTS -- 12.3.1 Adapting local institutions, networks, leadership and learning -- 12.3.2 Adapting and governing public institutions for uncertainty and complexity -- 12.3.3 Adapting multi-level institutions to environmental crisis -- 12.4 DRAWING THE PIECES TOGETHER: INSIGHTS FOR SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE -- 12.4.1 What have we learned about adapting institutions, adaptive governance and complexity? -- REFERENCES -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Why trade and the environment? -- International cooperation -- Overview of the book -- CHAPTER 1 Nature's Life Support Systems as the Foundation for International Trade -- Life support ecosystems - a prerequisite for welfare -- Growth and the environment -- Economy and ecosystems -- An ecological-economic synthesis -- Trade from a natural resource and environmental perspective -- CHAPTER 2 Economic Perspectives on Trade and the Environment -- Theories of trade -- Trade and the environment -- Localization of environmentally damaging activities -- Political factors -- Possible solutions to international environmental issues -- CHAPTER 3 Trade Regulations - the Institutional Framework and Current Policy -- GATT/WTO: today's playing field for world trade -- GATT exceptions for environmental protection -- GATT panels on environmental issues -- GATT and international environmental agreements -- EU trade regulations and the environment -- A new General System of Preferences -- Environmental protection and free trade areas -- Ground rules for ecologically sustainable trade -- CHAPTER 4 The New Playing Field - Towards Sustainable Development -- Ground rules for sustainable development -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Appendix 1 International environmental agreements with trade provisions -- Appendix 2 Excerpts from the Rio Declaration -- Appendix 3 Excerpts from the GATT -- Appendix 4 Excerpts from the Treaty of Rome -- Appendix 5 Trade and Environment in the GATT -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Dedication -- Original Copyright -- Contents -- List of illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- PART I IMPLICATIONS, DRIVING FORCES AND PERSPECTIVES -- 1. Background and Overview -- Biodiversity as a conservation and scientific issue -- Current status and prospects -- The ecological economics of biodiversity -- 2. Ecological and Economic Implications of Biodiversity Loss -- Ecological implications -- Economic implications -- Summary and conclusions: implications for sustainability -- 3. Ecological and Economic Perspectives: Convergence or Divergence? -- How ecology approaches the problem -- How economics approaches the problem -- The pros and cons of a single-discipline approach -- 4. Driving Forces for Biodiversity Loss -- Proximate and underlying causes: an overview -- Population pressure -- Economic incentives -- Institutions -- Culture and ethics -- PART II ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SYSTEMS -- 5. Forests -- Identification and analysis -- Management and policy -- Challenges to be addressed -- 6. Wetlands -- Identification and analysis -- Management and policy -- Challenges to be addressed -- 7. Estuarine and Marine Ecosystems -- Identification and analysis -- Management and policy -- Challenges to be addressed -- 8. Rangelands -- Identification and analysis -- Management and policy -- Challenges to be addressed -- PART ΙII LESSONS FOR MANAGEMENT AND POLICY -- 9. Instruments and Tools for Biodiversity Conservation -- System boundaries and limits: when do they matter? -- Safeguards for the future: when do they apply? -- Regulations and markets: when do they work? -- Challenges to be addressed -- 10. Policies and Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation -- International management and incentives -- Regional and national management -- Local management -- Challenges to be addressed. , PART IV CONCLUSIONS -- 11. Paradise Regained: The Challenges Ahead -- Is a single-discipline approach sufficient? -- Towards an ecological-economic synthesis -- The challenges ahead -- Glossary of selected ecological and economical terms -- Glossary of acronyms and abbreviations -- References -- Index.